TEDGlobal 2009
Bjarke Ingels: 3 warp-speed architecture tales
Bjarke Ingels: tri super-brze arhitektonske priče
Filmed:
Readability: 4.4
2,575,938 views
Danski arhitekta Bjarke Ingels juri kroz mešavinu fotografskih/video priča o svojim ekološki-upečatljivim projektima. Njegovi objekti ne samo što podsećaju na prirodu - oni funkcionišu kao priroda: štite od vetra, sakupljaju solarnu energiju... i stvaraju neverovatne vizure.
Bjarke Ingels - Architect
Theory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings. Full bio
Theory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The public debate about architecture
0
0
2000
Javna debata o arhitekturi
00:14
quite often just stays on contemplating the final result,
1
2000
4000
vrlo često ostaje samo na razmatranju konačnog rezultata,
00:18
the architectural object.
2
6000
2000
arhitektonskog objekta.
00:20
Is the latest tower in London
3
8000
3000
Da li je najnoviji soliter u Londonu
00:23
a gherkin or a sausage
4
11000
2000
krastavac ili kobasica
00:25
or a sex tool?
5
13000
2000
ili seksualno pomagalo?
00:27
So recently, we asked ourselves
6
15000
3000
Tako da smo se nedavno zapitali
00:30
if we could invent a format
7
18000
2000
da li možemo da izmislimo format
00:32
that could actually tell the stories behind the projects,
8
20000
3000
koji bi mogao da ispriča priče koje stoje iza projekata.
00:35
maybe combining images and drawings and words
9
23000
3000
Možda kombinujući slike i crteže sa rečima
00:38
to actually sort of tell stories about architecture.
10
26000
4000
možemo na neki način ispričati priče o arhitekturi.
00:42
And we discovered that we didn't have to invent it,
11
30000
3000
I shvatili smo da ne moramo da ga izmislimo,
00:45
it already existed in the form of a comic book.
12
33000
4000
on je već postojao u formi stripa.
00:49
So we basically copied the format of the comic book
13
37000
3000
Tako da smo u osnovi preuzeli format stripa.
00:52
to actually tell the stories of behind the scenes,
14
40000
2000
Mi zapravo pričamo priče koje se odvijaju iza kulisa,
00:54
how our projects actually evolve through adaptation
15
42000
3000
kako naši projekti evoluiraju kroz adaptaciju
00:57
and improvisation.
16
45000
2000
i improvizaciju.
00:59
Sort of through the turmoil and the opportunities
17
47000
2000
Na neki način kroz neprilike i prilike
01:01
and the incidents of the real world.
18
49000
3000
i događaje u stvarnom svetu.
01:04
We call this comic book "Yes is More,"
19
52000
2000
Nazvali smo ovaj strip "'Da' je više".
01:06
which is obviously a sort of evolution of the ideas of some of our heroes.
20
54000
4000
Što je očigledno na neki način evolucija ideja nekih od naših heroja.
01:10
In this case it's Mies van der Rohe's Less is More.
21
58000
3000
U ovom slučaju to je Mis van der Roeovo 'Manje je više'
01:13
He triggered the modernist revolution.
22
61000
2000
On je podstakao modernističku revoluciju.
01:15
After him followed the post-modern counter-revolution,
23
63000
3000
Posle njega sledila je post-modernistička kontrarevolucija.
01:18
Robert Venturi saying, "Less is a bore."
24
66000
3000
Robert Venturi koji kaže 'Manje je dosadno'.
01:21
After him, Philip Johnson sort of introduced
25
69000
2000
Posle njega, Filip Džonson je na neki način uveo
01:23
(Laughter)
26
71000
1000
(Smeh)
01:24
you could say promiscuity, or at least openness
27
72000
2000
možete reći promiskuitet, ili u najmanju ruku otvorenost
01:26
to new ideas with, "I am a whore."
28
74000
2000
prema novim idejama sa 'Ja sam kurva'
01:28
Recently, Obama has introduced optimism
29
76000
3000
Nedavno je Obama uveo optimizam
01:31
at a sort of time of global financial crisis.
30
79000
3000
u vreme globalne finansijske krize.
01:34
And what we'd like to say with "Yes is More"
31
82000
2000
A ono što mi želimo da kažemo sa ''Da' je više'
01:36
is basically trying to question this idea
32
84000
3000
je u suštini da dovedemo u pitanje tu ideju
01:39
that the architectural avant-garde is almost always negatively defined,
33
87000
3000
da arhitektonska avangarda mora skoro uvek biti negativno definisana,
01:42
as who or what we are against.
34
90000
2000
kroz to protiv koga ili protiv čega smo.
01:44
The cliche of the radical architect
35
92000
2000
Kliše radikalnog arhitekte
01:46
is the sort of angry young man rebelling against the establishment.
36
94000
4000
je neka vrsta besnog mladog čoveka koji se protivi establišmentu.
01:50
Or this idea of the misunderstood genius,
37
98000
3000
Ili ideja neshvaćenog genija,
01:53
frustrated that the world doesn't fit in with his or her ideas.
38
101000
4000
frustriranog jer se svet ne uklapa u njegove ili njene ideje.
01:57
Rather than revolution, we're much more interested in evolution,
39
105000
4000
Umesto revolucije, mi smo mnogo više zainteresovani za evoluciju.
02:01
this idea that things gradually evolve
40
109000
2000
Ova ideja da stvari postepeno evoluiraju
02:03
by adapting and improvising
41
111000
2000
improvizujući i prilagođavajući se
02:05
to the changes of the world.
42
113000
2000
promenama u svetu.
02:07
In fact, I actually think that Darwin is one of the people
43
115000
3000
U suštini, mislim da je Darvin bio jedan od ljudi
02:10
who best explains our design process.
44
118000
3000
koji su najbolje objasnili naš proces projektovanja.
02:13
His famous evolutionary tree
45
121000
2000
Njegovo poznato evolutivno grananje
02:15
could almost be a diagram of the way we work.
46
123000
2000
može praktično biti dijagram našeg načina rada.
02:17
As you can see, a project evolves through
47
125000
2000
Kao što možete videti, projekat evoluira
02:19
a series of generations of design meetings.
48
127000
3000
kroz serije iteracija projektnih sastanaka.
02:22
At each meeting, there's way too many ideas.
49
130000
3000
Na svakom sastanku ima previše ideja.
02:25
Only the best ones can survive.
50
133000
2000
Samo najbolje mogu da prežive.
02:27
And through a process of architectural selection,
51
135000
2000
I kroz poces arhitektonske selekcije
02:29
we might choose a really beautiful model
52
137000
3000
možemo da odaberemo zaista lep model.
02:32
or we might have a very functional model.
53
140000
2000
Ili možemo dobiti veoma funkcionalan model.
02:34
We mate them. They have sort of mutant offspring.
54
142000
3000
Mi ih ukrštamo. Oni imaju mutirano potomstvo.
02:37
And through these sort of generations of design meetings
55
145000
3000
I kroz ove različite generacije projektnih sastanaka
02:40
we arrive at a design.
56
148000
2000
mi dođemo do rešenja.
02:42
A very literal way of showing it is a project we did
57
150000
2000
Veoma bukvalan način prikazivanja toga je projekat koji smo radili
02:44
for a library and a hotel in Copenhagen.
58
152000
3000
za biblioteku i hotel u Kopenhagenu
02:47
The design process was really tough,
59
155000
3000
Proces projektovanja je bio veoma naporan,
02:50
almost like a struggle for survival,
60
158000
2000
skoro kao borba za opstanak.
02:52
but gradually an idea evolved:
61
160000
3000
Ali postepeno, ideja je evoluirala.
02:55
this sort of idea of a rational tower
62
163000
2000
Neka vrsta ideje o racionalnoj kuli
02:57
that melts together with the surrounding city,
63
165000
2000
koja se utapa sa gradom koji je okružuje.
02:59
sort of expanding the public space onto what we refer to as
64
167000
3000
Na neki način se javni prostor širi na ono što smo mi nazvali
03:02
a Scandinavian version of the Spanish Steps in Rome,
65
170000
4000
skandinavska verzija Španskih stepenica u Rimu.
03:06
but sort of public on the outside, as well as on the inside,
66
174000
3000
Ali javno spolja, kao i iznutra,
03:09
with the library.
67
177000
2000
sa bibliotekom.
03:11
But Darwin doesn't only explain the evolution of a single idea.
68
179000
3000
Ali Darvin ne bjašnjava samo evoluciju jedne ideje.
03:14
As you can see, sometimes a subspecies branches off.
69
182000
4000
Kao što vidite, nekad se podvrsta izdvoji.
03:18
And quite often we sit in a design meeting
70
186000
2000
Veoma često sedimo na projektantskim sastancima
03:20
and we discover that there is this great idea.
71
188000
2000
i otkrijemo da imamo sjajnu ideju.
03:22
It doesn't really work in this context.
72
190000
2000
Ona ne funkcioniše baš u ovom kontekstu.
03:24
But for another client in another culture,
73
192000
2000
Ali za drugog klijenta u drugoj kulturi
03:26
it could really be the right answer to a different question.
74
194000
3000
može biti pravi odgovor na jedno drugo pitanje.
03:29
So as a result, we never throw anything out.
75
197000
3000
Tako da, kao rezultat, nikad ništa ne bacamo.
03:32
We keep our office almost like an archive
76
200000
2000
Naša kancelarija je kao arhiva
03:34
of architectural biodiversity.
77
202000
3000
arhitektonskog biodiverziteta.
03:37
You never know when you might need it.
78
205000
2000
Nikad ne znate kada vam nešto može zatrebati.
03:39
And what I'd like to do now, in an act of
79
207000
2000
I šta bih sada želeo da uradim,
03:41
warp-speed storytelling,
80
209000
2000
da vam ispričam brzinom svetlosti
03:43
is tell the story of how two projects evolved
81
211000
4000
priču o dva projekta koji su evoluirali
03:47
by adapting and improvising
82
215000
2000
improvizujući i adaptirajući se
03:49
to the happenstance of the world.
83
217000
3000
okolnostima u svetu.
03:52
The first story starts last year when we went to Shanghai
84
220000
2000
Prva priča počinje prošle godine kada smo otišlu u Šangaj
03:54
to do the competition for the Danish
85
222000
2000
da bi učestvovali na konkursu za danski
03:56
National Pavilion for the World Expo in 2010.
86
224000
3000
nacionalni paviljon na Svetskoj izložbi 2010.
03:59
And we saw this guy, Haibao.
87
227000
3000
I videli smo ovog tipa, Haibaa.
04:02
He's the mascot of the expo,
88
230000
2000
On je maskota svetske izložbe.
04:04
and he looks strangely familiar.
89
232000
3000
I izgleda veoma poznato.
04:07
In fact he looked like a building we had designed
90
235000
2000
U stvari, izgledao je kao zgrada koju smo projektovali
04:09
for a hotel in the north of Sweden.
91
237000
3000
za hotel na severu Švedske.
04:12
When we submitted it for the Swedish competition we thought
92
240000
2000
Kada smo predali projekat na švedskom konkursu, mislili smo
04:14
it was a really cool scheme, but it didn't exactly
93
242000
2000
da je to stvarno super koncept. Ali nije baš delovao
04:16
look like something from the north of Sweden.
94
244000
2000
kao nešto sa severa Švedske.
04:18
The Swedish jury didn't think so either. So we lost.
95
246000
4000
Ni švedski žiri nije mislio tako. Tako da smo izgubili.
04:22
But then we had a meeting with a Chinese businessman
96
250000
2000
Ali onda smo imali sastanak sa kineskim biznismenom
04:24
who saw our design and said,
97
252000
2000
koji je video naš dizajn i rekao,
04:26
"Wow, that's the Chinese character for the word 'people.'"
98
254000
3000
'' Vau, ovo je kineski znak za reč narod.''
04:29
(Laughter)
99
257000
2000
(Smeh)
04:31
So, apparently this is how you write "people,"
100
259000
2000
Ispostavilo se da se tako piše 'narod',
04:33
as in the People's Republic of China.
101
261000
2000
kao u 'Narodna Republika Kina'.
04:35
We even double checked.
102
263000
2000
Čak smo i proverili.
04:37
And at the same time, we got invited to exhibit
103
265000
2000
Istovremeno smo bili pozvani da izlažemo
04:39
at the Shanghai Creative Industry Week.
104
267000
2000
na Nedelji kreativne industrije u Šangaju.
04:41
So we thought like, this is too much of an opportunity,
105
269000
3000
Tako da smo pomislili, kako je to savršena prilika.
04:44
so we hired a feng shui master.
106
272000
2000
I angažovali smo stručnjaka za feng šui.
04:46
We scaled the building up three times to Chinese proportions,
107
274000
3000
Povećali smo zgradu tri puta prema kineskim proporcijama,
04:49
and went to China.
108
277000
3000
i otišli u Kinu.
04:52
(Laughter)
109
280000
3000
(Smeh)
04:55
So the People's Building, as we called it.
110
283000
2000
I tako je nastala 'Zgrada naroda', kako smo je nazvali.
04:57
This is our two interpreters, sort of reading the architecture.
111
285000
4000
Ovo su naša dva prevodioca, koji, u neku ruku, čitaju arhitekturu.
05:01
It went on the cover of the Wen Wei Po newspaper,
112
289000
2000
Stigla je do naslovne stranice "Ven Vei Po" novina.
05:03
which got Mr. Liangyu Chen, the mayor of Shanghai,
113
291000
3000
Što je navelo gospodina Lian Ju Čena, gradonačelnika Šangaja
05:06
to visit the exhibition.
114
294000
2000
da poseti izložbu.
05:08
And we had the chance to explain the project.
115
296000
2000
I imali smo priliku da predstavimo projekat.
05:10
And he said, "Shanghai is the city in the world
116
298000
3000
I on je rekao ''Šangaj je svetski grad
05:13
with most skyscrapers,"
117
301000
2000
sa najviše solitera.''
05:15
but to him it was as if the connection to the roots had been cut over.
118
303000
4000
A za njega je to bilo kao da je prekinuta povezanost sa korenima.
05:19
And with the People's Building, he saw an architecture
119
307000
2000
A u "Zgradi Naroda" video je arhitekturu
05:21
that could bridge the gap between the ancient wisdom of China
120
309000
3000
koja je mogla da premosti jaz između drevne kineske mudrosti
05:24
and the progressive future of China.
121
312000
3000
i progresivne budućnosti Kine.
05:27
So we obviously profoundly agreed with him.
122
315000
3000
Tako da smo se mi naravno suštinski složili sa njim.
05:30
(Laughter)
123
318000
4000
(Smeh)
05:34
(Applause)
124
322000
4000
(Aplauz)
05:38
Unfortunately, Mr. Chen is now in prison for corruption.
125
326000
3000
Nažalost, gospodin Čen je sada u zatvoru zbog korupcije.
05:41
(Laughter)
126
329000
4000
(Smeh)
05:45
But like I said, Haibao looked very familiar,
127
333000
2000
Ali kao što sam rekao, Haibao je izgeldao veoma poznato.
05:47
because he is actually the Chinese character for "people."
128
335000
4000
Zato što je on zapravo kineski znak za reč ''narod''.
05:51
And they chose this mascot because
129
339000
2000
I oni su odabrali ovu maskotu zbog toga
05:53
the theme of the expo is "Better City, Better Life."
130
341000
3000
što je tema izložbe ''Bolji grad, bolji život''.
05:56
Sustainability.
131
344000
2000
Održivost.
05:58
And we thought, sustainability has grown into being
132
346000
2000
I mi smo pomislili kako je održivost prerasla u nešto
06:00
this sort of neo-Protestant idea
133
348000
2000
neku vrstu neo-protestantske ideje
06:02
that it has to hurt in order to do good.
134
350000
2000
da mora da boli da bi činilo dobro.
06:04
You know, you're not supposed to take long, warm showers.
135
352000
4000
Znate ono, ne treba da se dugo tuširate toplom vodom.
06:08
You're not supposed to fly on holidays because it's bad for the environment.
136
356000
4000
Ne bi trebalo da idete na odmor avionom jer je to loše za okolinu.
06:12
Gradually, you get this idea that sustainable life
137
360000
3000
Postepeno, dobijete ideju da je održivi život
06:15
is less fun than normal life.
138
363000
2000
manje zabavan od običnog života.
06:17
So we thought that maybe it could be interesting to focus on examples
139
365000
3000
Pa smo pomislili kako bi možda bilo zanimljivo da se fokusiramo na primere
06:20
where a sustainable city
140
368000
2000
održivog grada
06:22
actually increases the quality of life.
141
370000
3000
koji zapravo povećava kvalitet života.
06:25
We also asked ourselves, what could Denmark possibly show China
142
373000
2000
Takođe smo se zapitali šta bi Danska mogla da pokaže Kini
06:27
that would be relevant?
143
375000
2000
što bi bilo relevantno?
06:29
You know, it's one of the biggest countries in the world, one of the smallest.
144
377000
3000
Znate da je jedna najveća država na svetu, a druga jedna od najmanjih.
06:32
China symbolized by the dragon.
145
380000
2000
Simbol Kine je zmaj.
06:34
Denmark, we have a national bird, the swan.
146
382000
3000
U Danskoj, imamo nacionalnu pticu, labuda.
06:37
(Laughter)
147
385000
2000
(Smeh)
06:39
China has many great poets,
148
387000
2000
Kina ima puno velikih pesnika.
06:41
but we discovered that in the People's Republic
149
389000
2000
Ali smo otkrili da u Narodnoj Republici Kini
06:43
public school curriculum,
150
391000
2000
kao deo školske lektire,
06:45
they have three fairy tales by An Tu Sheng,
151
393000
3000
imaju tri bajke An Tu Šunga,
06:48
or Hans Christian Anderson, as we call him.
152
396000
2000
odnosno Hansa Kristijana Andersona, kako ga mi zovemo.
06:50
So that means that all 1.3 billion Chinese
153
398000
3000
To znači da je svih 1.3 milijardi Kineza
06:53
have grown up with "The Emperor's New Clothes,"
154
401000
2000
odraslo sa ''Carevim novim odelom'',
06:55
"The Matchstick Girl" and "The Little Mermaid."
155
403000
3000
''Devojčicom sa šibicama'' i ''Malom sirenom''.
06:58
It's almost like a fragment of Danish culture
156
406000
2000
Skoro kao da je mali deo danske kulture
07:00
integrated into Chinese culture.
157
408000
2000
integrisan u kinesku kulturu.
07:02
The biggest tourist attraction in China is the Great Wall.
158
410000
3000
Najveća turistička atrakcija u Kini je Kineski zid.
07:05
The Great Wall is the only thing that can be seen from the moon.
159
413000
2000
Kineski zid je jedina građevina koja se može videti sa Meseca.
07:07
The big tourist attraction in Denmark is The Little Mermaid.
160
415000
3000
Najveća turistička atrakcija u Danskoj je Mala sirena.
07:10
That can actually hardly be seen from the canal tours.
161
418000
3000
Ona se u suštini jedva može videti iz turističkih brodova sa kanala.
07:13
(Laughter)
162
421000
2000
(Smeh)
07:15
And it sort of shows the difference between these two cities.
163
423000
2000
I to na neki način pokazuje razliku između ova dva grada.
07:17
Copenhagen, Shanghai,
164
425000
2000
Kopenhagen, Šangaj,
07:19
modern, European.
165
427000
2000
moderan, evropski.
07:21
But then we looked at recent urban development,
166
429000
2000
Ali onda smo obratili pažnju na savremeni urbani razvoj.
07:23
and we noticed that this is like a Shanghai street,
167
431000
2000
I primetili smo da je ovo kao ulica Šangaja
07:25
30 years ago. All bikes, no cars.
168
433000
3000
pre 30 godina. Samo bicikli, bez automobila.
07:28
This is how it looks today; all traffic jam.
169
436000
2000
Ovo je kako izgleda danas. Samo zastoji u saobrađaju.
07:30
Bicycles have become forbidden many places.
170
438000
3000
Bicikli su zabranjeni na mnogo mesta.
07:33
Meanwhile, in Copenhagen we're actually expanding the bicycle lanes.
171
441000
3000
Istovremeno, mi u Kopenhagenu proširujemo biciklističke staze.
07:36
A third of all the people commute by bike.
172
444000
3000
Trećina ljudi svakodnevno putuje biciklom.
07:39
We have a free system of bicycles called the City Bike
173
447000
2000
Imamo besplatan sistem bicikala koji se zove 'Siti bajk'.
07:41
that you can borrow if you visit the city.
174
449000
2000
Koje možete da pozajmite kada ste u poseti gradu.
07:43
So we thought, why don't we reintroduce the bicycle in China?
175
451000
4000
Tako da smo pomislili, zašto da ne uvedemo ponovo bicikle u Kinu?
07:47
We donate 1,000 bikes to Shanghai.
176
455000
3000
Doniramo 1000 bicikala Šangaju.
07:50
So if you come to the expo, go straight to the Danish pavilion,
177
458000
3000
Tako da ako posetite izložbu, odete pravo do danskog paviljona.
07:53
get a Danish bike, and then continue on that to visit the other pavilions.
178
461000
4000
Uzmete danski bicikl. I onda na njemu idete dalje da posetite ostale paviljone.
07:57
Like I said, Shanghai and Copenhagen are both port cities,
179
465000
3000
Kao što sam pomenuo, Šangaj i Kopenhagen su oboje lučki gradovi.
08:00
but in Copenhagen the water has gotten so clean
180
468000
2000
Ali u Kopenhagenu voda je postala toliko čista
08:02
that you can actually swim in it.
181
470000
2000
da se možete kupati u njoj.
08:04
One of the first projects we ever did
182
472000
2000
Jedan od naših prvih projekata
08:06
was the harbor bath in Copenhagen,
183
474000
2000
je bilo lučko kupalište u Kopenhagenu.
08:08
sort of continuing the public realm into the water.
184
476000
2000
Na neki način proširenje javnog prostora na vodu.
08:10
So we thought that these expos quite often have a lot of
185
478000
4000
Tako da smo pomislili da ove izložbe često imaju puno
08:14
state financed propaganda,
186
482000
2000
propagande finansirane od strane države,
08:16
images, statements, but no real experience.
187
484000
2000
slika, slogana, ali bez pravog iskustva.
08:18
So just like with a bike, we don't talk about it.
188
486000
2000
Tako da kao i sa biciklom, ne pričamo o tome.
08:20
You can try it.
189
488000
2000
Već možete sami probati.
08:22
Like with the water, instead of talking about it,
190
490000
2000
Kao i sa vodom, umesto da pričamo o njoj
08:24
we're going to sail a million liters of harbor water
191
492000
3000
dopremićemo milion litara lučke vode
08:27
from Copenhagen to Shanghai,
192
495000
2000
iz Kopenhagena u Šangaj.
08:29
so the Chinese who have the courage can actually dive in
193
497000
2000
Tako da Kinezi koji budu imali dovoljno hrabrosti mogu da zarone
08:31
and feel how clean it is.
194
499000
2000
i osete koliko je čista.
08:33
This is where people normally object that it doesn't sound very sustainable
195
501000
3000
Uglavnom zbog ovoga, mnogi prigovaraju da to ne zvuči veoma održivo
08:36
to sail water from Copenhagen to China.
196
504000
3000
da se voda dopremi iz Kopenhagena u Kinu.
08:39
But in fact, the container ships go
197
507000
3000
Ali u suštini, teretni brodovi plove
08:42
full of goods from China to Denmark,
198
510000
3000
puni robe od Kine ka Danskoj.
08:45
and then they sail empty back.
199
513000
2000
I onda plove prazni nazad.
08:47
So quite often you load water for ballast.
200
515000
2000
Tako da često natovare vodu kao balast.
08:49
So we can actually hitch a ride for free.
201
517000
2000
Tako da možemo da dobijemo besplatan prevoz.
08:51
And in the middle of this sort of harbor bath,
202
519000
2000
I u sredini ovog lučkog kupališta
08:53
we're actually going to put the actual Little Mermaid.
203
521000
3000
stavićemo pravu Malu Sirenu.
08:56
So the real Mermaid, the real water, and the real bikes.
204
524000
3000
Prava Sirena, u pravoj vodi, sa pravim biciklima.
08:59
And when she's gone, we're going to invite
205
527000
2000
A dok ona ne bude bila tu, pozvaćemo
09:01
a Chinese artist to reinterpret her.
206
529000
2000
kineskog umetnika da je reinterpretira.
09:03
The architecture of the pavilion is this sort of loop
207
531000
2000
Arhitektura paviljona je vrsta spirale
09:05
of exhibition and bikes.
208
533000
2000
koju čine izložba i bicikli.
09:07
When you go to the exhibition, you'll see the Mermaid and the pool.
209
535000
3000
Kada dođete do izložbe, videđete Sirenu i bazen.
09:10
You'll walk around, start looking for a bicycle on the roof,
210
538000
3000
Prošetaćete unaokolo, i probađete da pronađete bicikl na krovu,
09:13
jump on your ride and then continue out into the rest of the expo.
211
541000
5000
popeti se na njega, i nastaviti sa obilaskom ostatka izložbe.
09:18
So when we actually won the competition
212
546000
2000
Tako da kad smo zaista pobeili na konkursu
09:20
we had to do an exhibition in China explaining the project.
213
548000
3000
morali smo da napraivmo izložbu u Kini da predstavimo svoj projekat.
09:23
And to our surprise we got one of our boards back
214
551000
2000
I, na naše iznenađenje, dobili smo jedan od naših panela nazad
09:25
with corrections from the Chinese state censorship.
215
553000
5000
sa ispavkama od strane kineske državne cenzure.
09:30
The first thing, the China map missed Taiwan.
216
558000
3000
Prva zamerka, mapa Kine nije prikazivala Tajvan.
09:33
It's a very serious political issue in China. We will add on.
217
561000
3000
To je veoma ozbiljno političko pitanje u Kini. Dodaćemo je.
09:36
The second thing, we had compared the swan to the dragon,
218
564000
3000
Druga stvar, uporedili smo labuda sa zmajem.
09:39
and then the Chinese state said,
219
567000
2000
A kineska vlast je rekla:
09:41
"Suggest change to panda."
220
569000
2000
''Predlažemo promenu u pandu.''
09:43
(Laughter)
221
571000
2000
(Smeh)
09:45
(Applause)
222
573000
3000
(Aplauz)
09:48
So, when it came out in Denmark that we were actually going to
223
576000
2000
Kada je obelodanjeno u Danskoj da ćemo mi zaista
09:50
move our national monument,
224
578000
2000
da izmestimo naš nacionalni spomenik,
09:52
the National People's Party sort of rebelled against it.
225
580000
5000
Nacionalna Narodna Stranka je protestovala.
09:57
They tried to pass a law against moving the Mermaid.
226
585000
3000
Pokušali su da proguraju zakon koji zabranjuje premeštanje Sirene.
10:00
So for the first time, I got invited to speak at the National Parliament.
227
588000
3000
Tako sam po prvi put bio pozvan da govorim pred Nacionalnim Parlamentom.
10:03
It was kind of interesting because in the morning, from 9 to 11,
228
591000
4000
To je bilo veoma interesantno jer je ujutru od devet do jedanaest
10:07
they were discussing the bailout package --
229
595000
2000
raspravljano o paketu mera za oporavak ekonomije
10:09
how many billions to invest in saving the Danish economy.
230
597000
3000
i koliko milijardi treba investirati da bi se ona spasila.
10:12
And then at 11 o'clock they stopped talking about these little issues.
231
600000
3000
I onda su u 11 časova prestali da diskutuju o tim trivijalnim pitanjima.
10:15
And then from 11 to 1,
232
603000
2000
i od jedanaest do jedan
10:17
they were debating whether or not to send the Mermaid to China.
233
605000
2000
raspravljali su da li da se Sirena šalje u Kinu.
10:19
(Laughter)
234
607000
2000
(Smeh)
10:21
(Applause)
235
609000
5000
(Aplauz)
10:26
But to conclude, if you want to see the Mermaid from May to December
236
614000
3000
Ali da zaključimo, ukoliko želite da vidite Sirenu između maja i decembra
10:29
next year, don't come to Copenhagen,
237
617000
2000
iduće godine, nemojte dolaziti u Kopenhagen.
10:31
because she's going to be in Shanghai.
238
619000
2000
Jer će ona biti u Šangaju.
10:33
If you do come to Copenhagen,
239
621000
2000
Ako ipak dođete u Kopenhagen
10:35
you will probably see an installation by Ai Weiwei, the Chinese artist.
240
623000
4000
verovatno ćete videti instalaciju Aj Vejveja, kineskog umetnika.
10:39
But if the Chinese government intervenes, it might even be a panda.
241
627000
4000
Ali ako kineska vlada bude intervenisala, možda to bude čak i panda.
10:43
(Laughter)
242
631000
3000
(Smeh)
10:46
So the second story that I'd like to tell
243
634000
3000
Druga priča koju bih voleo da vam ispričam
10:49
is, actually starts in my own house.
244
637000
4000
je, u stvari počinje u mojoj sopstvenoj kući.
10:53
This is my apartment.
245
641000
2000
Ovo je moj stan.
10:55
This is the view from my apartment,
246
643000
2000
Ovo je pogled iz moga stana.
10:57
over the sort of landscape of triangular balconies
247
645000
3000
Preko neke vrste reljefa od trouglastih terasa.
11:00
that our client called the Leonardo DiCaprio balcony.
248
648000
3000
koje je naš klijent nazvao 'Leonardo di Kaprio balkoni'.
11:03
And they form this sort of vertical backyard
249
651000
6000
I oni formiraju neku vrstu vertikalnog dvorišta.
11:09
where, on a nice summer day, you'll actually get introduced to all your neighbors
250
657000
2000
Gde, po sunčanom danu, možete upoznati sve svoje susede
11:11
in a vertical radius of 10 meters.
251
659000
3000
u vertikalnom radijusu od 10 metara.
11:14
The house is sort of a distortion of a square block.
252
662000
3000
Kuća je neka vrsta dekonstruisanog pravougaonog bloka.
11:17
Trying to zigzag it to make sure
253
665000
2000
On je isečen u cik-cak kako bi se osiguralo
11:19
that all of the apartments look at the straight views,
254
667000
2000
da svi stanovi imaju direktan pogled na okruženje
11:21
instead of into each other.
255
669000
2000
a ne jedni na druge.
11:23
Until recently, this was the view from my apartment,
256
671000
3000
Donedavno, ovo je bio pogled iz mog stana.
11:26
onto this place where our client actually bought the neighbor site.
257
674000
4000
Dok naš klijent nije kupio susednu parcelu.
11:30
And he said that he was going to do an apartment block
258
678000
3000
I rekao da hoće da izgradi stambeni blok
11:33
next to a parking structure.
259
681000
2000
i veliki parking.
11:35
And we thought, rather than doing a traditional stack of apartments
260
683000
3000
A mi smo pomislili, zašto ne bi, umesto tradicionalnog bloka stanova,
11:38
looking straight into a big boring block of cars,
261
686000
3000
koji gledaju pravo na veliki dosadni parking,
11:41
why don't we turn all the apartments into penthouses,
262
689000
3000
zašto ne bi pretvorili sve stanove u potkrovlja,
11:44
put them on a podium of cars.
263
692000
2000
i stavili ih na podijum od automobila.
11:46
And because Copenhagen is completely flat,
264
694000
2000
I pošto je Kopenhagen potpuno ravan,
11:48
if you want to have a nice south-facing slope with a view,
265
696000
2000
ako hoćete lepu južnu padinu sa pogledom,
11:50
you basically have to do it yourself.
266
698000
2000
morate sami da je napravite.
11:52
Then we sort of cut up the volume,
267
700000
3000
Onda smo nekako isekli volumen,
11:55
so we wouldn't block the view from my apartment.
268
703000
2000
kako ne bi blokirali pogled iz mog stana.
11:57
(Laughter)
269
705000
4000
(Smeh)
12:01
And essentially the parking is sort of occupying the deep space
270
709000
3000
I parking u suštini okupira donji prostor
12:04
underneath the apartments.
271
712000
2000
ispod stanova.
12:06
And up in the sun, you have a single layer of apartments
272
714000
3000
A gore na suncu, imate jedan sloj stanova,
12:09
that combine all the splendors of a suburban lifestyle,
273
717000
3000
koji kombinuju sve prednosti života na periferiji,
12:12
like a house with a garden with a sort of metropolitan view,
274
720000
4000
kao što su kuća sa baštom sa pogledom na grad,
12:16
and a sort of dense urban location.
275
724000
3000
i neka vrsta guste urbane lokacije.
12:19
This is our first architectural model.
276
727000
2000
Ovo je naš prvi arhitektonski model.
12:21
This is an aerial photo taken last summer.
277
729000
3000
Ovo je snimak iz vazduha snimljen prošlog leta.
12:24
And essentially, the apartments cover the parking.
278
732000
3000
I u suštini, stanovi pokrivaju parking.
12:27
They are accessed through this diagonal elevator.
279
735000
3000
Njima se prilazi preko dijagonalnog lifta.
12:30
It's actually a stand-up product from Switzerland,
280
738000
2000
Koji je zapravo standardni proizvod u Švajcarskoj.
12:32
because in Switzerland they have a natural need for diagonal elevators.
281
740000
4000
Jer u Švajcarskoj imaju prirodnu potrebu za dijagonalnim liftovima.
12:36
(Laughter)
282
744000
2000
(Smeh)
12:38
And the facade of the parking,
283
746000
2000
A fasadu parkinga
12:40
we wanted to make the parking naturally ventilated,
284
748000
3000
smo hteli da učinimo prirodno ventilirajućom.
12:43
so we needed to perforate it.
285
751000
2000
Tako da smo morali da je perforiramo.
12:45
And we discovered that by controlling the size of the holes,
286
753000
2000
I otkirli smo da kontrolisanjem dimenzija otvora
12:47
we could actually turn the entire facade
287
755000
2000
možemo pretvoriti celu fasadu
12:49
into a gigantic, naturally ventilated,
288
757000
3000
u ogromnu, prirodno ventiliranu
12:52
rasterized image.
289
760000
2000
rasterizovanu sliku
12:54
And since we always refer to the project as The Mountain,
290
762000
3000
i, obzirom da smo od samog starta projekat nazvali 'Planina',
12:57
we commissioned this Japanese Himalaya photographer
291
765000
2000
angažovali smo japanskog fotografa Himalaja
12:59
to give us this beautiful photo of Mount Everest,
292
767000
3000
koji nam je dao ovu prelepu fotografiju Maunt Everesta,
13:02
making the entire building a 3,000 square meter artwork.
293
770000
4000
koja je celu zgradu pretvorila u umetničko delo od 3,000 kvardatnih metara.
13:06
(Applause)
294
774000
6000
(Aplauz)
13:12
So if you go back into the parking, into the corridors,
295
780000
3000
Tako da ako se vratite na parking, u hodnike,
13:15
it's almost like traveling into a parallel universe
296
783000
2000
to je kao da putujete iz paralelnog sveta
13:17
from cars and colors,
297
785000
2000
sačinjenog od automobila i boja,
13:19
into this sort of south-facing urban oasis.
298
787000
3000
u neku vrstu urbane oaze okrenute prema jugu.
13:22
The wood of your apartment continues outside becoming the facades.
299
790000
4000
Drvo se iz vašeg stana produžava napolje, postajući fasada.
13:26
If you go even further, it turns into this green garden.
300
794000
3000
A ako gledate još dalje, pretvara se u zelenu baštu.
13:29
And all the rainwater that drops on the Mountain
301
797000
2000
I sva voda koja padne na "Planinu"
13:31
is actually accumulated.
302
799000
2000
se akumulira.
13:33
And there is an automatic irrigation system
303
801000
3000
I postoji automatizovani sistem navodnjavanja
13:36
that makes sure that this sort of landscape of gardens,
304
804000
3000
koji osigurava da će se ovaj predeo od bašti
13:39
in one or two years it will sort of transform
305
807000
2000
za godinu ili dve tranformisati
13:41
into a Cambodian temple ruin,
306
809000
2000
u ostatke kambodžanskog hrama,
13:43
completely covered in green.
307
811000
2000
potpuno pokrivene zelenilom.
13:45
So, the Mountain is like our first built example
308
813000
3000
Tako da je "Planina", naš prvi izgrađeni primer
13:48
of what we like to refer to as architectural alchemy.
309
816000
3000
nečega što mi želimo da zovemo arhitektonska alhemija.
13:51
This idea that you can actually create, if not gold,
310
819000
2000
Ideja da možete zaista napraviti, ako ne zlato
13:53
then at least added value by mixing
311
821000
2000
onda bar nešto bolje mešajući
13:55
traditional ingredients, like normal apartments
312
823000
2000
tradicionalne sastojke, kao što su normalni stanovi
13:57
and normal parking,
313
825000
2000
i normalan parking,
13:59
and in this case actually offer people
314
827000
2000
i, u ovom slučaju, ponuditi ljudima
14:01
the chance that they don't have to choose between
315
829000
2000
priliku da ne moraju da biraju između
14:03
a life with a garden or a life in the city.
316
831000
2000
života sa baštom i života u gradu.
14:05
They can actually have both.
317
833000
4000
Mogu imati i jedno i drugo.
14:09
As an architect, it's really hard to set the agenda.
318
837000
4000
Arhitekti je veoma teško da napravi čvrst plan.
14:13
You can't just say that now I'd like to do a sustainable city
319
841000
2000
Ne možete samo reći da želite da napravite održivi grad
14:15
in central Asia,
320
843000
2000
u centralnoj Aziji.
14:17
because that's not really how you get commissions.
321
845000
3000
Jer zapravo ne dobijate tako poslove.
14:20
You always have to sort of adapt and improvise
322
848000
4000
Morate se uvek prilagođavati i improvizovati
14:24
to the opportunities and accidents that happen,
323
852000
2000
prema prilikama i slučajnostima na koje ćete naići,
14:26
and the sort of turmoil of the world.
324
854000
4000
i konstantnim promenama u svetu.
14:30
One last example is that recently we,
325
858000
2000
Jedan poslednji primer
14:32
like last summer, we won the competition
326
860000
3000
je skorašnji konkurs na kome smo pobedili prošlog leta
14:35
to design a Nordic national bank.
327
863000
3000
za projekat nordijske nacionalne banke.
14:38
This was the director of the bank when he was still smiling.
328
866000
4000
Ovo je bio direktor banke dok se još smešio.
14:42
(Laughter)
329
870000
2000
(Smeh)
14:44
It was in the middle of the capital so we were really excited by this opportunity.
330
872000
3000
Bila je u centru glavnog grada, tako da smo bili veoma uzbuđeni.
14:47
Unfortunately, it was the national bank of Iceland.
331
875000
5000
Nazalost, to je bila nacionalna banka Islanda.
14:52
At the same time, we actually had a visitor --
332
880000
3000
U to vreme smo imali posetu
14:55
a minister from Azerbaijan came to our office.
333
883000
3000
ministar iz Azerbejdžana je došao u našu kancelariju.
14:58
We took him to see the Mountain. And he got very excited
334
886000
3000
Odveli smo ga da vidi "Planinu". I on je bio veoma ushićen
15:01
by this idea that you could actually make mountains
335
889000
2000
idejom da možete zaista praviti planine
15:03
out of architecture,
336
891000
2000
arhitekturom.
15:05
because Azerbaijan is known as the Alps of Central Asia.
337
893000
3000
Jer je Azerbejdžan poznat kao Alpi Centralne Azije.
15:08
So he asked us if we could actually imagine
338
896000
2000
Tako da nas je pitao možemo li da zamislimo
15:10
an urban master plan
339
898000
2000
urbanistički plan
15:12
on an island outside the capital
340
900000
2000
na ostrvu izvan glavnog grada
15:14
that would recreate the silhouette of the seven most significant mountains
341
902000
3000
koji bi oponašao siluetu sedam najvažnijih planina
15:17
of Azerbaijan.
342
905000
2000
Azerbejdžana.
15:19
So we took the commission.
343
907000
2000
Tako da smo prihvatili taj posao.
15:21
And we made this small movie that I'd like to show.
344
909000
3000
I napravili smo jedan mali film koji bih voleo da vam prikažem.
15:24
We quite often make little movies.
345
912000
2000
Mi često pravimo male filmove.
15:26
We always argue a lot about the soundtrack,
346
914000
2000
I uvek se svađamo oko muzike.
15:28
but in this case it was really easy to choose the song.
347
916000
4000
Ali u ovom slučaju je bilo veoma jednostavno odabrati pesmu.
15:37
So basically, Baku is this sort of crescent bay
348
925000
2000
Baku je u sustini zaliv u obliku polumeseca
15:39
overlooking the island of Zira, the island that we are planning --
349
927000
3000
koji gleda na ostrvo Zira, ostrvo koje je predmet našeg plana.
15:42
almost like the diagram of their flag.
350
930000
3000
Skoro kao dijagram njihove zastave.
15:45
And our main idea was
351
933000
2000
I naša glavna ideja je bila
15:47
to sort of sample the seven most significant mountains
352
935000
3000
da semplujemo sedam najvažnijih planina
15:50
of the topography of Azerbaijan
353
938000
3000
topografije Azerbejdžana.
15:53
and reinterpret them into urban and architectural structures,
354
941000
3000
I reinpretiramo ih u urbanim i arhitektonskim strukturama,
15:56
inhabitable of human life.
355
944000
3000
koje naseljavaju ljudi.
15:59
Then we place these mountains on the island,
356
947000
3000
Onda ćemo postaviti ove planine na ostrvo,
16:02
surrounding this sort of central green valley,
357
950000
2000
tako da okružuju ovu nekakvu centralnu zelenu dolinu.
16:04
almost like a central park.
358
952000
3000
Skoro kao Central park.
16:07
And what makes it interesting is that the island right now
359
955000
2000
I ono što celu stvar čini zanimljivom je da je ovo ostrvo trenutno
16:09
is just a piece of desert. It has no vegetation.
360
957000
2000
samo pustinja. Nema vegetacije.
16:11
It has no water. It has no energy, no resources.
361
959000
4000
Nema vode. Nema energije, nema resursa.
16:15
So we actually sort of designed the entire island as a single ecosystem,
362
963000
4000
Tako da smo mi zapravo celo ostrvo dizajnirali kao jedinstveni ekosistem,
16:19
exploiting wind energy to drive the desalination plants,
363
967000
4000
koristeći energiju vetra za pokretanje postrojenja za desalinizaciju,
16:23
and to use the thermal properties of water
364
971000
2000
i termičke karakteristike vode
16:25
to heat and cool the buildings.
365
973000
2000
za grejanje i hlađenje objekata.
16:27
And all the sort of excess freshwater wastewater
366
975000
3000
I sva suvišna otpadna voda
16:30
is filtered organically into the landscape,
367
978000
3000
se organski filtrira kroz zelenilo,
16:33
gradually transforming the desert island
368
981000
2000
postepeno pretvarajući pustinjsko ostrvo
16:35
into sort of a green, lush landscape.
369
983000
4000
u zeleni, bujni pejzaž.
16:39
So, you can say where an urban development
370
987000
3000
Tako da možete reći da urbani razvoj
16:42
normally happens at the expense of nature,
371
990000
4000
do koga obično dolazi na račun prirode,
16:46
in this case it's actually creating nature.
372
994000
4000
u ovom slučaju zapravo stvara prirodu.
16:50
And the buildings, they don't only sort of
373
998000
3000
I zgrade, one ne samo da
16:53
invoke the imagery of the mountains,
374
1001000
3000
evociraju oblike planina.
16:56
they also operate like mountains.
375
1004000
2000
One takođe i funkcionišu kao planine.
16:58
They create shelter from the wind.
376
1006000
2000
One prave zavetrinu.
17:00
They accumulate the solar energy.
377
1008000
2000
One akumuliraju solarnu energiju.
17:02
They accumulate the water.
378
1010000
2000
One akumuliraju vodu.
17:04
So they actually transform the entire island
379
1012000
2000
Tako da one zapravo transformišu celo ostrvo
17:06
into a single ecosystem.
380
1014000
5000
u jedinstveni ekosistem.
17:11
So we recently presented the master plan,
381
1019000
3000
Tako da smo nedavno prezentovali urbanistički plan.
17:14
and it has gotten approved.
382
1022000
2000
I bio je odobren.
17:16
And this summer we are starting the construction documents
383
1024000
3000
I ovog leta pocinjemo sa izradom izvođačkog projekta
17:19
of the two first mountains,
384
1027000
2000
za prve dve planine,
17:21
in what's going to be the first carbon-neutral island
385
1029000
4000
na nečemu što će biti prvo ostrvo bez prekomerne emisije ugljenikovih okdsida
17:25
in Central Asia.
386
1033000
3000
u Centralnoj Aziji.
17:28
(Applause)
387
1036000
9000
(Aplauz)
17:37
Yes, maybe just to round off.
388
1045000
2000
Da, možda da zaokružimo.
17:39
So in a way you can see how the Mountain in Copenhagen
389
1047000
3000
Na neki način možete videti kako je "Planina" u Kopenhagenu
17:42
sort of evolved into the Seven Peaks of Azerbaijan.
390
1050000
3000
na neki način evoluirala u "Sedam Vrhova" u Azerbejdžanu.
17:45
With a little luck and some more evolution,
391
1053000
3000
Sa malo sreće i malo više evolucije
17:48
maybe in 10 years it could be the Five Mountains on Mars.
392
1056000
4000
možda će za 10 godina to biti "Pet Planina" na Marsu.
17:52
Thank you.
393
1060000
2000
Hvala Vam.
17:54
(Applause)
394
1062000
11000
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bjarke Ingels - ArchitectTheory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings.
Why you should listen
Bjarke Ingels is principal of BIG, based in Copenhagen. An alumnus of Rem Koolhaas' OMA practice, Ingels takes a similar approach: experimenting with pure space, but never losing sight of the building as a solution to a real-world problem. His manifesto "Yes Is More" takes the form of a giant cartoon strip, 130 meters long, that reminds people to keep thinking big -- to see all our modern problems as challenges that inspire us. (The manifesto is now available in comic-book form.)
His deeply-thought-out and often rather large works -- including several skyscrapers and mixed-use projects in a developing section of Copenhagen, plus a project for a new commercial harbor-island -- work to bring coherence to the urban fabric and to help their occupants and users lead better lives. His most famous works include: the Stavanger Concert House, Tallinn’s city hall and the VM Houses. He recently won a competition to design Copenhagen’s waste-to-energy plant with a design that will place a ski slope on top of the structure.
Bjarke Ingels | Speaker | TED.com