TEDWomen 2013
Esta Soler: How we turned the tide on domestic violence (Hint: the Polaroid helped)
Esta Soler: Kako smo spremenili smer družinskega nasilja (Namig: pomagal nam je Polaroid)
Filmed:
Readability: 3.3
1,230,517 views
Ko je Esta Soler leta 1984 lobirala za zakon, ki bi prepovedal družinsko nasilje, ga je nek politik oklical za "Zakon o zdolgočasenju zakonske zveze". "Ko bi le imela takrat Twitter," se namuzne. Ta močan, optimističen govor oriše 30 let taktik in tehnologije -- od Polaroidnega fotoaparata do družabnih omrežij -- ki so vodile v 64-odstotni upad družinskega nasilja v ZDA.
Esta Soler - Violence and abuse prevention expert
In 1994, Esta Soler was among the key advocates for a US law to combat the devastating effects of violence against women. Today, her mission is global. Full bio
In 1994, Esta Soler was among the key advocates for a US law to combat the devastating effects of violence against women. Today, her mission is global. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I want you to imagine
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Predstavljajte si,
00:14
what a breakthrough this was
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kakšen dosežek je bil to
00:16
for women who were victims of violence
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za ženske, ki so bile žrtve nasilja
00:19
in the 1980s.
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v 1980-ih.
00:21
They would come into the emergency room
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Prišle so na urgenco,
00:24
with what the police would call "a lovers' quarrel,"
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zaradi, kot so temu rekli policisti,
"ljubezenskega prepirčka",
"ljubezenskega prepirčka",
00:28
and I would see a woman who was beaten,
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jaz pa sem videla pretepeno žensko,
00:31
I would see a broken nose and a fractured wrist
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videla sem zlomljen nos in zapestje
00:36
and swollen eyes.
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in zatečene oči.
00:38
And as activists, we would take our Polaroid camera,
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Kot aktivisti
smo vzeli polaroidni fotoaparat,
smo vzeli polaroidni fotoaparat,
00:42
we would take her picture,
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jo fotografirali,
00:44
we would wait 90 seconds,
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počakali 90 sekund
00:47
and we would give her the photograph.
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in ji dali fotografijo.
00:50
And she would then have
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Tako je imela dokaz,
00:52
the evidence she needed to go to court.
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ki ga je potrebovala za sodišče.
00:55
We were making what was invisible visible.
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Posneli smo, kar je bilo vidno.
00:59
I've been doing this for 30 years.
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To počnem že 30 let.
01:01
I've been part of a social movement
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Sem del družbenega gibanja,
01:03
that has been working on ending
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ki se bori za konec
01:05
violence against women and children.
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nasilja nad ženskami in otroci.
01:09
And for all those years,
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In vsa ta leta
01:12
I've had an absolutely passionate
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sem absolutno in strastno prepričana,
01:17
and sometimes not popular belief
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čeprav je to prepričanje
na čase nepriljubljeno,
na čase nepriljubljeno,
01:20
that this violence is not inevitable,
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da to nasilje ni neizogibno,
01:23
that it is learned, and if it's learned,
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da je naučeno, in če je naučeno,
01:26
it can be un-learned, and it can be prevented.
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se ga lahko odučimo in ga preprečimo.
01:30
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
01:38
Why do I believe this?
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Zakaj to verjamem?
01:40
Because it's true.
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Ker je res.
01:42
It is absolutely true.
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Popolnoma je resnično.
01:44
Between 1993 and 2010,
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Med letoma 1993 in 2010
01:50
domestic violence among adult women
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se je družinsko nasilje
nad odraslimi ženskami
nad odraslimi ženskami
01:53
in the United States
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v Združenih državah
01:54
has gone down by 64 percent,
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znižalo za 64 odstotkov
01:58
and that is great news.
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in to so odlične novice.
02:00
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
02:03
Sixty-four percent. Now, how did we get there?
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64 odstotkov. Kako smo prišli do tega?
02:06
Our eyes were wide open.
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Naše oči so bile na široko odprte.
02:08
Thirty years ago, women were beaten,
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Pred tridesetimi leti
so bile ženske tepene,
so bile ženske tepene,
02:10
they were stalked, they were raped,
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zasledovane, posiljene
02:12
and no one talked about it.
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in o tem ni nihče govoril.
02:15
There was no justice.
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Ni bilo pravice.
02:17
And as an activist, that was not good enough.
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Kot aktivistki se mi to ni zdelo dovolj.
02:21
And so step one on this journey
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Zato je bil prvi korak tega potovanja
02:24
is we organized,
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organizacija
02:26
and we created this extraordinary
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in ustvarili smo neverjetno
02:29
underground network of amazing women
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podzemno mrežo neverjetnih žensk,
02:32
who opened shelters,
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ki so odpirale zavetišča,
02:33
and if they didn't open a shelter,
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in če niso odpirale zavetišč,
02:35
they opened their home
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so odprle svoje domove,
02:37
so that women and children could be safe.
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da bi bile te ženske in otroci varni.
02:40
And you know what else we did?
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In veste, kaj smo še storili?
02:42
We had bake sales, we had car washes,
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Prodajali smo pecivo, prali avtomobile
02:45
and we did everything we could do to fundraise,
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in počeli vse, da smo zbrali sredstva,
02:48
and then at one point we said,
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in na neki točki smo rekli,
02:50
you know, it's time that we went
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veste, čas je, da gremo
02:52
to the federal government
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do zvezne vlade,
02:54
and asked them to pay for these
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in jim rečemo, naj plačajo za te
02:56
extraordinary services that are saving people's lives.
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neverjetne dejavnosti,
ki ljudem rešujejo življenja.
ki ljudem rešujejo življenja.
03:00
Right? (Applause)
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Kajne? (Aplavz)
03:02
And so, step number two,
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In drugi korak,
03:05
we knew we needed to change the laws.
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vedeli smo, da moramo spremeniti zakone.
03:07
And so we went to Washington,
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Zato smo šli v Washington
03:10
and we lobbied for the first piece of legislation.
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in lobirali za prvo zakonodajo.
03:15
And I remember walking through the halls
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Spominjam se, ko sem hodila po hodnikih
03:17
of the U.S. Capitol,
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Kapitola,
03:20
and I was in my 30s, and my life had purpose,
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bila sem v svojih 30-ih
in moje življenje je imelo pomen
in moje življenje je imelo pomen
03:24
and I couldn't imagine
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in nisem si mogla predstavljati,
03:26
that anybody would ever challenge
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zakaj bi nekdo nasprotoval
03:28
this important piece of legislation.
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temu pomembnemu zakonu.
03:30
I was probably 30 and naive.
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Stara sem bila 30 let in naivna.
03:33
But I heard about a congressman
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Ampak slišala sem za kongresnika,
03:35
who had a very, very different point of view.
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ki je bil zelo, zelo drugačnega mišljenja.
03:38
Do you know what he called
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Veste, kako je poimenoval
03:40
this important piece of legislation?
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ta pomembni zakon?
03:42
He called it the Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.
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Zakon o "zdolgočasenju zakonske zveze".
03:46
The Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.
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Zakon o "zdolgočasenju zakonske zveze".
03:48
Ladies and gentlemen, that was in 1984
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Dame in gospodje, bilo je leto 1984
03:50
in the United States, and I wish I had Twitter.
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v ZDA in želim si,
da bi takrat imela Twitter.
da bi takrat imela Twitter.
03:54
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:57
Ten years later, after lots of hard work,
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Deset let kasneje, z veliko trdega dela,
04:00
we finally passed the Violence Against Women Act,
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smo končno sprejeli zakon
O nasilju nad ženskami,
O nasilju nad ženskami,
04:03
which is a life-changing act
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ki je spremenil življenja
04:05
that has saved so many lives. (Applause)
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in jih veliko tudi rešil.
(Aplavz)
(Aplavz)
04:08
Thank you.
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Hvala.
04:10
I was proud to be part of that work,
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Bila sem ponosna, da sem bila del tega,
04:13
and it changed the laws
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spremenili so se zakoni
04:15
and it put millions of dollars into local communities.
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in milijoni dolarjev
so šli v lokalne skupnosti.
so šli v lokalne skupnosti.
04:18
And you know what else it did? It collected data.
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In veste, kaj se je še zgodilo?
Zbrali smo podatke.
Zbrali smo podatke.
04:20
And I have to tell you, I'm passionate about data.
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In moram vam povedati,
podatki so moja strast.
podatki so moja strast.
04:23
In fact, I am a data nerd.
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Pravzaprav sem podatkovni piflar.
04:26
I'm sure there are a lot of data nerds here.
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Prepričana sem, da je tu
veliko podatkovnih piflarjev.
veliko podatkovnih piflarjev.
04:28
I am a data nerd,
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sem podatkovni piflar
04:29
and the reason for that is I want to make sure
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in to zato, ker se hočem prepričati,
04:32
that if we spend a dollar, that the program works,
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da če zapravimo dolar, da program deluje,
04:35
and if it doesn't work, we should change the plan.
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in če ne deluje, moramo spremeniti načrt.
04:39
And I also want to say one other thing:
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In rada bi rekla še nekaj:
04:43
We are not going to solve this problem
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tega problema ne bomo rešili,
04:45
by building more jails
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če zgradimo še več zaporov
04:48
or by even building more shelters.
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ali če celo zgradimo več zavetišč.
04:50
It is about economic empowerment for women,
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Gre za ekonomsko opolnomočenje žensk,
04:54
it is about healing kids who are hurt,
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za pomoč otrokom, ki trpijo,
04:56
and it is about prevention with a capital P.
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in preventivo z velikim P.
05:00
And so, step number three on this journey:
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In tako je korak številka 3
tega potovanja:
tega potovanja:
05:04
We know, if we're going to
keep making this progress,
keep making this progress,
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Vemo, da če hočemo še napredovati,
05:07
we're going to have to turn up the volume,
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bomo morali biti glasnejši,
05:09
we're going to have to increase the visibility,
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morali bomo biti bolj vidni,
05:12
and we're going to have to engage the public.
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in morali bomo vplesti javnost.
05:15
And so knowing that, we went
to the Advertising Council,
to the Advertising Council,
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S tem znanjem smo šli
do sveta oglaševalcev
do sveta oglaševalcev
05:18
and we asked them to help us
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in jih prosili za pomoč
05:20
build a public education campaign.
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pri sestavljanju
javne kampanje ozaveščanja.
javne kampanje ozaveščanja.
05:23
And we looked around the world to Canada
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In pogledali smo po svetu, Kanado,
05:25
and Australia and Brazil and parts of Africa,
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in Avstralijo in Brazilijo in dele Afrike
05:28
and we took this knowledge
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in s tem znanjem
05:30
and we built the first national
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smo zgradili prvo državno
05:32
public education campaign
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javnozdravstveno kampanjo,
05:34
called There's No Excuse for Domestic Violence.
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imenovano
Ni izgovora za družinsko nasilje.
Ni izgovora za družinsko nasilje.
05:37
Take a look at one of our spots.
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Poglejte enega izmed naših oglasov.
05:39
(Video) Man: Where's dinner?
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(Video) Moški: Kje je večerja?
05:41
Woman: Well, I thought you'd be home a couple hours ago, and I put everything away, so—
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Ženska: Mislila sem, da boš doma že prej, in sem že vse pospravila--
05:45
Man: What is this? Pizza.
Woman: If you had just called me,
I would have known—
Woman: If you had just called me,
I would have known—
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Moški: Kaj je to? Pica?
Ženska: Če bi poklical, bi vedela-
Ženska: Če bi poklical, bi vedela-
05:48
Man: Dinner? Dinner ready is a pizza?
Woman: Honey, please don't be so loud.
Woman: Honey, please don't be so loud.
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Moški: Večerja? Večerja je pica?
Ženska: Dragi, ne bodi glasen.
Ženska: Dragi, ne bodi glasen.
05:51
Please don't—Let go of me!
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Prosim ne-Izpusti me!
05:53
Man: Get in the kitchen!
Woman: No! Help!
Woman: No! Help!
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Moški: V kuhinjo!
Ženska: Ne! Na pomoč!
Ženska: Ne! Na pomoč!
05:56
Man: You want to see what hurts? (Slaps woman)
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Moški. Bi rada videla, kaj boli? (Klofuta)
05:58
That's what hurts! That's what hurts!
(Breaking glass)
(Breaking glass)
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To boli! To boli!
(Lomljenje stekla)
(Lomljenje stekla)
06:01
Woman: Help me!
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Ženska: Na pomoč!
06:04
["Children have to sit by and watch.
What's your excuse?"]
What's your excuse?"]
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[Otroci morajo sedeti in gledati.
Kaj pa je vaš izgovor?]
Kaj pa je vaš izgovor?]
06:07
Esta Soler: As we were in the process
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Esta Soler: Ko smo bili v procesu
06:09
of releasing this campaign,
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objave kampanje,
06:11
O.J. Simpson was arrested
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so O.J. Simpsona aretirali
06:13
for the murder of his wife and her friend.
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zaradi umora žene in njenega prijatelja.
06:17
We learned that he had a long history
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Spoznali smo, da je imel dolgo zgodovino
06:19
of domestic violence.
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družinskega nasilja.
06:20
The media became fixated.
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Mediji so postali osredotočeni.
06:23
The story of domestic violence
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Zgodba o družinskem nasilju
06:25
went from the back page,
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je šla z zadnje strani,
06:26
but actually from the no-page, to the front page.
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oziroma z nobene strani, na prvo stran.
06:29
Our ads blanketed the airwaves,
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Naši oglasi so zapolnili eter
06:32
and women, for the first time,
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in ženske so prvič
06:34
started to tell their stories.
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začele deliti svoje zgodbe.
06:37
Movements are about moments,
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Pri gibanjih so pomembni trenutki
06:40
and we seized this moment.
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in zgrabili smo trenutek.
06:43
And let me just put this in context.
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Naj postavim to v kontekst.
06:45
Before 1980, do you have any idea
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Pred letom 1980, se vam sanja
06:48
how many articles were in The New York Times
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koliko člankov je bilo v New York Timesu
06:51
on domestic violence?
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o družinskem nasilju?
06:54
I'll tell you: 158.
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Povem vam: 158.
06:58
And in the 2000s, over 7,000.
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In po letu 2000, preko 7000.
07:02
We were obviously making a difference.
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Očitno je bilo, da delamo razliko.
07:05
But we were still missing a critical element.
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Še zmeraj nam je manjkal kritični element.
07:08
So, step four: We needed to engage men.
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Torej, četrti korak,
morale smo vključiti moške.
morale smo vključiti moške.
07:14
We couldn't solve this problem
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Nismo mogli rešiti tega problema
07:16
with 50 percent of the population on the sidelines.
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s 50 odstotki populacije
na stranskem tiru.
na stranskem tiru.
07:19
And I already told you I'm a data nerd.
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Povedala sem vam že,
da sem podatkovni piflar.
da sem podatkovni piflar.
07:21
National polling told us that men felt indicted
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Državne ankete so nam povedale,
da se moški počutijo obtožene
da se moški počutijo obtožene
07:25
and not invited into this conversation.
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in nepovabljene v tem pogovoru.
07:27
So we wondered, how can we include men?
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Spraševali smo se, kako jih lahko vključimo.
07:31
How can we get men to talk about
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Kako lahko dobimo moške, da bi govorili
07:33
violence against women and girls?
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o nasilju nad ženskami in dekleti?
07:36
And a male friend of mine pulled me aside
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Prijatelj me je potegnil na stran
07:38
and he said, "You want men to talk about violence
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in rekel: "Hočete, da bi moški
govorili o nasilju
govorili o nasilju
07:42
against women and girls. Men don't talk."
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nad ženskami in dekleti.
Moški ne govorijo."
Moški ne govorijo."
07:45
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:46
I apologize to the men in the audience.
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Opravičujem se moškim v občinstvu.
07:49
I know you do.
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Vem, da govorite.
07:50
But he said, "Do you know what they do do?
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Ampak rekel je: "Veste, kaj pa počnejo?
07:52
They do talk to their kids.
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S svojimi otroci govorijo."
07:54
They talk to their kids as parents, as coaches."
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Govorijo z njimi kot starši,
kot svetovalci.
kot svetovalci.
07:57
And that's what we did.
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In to smo storili.
07:59
We met men where they were at
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To smo upoštevali
08:01
and we built a program.
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in naredili smo program.
08:02
And then we had this one event
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Imeli smo dogodek,
08:04
that stays in my heart forever
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ki bo za vedno v mojem srcu,
08:06
where a basketball coach
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kjer je trener košarke
08:09
was talking to a room filled with male athletes
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hodil po sobi, polni atletov
08:13
and men from all walks of life.
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in moških vseh vrst.
08:15
And he was talking about the importance
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In govoril je o pomembnosti
08:17
of coaching boys into men
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treniranja fantov v moške
08:19
and changing the culture of the locker room
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in spreminjanja "kulture preoblačilnice"
08:21
and giving men the tools to
have healthy relationships.
have healthy relationships.
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in o dajanju moškim orodij
za zdrava razmerja.
za zdrava razmerja.
08:24
And all of a sudden, he looked
at the back of the room,
at the back of the room,
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Nenadoma je pogledal v zadnji del sobe
08:27
and he saw his daughter,
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in videl svojo hčer.
08:29
and he called out his daughter's name, Michaela,
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Poklical jo je po imenu, Michaela,
08:31
and he said, "Michaela, come up here."
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in rekel: "Michaela, pridi sem."
08:33
And she's nine years old, and she was kind of shy,
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Imela je devet let,
malo je bila sramežljiva,
malo je bila sramežljiva,
08:35
and she got up there,
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a prišla je gor.
08:36
and he said, "Sit down next to me."
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Rekel je: "Sedi zraven mene."
08:39
She sat right down next to him.
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Usedla se je poleg njega.
08:41
He gave her this big hug, and he said,
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Objel jo je in rekel:
08:44
"People ask me why I do this work.
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"Sprašujejo me, zakaj to počnem.
08:47
I do this work because I'm her dad,
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To počnem, ker sem njen očka
08:50
and I don't want anyone ever to hurt her."
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in nočem, da jo kdorkoli prizadene."
08:54
And as a parent, I get it.
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Kot starš to razumem.
08:57
I get it,
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Razumem,
08:59
knowing that there are so many sexual assaults
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ker vem, da je toliko spolnih napadov
09:02
on college campuses
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na kampusih,
09:04
that are so widespread and so under-reported.
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ki so tako razširjeni,
a se o njih redko poroča.
a se o njih redko poroča.
09:08
We've done a lot for adult women.
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Veliko smo naredili za odrasle ženske.
09:10
We've got to do a better job for our kids.
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Bolj se moramo potruditi za naše otroke.
09:13
We just do. We have to. (Applause)
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Moramo se. Preprosto moramo.
(Aplavz)
(Aplavz)
09:16
We've come a long way
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Daleč smo prišli
09:18
since the days of the Polaroid.
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od dni Polaroida.
09:21
Technology has been our friend.
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Tehnologija je bila naš prijatelj.
09:24
The mobile phone is a global game changer
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Mobilni telefon ima globalni učinek
09:28
for the empowerment of women,
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na opolnomočenje žensk,
09:30
and Facebook and Twitter and Google and YouTube
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Facebook in Twitter
in Google in YouTube
in Google in YouTube
09:34
and all the social media helps us organize
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in družbena omrežja
nam pomagajo organizirati
nam pomagajo organizirati
09:38
and tell our story in a powerful way.
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in povedati zgodbe
na učinkovit način.
na učinkovit način.
09:42
And so those of you in this audience
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Tisti v občinstvu,
09:44
who have helped build those applications
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ki ste nam pomagali
narediti te aplikacije
narediti te aplikacije
09:46
and those platforms, as an organizer,
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in te platforme, kot organizator,
09:48
I say, thank you very much.
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vam pravim, najlepša hvala.
09:51
Really. I clap for you.
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Res. Jaz ploskam vam.
09:53
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
09:56
I'm the daughter of a man
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Sem hči moškega,
09:59
who joined one club in his life,
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ki se je pridružil samo enemu klubu,
10:01
the Optimist Club.
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Klubu optimistov.
10:04
You can't make that one up.
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Tega si ne moreš izmisliti.
10:07
And it is his spirit and his optimism
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In njegov duh in optimizem
10:11
that is in my DNA.
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sta v moji DNA.
10:13
I have been doing this work
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To počnem
10:15
for over 30 years,
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že več kot 30 let
10:17
and I am convinced, now more than ever,
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in prepričana sem,
zdaj bolj kot kadarkoli,
zdaj bolj kot kadarkoli,
10:19
in the capacity of human beings to change.
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v zmožnost ljudi, da se spremenijo.
10:23
I believe we can bend the arc of human history
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Menim, da lahko ukrivimo
lok človeške zgodovine
lok človeške zgodovine
10:27
toward compassion and equality,
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k sočutju in enakosti
10:30
and I also fundamentally believe
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in prav tako globoko verjamem
10:32
and passionately believe
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in strastno verjamem,
10:34
that this violence does not have to be part
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da to nasilje ni nujno del
10:38
of the human condition.
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stanja človeka.
10:39
And I ask you, stand with us
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Prosim vas, stojte z nami,
10:43
as we create futures without violence
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ko ustvarjamo prihodnost brez nasilja
10:47
for women and girls and men and boys everywhere.
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za ženske in dekleta
in moške in fante vsepovsod.
in moške in fante vsepovsod.
10:51
Thank you very much.
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Najlepša hvala.
10:53
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Esta Soler - Violence and abuse prevention expertIn 1994, Esta Soler was among the key advocates for a US law to combat the devastating effects of violence against women. Today, her mission is global.
Why you should listen
Esta Soler has guided Futures Without Violence to become one of the world’s most effective advocacy organizations in the effort to recognize and prevent gender-based violence. The agency she founded 30 years ago provides education, policy development and training to reduce the prevalence of violence against women and children, and to care for its victims. "When we started, there wasn't even the language for this," says Soler.
Futures Without Violence -- then called the Family Violence Prevention Fund -- lobbied for a decade to get the Violence Against Women Act passed in 1994. Congress upheld and expanded the law in 2000, 2005 and most recently in 2013. Today, Futures Without Violence has offices in San Francisco, Boston and Washington, D.C. -- but their vision is for a worldwide moment to end gender-based violence. Today, Soler is committed working with anti-violence activists around the world to pass the International Violence Against Women Act.
Esta Soler | Speaker | TED.com