TEDGlobal 2009
Bjarke Ingels: 3 warp-speed architecture tales
比雅克 英格斯: 飞速讲述三个建筑故事
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丹麦建筑师比雅克 英格斯通过混杂的照片/视频故事飞快地讲述了他凸显绿色生态的设计。他的建筑不光看起来贴近自然 - 它们用起来也自然：挡风，吸收光能 -- 而且创造了令人震撼的景观。
Bjarke Ingels - Architect
Theory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings. Full bio
Theory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The public debate about architecture
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关于建筑的公开讨论
00:14
quite often just stays on contemplating the final result,
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经常是停留在对最终结果的揣摩上，
00:18
the architectural object.
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也就是建筑物本身。
00:20
Is the latest tower in London
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伦敦最新的塔是像
00:23
a gherkin or a sausage
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小黄瓜或香肠，
00:25
or a sex tool?
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还是性用具?
00:27
So recently, we asked ourselves
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所以最近我们问自己
00:30
if we could invent a format
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我们是否可以发明一种模式
00:32
that could actually tell the stories behind the projects,
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能够实际上讲述项目背后的故事。
00:35
maybe combining images and drawings and words
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也许结合影像、 图画还有文字
00:38
to actually sort of tell stories about architecture.
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来讲述关于建筑的故事。
00:42
And we discovered that we didn't have to invent it,
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我们发现其实我们不用发明这种模式，
00:45
it already existed in the form of a comic book.
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它已经以漫画书的形式存在了。
00:49
So we basically copied the format of the comic book
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所以我们基本上就是复制了漫画书的模式。
00:52
to actually tell the stories of behind the scenes,
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实际上我们是在讲述背后的故事，
00:54
how our projects actually evolve through adaptation
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我们的项目是如何通过调整而演进的
00:57
and improvisation.
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以及如何即兴发挥的。
00:59
Sort of through the turmoil and the opportunities
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通过混乱和机会
01:01
and the incidents of the real world.
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以及现实世界的偶然事件。
01:04
We call this comic book "Yes is More,"
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我们管这个漫画书叫“是就是多”。(yes is more这个观念是指，你不是非得反对任何其他人才能成为激进份子，事实上你可以将愉快带入其中。
01:06
which is obviously a sort of evolution of the ideas of some of our heroes.
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这明显是在我们一些英雄人物的思想基础上的一种进化。
01:10
In this case it's Mies van der Rohe's Less is More.
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在这里就是米斯.范.德罗的“少至无可再上”（即已近极简，再试图减少就是多余了）。
01:13
He triggered the modernist revolution.
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他启动了现代主义的革命。
01:15
After him followed the post-modern counter-revolution,
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他之后紧接着是后现代的反革命，
01:18
Robert Venturi saying, "Less is a bore."
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罗伯特.文丘理说“少就是无聊”（即推崇丰富性和矛盾性）。
01:21
After him, Philip Johnson sort of introduced
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之后菲利普.约翰森宣称（屏幕上出现“我是妓女”）
01:23
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:24
you could say promiscuity, or at least openness
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你也可以说是放荡，或者至少是开放。
01:26
to new ideas with, "I am a whore."
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以“我是妓女”的姿态面对新思想。
01:28
Recently, Obama has introduced optimism
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最近奥巴马提出了乐观主义，
01:31
at a sort of time of global financial crisis.
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在这个差不多是全球金融危机的时候。
01:34
And what we'd like to say with "Yes is More"
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我们用“是就是多”想要表达的，
01:36
is basically trying to question this idea
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基本上就是试图挑战
01:39
that the architectural avant-garde is almost always negatively defined,
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前卫建筑几乎总是通过
01:42
as who or what we are against.
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反对什么人和什么思想来界定的观点。
01:44
The cliche of the radical architect
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陈旧的观点认为所谓激进的建筑师
01:46
is the sort of angry young man rebelling against the establishment.
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就是愤怒的年轻人对现有的秩序进行反叛，
01:50
Or this idea of the misunderstood genius,
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或者是被误解的天才
01:53
frustrated that the world doesn't fit in with his or her ideas.
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因为世界不合他的理想而备受挫折。
01:57
Rather than revolution, we're much more interested in evolution,
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我们对演进而不是革命更感兴趣，
02:01
this idea that things gradually evolve
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我们认为事物是逐渐演化的，
02:03
by adapting and improvising
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通过自我调整和发挥
02:05
to the changes of the world.
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来适应世界的变化。
02:07
In fact, I actually think that Darwin is one of the people
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实际上，我认为达尔文才是
02:10
who best explains our design process.
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最好的阐述了我们的设计流程的人之一。
02:13
His famous evolutionary tree
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他著名的进化树
02:15
could almost be a diagram of the way we work.
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几乎可以当作我们工作的图解。
02:17
As you can see, a project evolves through
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如你所见，一个项目
02:19
a series of generations of design meetings.
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通过一系列分代的设计会议演进。
02:22
At each meeting, there's way too many ideas.
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每次例会都有太多的创意。
02:25
Only the best ones can survive.
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只有最好那些的才能保留下来。
02:27
And through a process of architectural selection,
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通过一个建筑筛选的过程
02:29
we might choose a really beautiful model
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我们可能选择一个非常漂亮的模型
02:32
or we might have a very functional model.
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也可能选择功能性很强的模型。
02:34
We mate them. They have sort of mutant offspring.
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我们让它们互相杂交，它们就有了突变的后代。
02:37
And through these sort of generations of design meetings
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通过这样代代演进的设计会议
02:40
we arrive at a design.
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我们抵达了最终的设计方案。
02:42
A very literal way of showing it is a project we did
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可以用我们做过的一个项目来非常贴切的展示这个过程，
02:44
for a library and a hotel in Copenhagen.
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这个项目包括哥本哈根的一个图书馆和酒店。
02:47
The design process was really tough,
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设计过程非常艰难，
02:50
almost like a struggle for survival,
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几乎就像是为生存而抗争。
02:52
but gradually an idea evolved:
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但是逐渐的想法在演进。
02:55
this sort of idea of a rational tower
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这是一个理性之塔 (演讲者口误，实际应为旋转的塔 rotational tower)
02:57
that melts together with the surrounding city,
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与周边城市环境的融合。
02:59
sort of expanding the public space onto what we refer to as
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也就是把公共空间扩展到我们所说的
03:02
a Scandinavian version of the Spanish Steps in Rome,
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一个北欧版的罗马西班牙台阶。
03:06
but sort of public on the outside, as well as on the inside,
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但是除了外面是公共空间，内部也有公共空间
03:09
with the library.
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作为图书馆。
03:11
But Darwin doesn't only explain the evolution of a single idea.
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但是达尔文不仅解释了一个单独创意的进化。
03:14
As you can see, sometimes a subspecies branches off.
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就像这里看到的，有时候一些亚种形成了分支。
03:18
And quite often we sit in a design meeting
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经常在设计讨论中间
03:20
and we discover that there is this great idea.
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我们发现一个很好的想法，
03:22
It doesn't really work in this context.
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可能并不适合现有的情形，
03:24
But for another client in another culture,
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但是对另外一个有着不同文化背景的客户来说
03:26
it could really be the right answer to a different question.
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这可能是对另一个不同问题的正确解答。
03:29
So as a result, we never throw anything out.
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所以，我们从来不抛弃任何东西。
03:32
We keep our office almost like an archive
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我们把办公室几乎当成了
03:34
of architectural biodiversity.
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建筑生态多样化的档案室。
03:37
You never know when you might need it.
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你永远不知道你什么时候可能用得着。
03:39
And what I'd like to do now, in an act of
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我们现在想要做的是，
03:41
warp-speed storytelling,
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以飞快的速度，
03:43
is tell the story of how two projects evolved
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讲两个项目是如何演进的，
03:47
by adapting and improvising
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通过对偶发事件的
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to the happenstance of the world.
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自由发挥和自我调适。
03:52
The first story starts last year when we went to Shanghai
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第一个故事始于去年我们去上海
03:54
to do the competition for the Danish
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参加丹麦
03:56
National Pavilion for the World Expo in 2010.
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2010年世博会的国家展馆的设计竞赛。
03:59
And we saw this guy, Haibao.
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我们见到了这个家伙，海宝。
04:02
He's the mascot of the expo,
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他是博览会的吉祥物。
04:04
and he looks strangely familiar.
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看起来出奇的眼熟。
04:07
In fact he looked like a building we had designed
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实际上他看上去像我们设计的
04:09
for a hotel in the north of Sweden.
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一个瑞典北部的酒店。
04:12
When we submitted it for the Swedish competition we thought
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当我们向瑞典业主提交那个方案的时候我们觉得
04:14
it was a really cool scheme, but it didn't exactly
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它确实是一个很酷的方案，但是实际上并不像
04:16
look like something from the north of Sweden.
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瑞典北部的东西。
04:18
The Swedish jury didn't think so either. So we lost.
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瑞典的评委也不这么看，所以我们落选了。
04:22
But then we had a meeting with a Chinese businessman
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但是之后我们见了一个中国商人，
04:24
who saw our design and said,
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他看到了我们的设计并且说：
04:26
"Wow, that's the Chinese character for the word 'people.'"
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“哇，这是汉字里的人字。”
04:29
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:31
So, apparently this is how you write "people,"
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很显然，在中国
04:33
as in the People's Republic of China.
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“人”字是这样写的。
04:35
We even double checked.
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我们甚至还专门确认了一下。
04:37
And at the same time, we got invited to exhibit
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与此同时，我们也被邀请参加
04:39
at the Shanghai Creative Industry Week.
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在上海创意产业周举行的展览。
04:41
So we thought like, this is too much of an opportunity,
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我们觉得这真是一个机会。
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so we hired a feng shui master.
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于是我们雇了一个风水大师。
04:46
We scaled the building up three times to Chinese proportions,
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我们按照中文的比例把建筑放大了三倍，
04:49
and went to China.
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然后去了中国。
04:52
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:55
So the People's Building, as we called it.
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我们管它叫人民的楼。
04:57
This is our two interpreters, sort of reading the architecture.
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这是我们的两个翻译员，对建筑的解读。
05:01
It went on the cover of the Wen Wei Po newspaper,
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它上了文汇报的头版。
05:03
which got Mr. Liangyu Chen, the mayor of Shanghai,
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这吸引了上海市长陈良宇
05:06
to visit the exhibition.
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去参观展览。
05:08
And we had the chance to explain the project.
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我们也有机会解释这个项目。
05:10
And he said, "Shanghai is the city in the world
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他说，“上海是世界上
05:13
with most skyscrapers,"
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摩天楼最多的城市。”
05:15
but to him it was as if the connection to the roots had been cut over.
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但是对他来说与根脉的联系好像被切断了。
05:19
And with the People's Building, he saw an architecture
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通过人民的楼他看到了
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that could bridge the gap between the ancient wisdom of China
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一种可以将古代中国的智慧
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and the progressive future of China.
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与未来中国前进沟通的建筑。
05:27
So we obviously profoundly agreed with him.
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所以我们当然很深刻地表示同意。
05:30
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:34
(Applause)
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（掌声）
05:38
Unfortunately, Mr. Chen is now in prison for corruption.
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不幸的是陈先生现在因为腐败已经进了监狱。
05:41
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:45
But like I said, Haibao looked very familiar,
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不过正如我说的，海宝看上去非常熟悉，
05:47
because he is actually the Chinese character for "people."
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因为他实际上是汉字中的人。
05:51
And they chose this mascot because
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他们选择这个做为吉祥物是因为
05:53
the theme of the expo is "Better City, Better Life."
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博览会的主题是“城市，让生活更美好。”
05:56
Sustainability.
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可持续发展。
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And we thought, sustainability has grown into being
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我们觉得可持续发展已经变成
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this sort of neo-Protestant idea
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这种清教徒式的想法，
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that it has to hurt in order to do good.
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一定要经受痛苦才能积善。
06:04
You know, you're not supposed to take long, warm showers.
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你知道，你不应该冲太长时间的热水澡，
06:08
You're not supposed to fly on holidays because it's bad for the environment.
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你不应该乘飞机去度假，因为破坏环境，
06:12
Gradually, you get this idea that sustainable life
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逐渐的你就会形成这种想法，可持续性的生活
06:15
is less fun than normal life.
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比正常的生活要少一些乐趣。
06:17
So we thought that maybe it could be interesting to focus on examples
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所以我们想把重点放在一些实例上也许比较有趣，
06:20
where a sustainable city
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来展示一个可持续发展的城市
06:22
actually increases the quality of life.
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实际上提升了生活的质量。
06:25
We also asked ourselves, what could Denmark possibly show China
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我们也问自己丹麦有什么可以展示给中国的
06:27
that would be relevant?
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而且是相关的？
06:29
You know, it's one of the biggest countries in the world, one of the smallest.
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一个是世界上最大的国家之一，一个是最小的。
06:32
China symbolized by the dragon.
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中国以龙为象征；
06:34
Denmark, we have a national bird, the swan.
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丹麦，我们有国鸟，天鹅。
06:37
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
06:39
China has many great poets,
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中国有很多伟大的诗人。
06:41
but we discovered that in the People's Republic
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但是我们发现在人民共和国
06:43
public school curriculum,
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公立学校的课程里，
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they have three fairy tales by An Tu Sheng,
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他们有三篇安徒生写的童话，
06:48
or Hans Christian Anderson, as we call him.
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我们叫汉斯.克里斯蒂安.安德森。
06:50
So that means that all 1.3 billion Chinese
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这也就是说13亿中国人
06:53
have grown up with "The Emperor's New Clothes,"
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都是读皇帝的新装、
06:55
"The Matchstick Girl" and "The Little Mermaid."
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卖火柴的小女孩、小美人鱼长大的。
06:58
It's almost like a fragment of Danish culture
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这几乎就是丹麦文化的一个片段
07:00
integrated into Chinese culture.
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整合到了中国文化里。
07:02
The biggest tourist attraction in China is the Great Wall.
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中国游客最多的景点是长城，
07:05
The Great Wall is the only thing that can be seen from the moon.
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长城是唯一能在月球上看到的东西。
07:07
The big tourist attraction in Denmark is The Little Mermaid.
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丹麦最有名的景点是小美人鱼，
07:10
That can actually hardly be seen from the canal tours.
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在运河的游览路线中几乎看不见。
07:13
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:15
And it sort of shows the difference between these two cities.
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这也算是体现了两个城市的不同，
07:17
Copenhagen, Shanghai,
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哥本哈根和上海，
07:19
modern, European.
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现代的，欧洲的。
07:21
But then we looked at recent urban development,
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但是我们又观察了最近的城市建设，
07:23
and we noticed that this is like a Shanghai street,
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我们注意到这就像是30年前，
07:25
30 years ago. All bikes, no cars.
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上海的街道。全是自行车，没有小汽车。
07:28
This is how it looks today; all traffic jam.
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这是现在的样子，全是交通堵赛。
07:30
Bicycles have become forbidden many places.
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很多地方禁止通行自行车。
07:33
Meanwhile, in Copenhagen we're actually expanding the bicycle lanes.
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这时候在哥本哈根我们实际上在拓宽自行车道，
07:36
A third of all the people commute by bike.
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三分之一的人骑车通勤。
07:39
We have a free system of bicycles called the City Bike
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我们有一种免费自行车系统叫做城市自行车，
07:41
that you can borrow if you visit the city.
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如果你造访这个城市可以借来骑。
07:43
So we thought, why don't we reintroduce the bicycle in China?
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所以我们想，为什么不把自行车重新引入中国？
07:47
We donate 1,000 bikes to Shanghai.
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我们给上海捐了1000辆自行车。
07:50
So if you come to the expo, go straight to the Danish pavilion,
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所以如果你来到世博会，直接去丹麦馆
07:53
get a Danish bike, and then continue on that to visit the other pavilions.
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取一辆丹麦自行车，然后骑车继续参观其他馆。
07:57
Like I said, Shanghai and Copenhagen are both port cities,
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正如我说过的，上海和哥本哈根都是港口城市。
08:00
but in Copenhagen the water has gotten so clean
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但是在哥本哈根，水很清，
08:02
that you can actually swim in it.
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你甚至可以在里面游泳。
08:04
One of the first projects we ever did
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我们做的最早的一批项目之一
08:06
was the harbor bath in Copenhagen,
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就是哥本哈根海港浴，
08:08
sort of continuing the public realm into the water.
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也可以说是公共领域扩展到了水域。
08:10
So we thought that these expos quite often have a lot of
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我们觉得这种展览往往包含了很多
08:14
state financed propaganda,
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国家资助的宣传，
08:16
images, statements, but no real experience.
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图片，声明，但是没有真正的体验。
08:18
So just like with a bike, we don't talk about it.
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就像是有一辆单车，我们不是去谈论它，
08:20
You can try it.
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因为你可以试骑。
08:22
Like with the water, instead of talking about it,
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比如关于水，与其只是口头谈论，
08:24
we're going to sail a million liters of harbor water
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我们要把一百万升港口的水
08:27
from Copenhagen to Shanghai,
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从哥本哈根船运到上海。
08:29
so the Chinese who have the courage can actually dive in
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所以有胆量的中国人可以跳进去，
08:31
and feel how clean it is.
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感受一下水有多清。
08:33
This is where people normally object that it doesn't sound very sustainable
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这部分是人们通常会反对的，听上去不是很环保，
08:36
to sail water from Copenhagen to China.
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从哥本哈根运水到中国。
08:39
But in fact, the container ships go
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但实际上货船
08:42
full of goods from China to Denmark,
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载满货物从中国到丹麦，
08:45
and then they sail empty back.
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然后空船返回，
08:47
So quite often you load water for ballast.
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经常要装水来稳定船只。
08:49
So we can actually hitch a ride for free.
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所以我们实际上可以免费搭船。
08:51
And in the middle of this sort of harbor bath,
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而且在这个海港浴的中间，
08:53
we're actually going to put the actual Little Mermaid.
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我们要把真的小美人鱼放进去，
08:56
So the real Mermaid, the real water, and the real bikes.
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就是真的美人鱼，真的水，真的自行车。
08:59
And when she's gone, we're going to invite
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当她离开后，我们会请
09:01
a Chinese artist to reinterpret her.
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一个中国艺术家重新诠释她。
09:03
The architecture of the pavilion is this sort of loop
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这个展馆建筑是一种环形
09:05
of exhibition and bikes.
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的展览和自行车流。
09:07
When you go to the exhibition, you'll see the Mermaid and the pool.
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你去看展览的时候你会见到美人鱼和水池，
09:10
You'll walk around, start looking for a bicycle on the roof,
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你四处走动，开始在屋顶上寻找自行车，
09:13
jump on your ride and then continue out into the rest of the expo.
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跳上车你就可以继续去看其他展馆。
09:18
So when we actually won the competition
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因此，当我们赢得竞赛的时候，
09:20
we had to do an exhibition in China explaining the project.
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我们必须得在中国搞个展览解释这个项目，
09:23
And to our surprise we got one of our boards back
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令我们吃惊的是我们的一块展板被退回来了，
09:25
with corrections from the Chinese state censorship.
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经过了中国国家审查机构的更改。
09:30
The first thing, the China map missed Taiwan.
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第一条，中国地图少了台湾。
09:33
It's a very serious political issue in China. We will add on.
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这在中国是一个严肃的政治问题。我们会把它加上。
09:36
The second thing, we had compared the swan to the dragon,
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第二条，我们把天鹅与龙相比较，
09:39
and then the Chinese state said,
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中国官方说，
09:41
"Suggest change to panda."
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“建议改成熊猫。”
09:43
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
09:45
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:48
So, when it came out in Denmark that we were actually going to
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当有消息从丹麦公布出来说我们要
09:50
move our national monument,
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把我们的历史遗迹移走的时候，
09:52
the National People's Party sort of rebelled against it.
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国家人民党对此极为反对，
09:57
They tried to pass a law against moving the Mermaid.
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他们要通过一项法案反对搬动美人鱼。
10:00
So for the first time, I got invited to speak at the National Parliament.
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所以我有生以来第一次到国会发言。
10:03
It was kind of interesting because in the morning, from 9 to 11,
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这是件挺有趣的事，因为从早上9点到11点
10:07
they were discussing the bailout package --
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他们在讨论救市计划，
10:09
how many billions to invest in saving the Danish economy.
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要花多少亿投资挽救丹麦经济，
10:12
And then at 11 o'clock they stopped talking about these little issues.
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11点他们停止讨论这些小问题。
10:15
And then from 11 to 1,
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从11点到一点，
10:17
they were debating whether or not to send the Mermaid to China.
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他们在争论是否要把美人鱼送到中国去。
10:19
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
10:21
(Applause)
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（掌声）
10:26
But to conclude, if you want to see the Mermaid from May to December
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总之结论就是，如果你想在明年五月到十二月之间看到美人鱼，
10:29
next year, don't come to Copenhagen,
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别到哥本哈根来，
10:31
because she's going to be in Shanghai.
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因为她要去上海。
10:33
If you do come to Copenhagen,
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如果你确实来到哥本哈根，
10:35
you will probably see an installation by Ai Weiwei, the Chinese artist.
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你可能看到那个中国艺术家艾未未的装置艺术，
10:39
But if the Chinese government intervenes, it might even be a panda.
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但是如果是中国政府干涉的话那可能会是一个熊猫。
10:43
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
10:46
So the second story that I'd like to tell
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我想讲的第二个故事
10:49
is, actually starts in my own house.
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恰好从我自己的房子开始。
10:53
This is my apartment.
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这是我的公寓。
10:55
This is the view from my apartment,
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这是从我的公寓看出去的景观，
10:57
over the sort of landscape of triangular balconies
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在三角形的阳台上，
11:00
that our client called the Leonardo DiCaprio balcony.
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我们的客户管它们叫莱昂纳多.迪卡布里奥阳台。
11:03
And they form this sort of vertical backyard
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它们形成了这种垂直的后花园。
11:09
where, on a nice summer day, you'll actually get introduced to all your neighbors
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在这儿，在一个美好的夏日，你可以被引荐给你所有的
11:11
in a vertical radius of 10 meters.
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在上下十米半径之内邻居。
11:14
The house is sort of a distortion of a square block.
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这个房子是一种方块的变形，
11:17
Trying to zigzag it to make sure
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试图通过左右扭曲来确保
11:19
that all of the apartments look at the straight views,
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所有的公寓单元都有向外的景观，
11:21
instead of into each other.
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而不是互相看到对方的房间里。
11:23
Until recently, this was the view from my apartment,
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不久前这还是我住所的景色，
11:26
onto this place where our client actually bought the neighbor site.
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直到我们的客户买下了毗邻的位置。
11:30
And he said that he was going to do an apartment block
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他说他要做一个公寓区，
11:33
next to a parking structure.
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与停车场相隔。
11:35
And we thought, rather than doing a traditional stack of apartments
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我们想与其建一个传统的多层公寓，
11:38
looking straight into a big boring block of cars,
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向外看只能看到一堆无聊的汽车，
11:41
why don't we turn all the apartments into penthouses,
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为什么不能把所有的公寓单元都变成顶层公寓，
11:44
put them on a podium of cars.
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把它们变成这堆小汽车的指挥台。
11:46
And because Copenhagen is completely flat,
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而且因为哥本哈根完全是平的，
11:48
if you want to have a nice south-facing slope with a view,
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如果你想要一套有景的南坡，
11:50
you basically have to do it yourself.
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你基本上得自己动手。
11:52
Then we sort of cut up the volume,
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然后我们稍许削减了一点体积，
11:55
so we wouldn't block the view from my apartment.
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这样不至于把我自己公寓的景色挡住。
11:57
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
12:01
And essentially the parking is sort of occupying the deep space
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停车基本上是占据深度空间，
12:04
underneath the apartments.
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在公寓楼的下面。
12:06
And up in the sun, you have a single layer of apartments
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在阳光下，你就像是有一个单层公寓，
12:09
that combine all the splendors of a suburban lifestyle,
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结合了所有郊区生活方式的精彩之处，
12:12
like a house with a garden with a sort of metropolitan view,
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好像一座有花园的小房又有城市景观，
12:16
and a sort of dense urban location.
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在一个稠密的城区位置。
12:19
This is our first architectural model.
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这是我们第一个建筑模型。
12:21
This is an aerial photo taken last summer.
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这是去年夏天拍得鸟瞰照片，
12:24
And essentially, the apartments cover the parking.
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基本上公寓楼覆盖了停车场，
12:27
They are accessed through this diagonal elevator.
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通过这个斜角的电梯进入停车场。
12:30
It's actually a stand-up product from Switzerland,
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这实际是个靠得住的瑞士产品，
12:32
because in Switzerland they have a natural need for diagonal elevators.
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因为在瑞士他们对斜角电梯有天然的需求。
12:36
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
12:38
And the facade of the parking,
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在停车场的正面，
12:40
we wanted to make the parking naturally ventilated,
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我们想把它做成自然通风。
12:43
so we needed to perforate it.
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所以我们需要再上面打孔。
12:45
And we discovered that by controlling the size of the holes,
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我们发现通过控制孔的大小，
12:47
we could actually turn the entire facade
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我们实际上可以把整个正立面变成
12:49
into a gigantic, naturally ventilated,
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一个巨大的自然通风的，
12:52
rasterized image.
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点阵图片。
12:54
And since we always refer to the project as The Mountain,
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而且由于我们总是管这个项目叫那山，
12:57
we commissioned this Japanese Himalaya photographer
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我们请了这个日本喜马拉雅摄影师
12:59
to give us this beautiful photo of Mount Everest,
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给我们拍了这张美丽的珠峰照片，
13:02
making the entire building a 3,000 square meter artwork.
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把整个楼变成了3000平米的艺术作品。
13:06
(Applause)
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（掌声）
13:12
So if you go back into the parking, into the corridors,
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所以如果你回到停车场，进入走廊，
13:15
it's almost like traveling into a parallel universe
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几乎就像是在另一个完全不同的宇宙里旅行，
13:17
from cars and colors,
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从轿车和各种颜色，
13:19
into this sort of south-facing urban oasis.
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到这种朝南的都市绿洲。
13:22
The wood of your apartment continues outside becoming the facades.
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你公寓的树长到外面成为这种立面。
13:26
If you go even further, it turns into this green garden.
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如果长得再茂盛它就会变成绿色花园。
13:29
And all the rainwater that drops on the Mountain
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所有落在那山上的雨水，
13:31
is actually accumulated.
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都被收集起来，
13:33
And there is an automatic irrigation system
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有一个自动灌溉系统
13:36
that makes sure that this sort of landscape of gardens,
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确保这种花园景观，
13:39
in one or two years it will sort of transform
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经过一两年的时间会变成
13:41
into a Cambodian temple ruin,
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像柬埔寨损毁的寺庙，
13:43
completely covered in green.
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完全被绿色覆盖。
13:45
So, the Mountain is like our first built example
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那山是我们头一个建成的样板，
13:48
of what we like to refer to as architectural alchemy.
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我们喜欢称之为建筑合金。
13:51
This idea that you can actually create, if not gold,
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这种概念是，你如果不能创造金子，
13:53
then at least added value by mixing
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至少可以通过混合
13:55
traditional ingredients, like normal apartments
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传统元素，比如普通的公寓
13:57
and normal parking,
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和普通的停车场来增加价值。
13:59
and in this case actually offer people
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这个例子实际给人们提供了
14:01
the chance that they don't have to choose between
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一个不必非得
14:03
a life with a garden or a life in the city.
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从生活在花园还是生活在城市之间做出选择的机会。
14:05
They can actually have both.
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他们实际上可以同时拥有这两种东西。
14:09
As an architect, it's really hard to set the agenda.
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作为一名建筑师要制定计划确实很困难。
14:13
You can't just say that now I'd like to do a sustainable city
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你不能凭空说我现在想在中亚创造一个
14:15
in central Asia,
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可持续发展的城市。
14:17
because that's not really how you get commissions.
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因为接活确实不是这么接的。
14:20
You always have to sort of adapt and improvise
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你总是要自我调整自我发挥
14:24
to the opportunities and accidents that happen,
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以适应发生的机会和事件
14:26
and the sort of turmoil of the world.
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以及混乱的世界。
14:30
One last example is that recently we,
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最后一个例子是我们最近，
14:32
like last summer, we won the competition
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也就是去年夏天赢了一个竞赛，
14:35
to design a Nordic national bank.
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设计一个北欧国家银行。
14:38
This was the director of the bank when he was still smiling.
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这是这家银行的总监，那时候他还能笑得出来，
14:42
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
14:44
It was in the middle of the capital so we were really excited by this opportunity.
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这正是首都的中心，所以我们对这个机会非常激动。
14:47
Unfortunately, it was the national bank of Iceland.
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不幸的是这是冰岛国家银行。
14:52
At the same time, we actually had a visitor --
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这同时我们还有一个访客，
14:55
a minister from Azerbaijan came to our office.
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阿塞拜疆的一个部长来到我们的事务所。
14:58
We took him to see the Mountain. And he got very excited
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我们带他看那山，他非常兴奋，
15:01
by this idea that you could actually make mountains
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见到有这种可以
15:03
out of architecture,
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用建筑来造山的创意，
15:05
because Azerbaijan is known as the Alps of Central Asia.
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因为阿塞拜疆被认为是中亚的阿尔卑斯。
15:08
So he asked us if we could actually imagine
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他问我们是否可以想象出
15:10
an urban master plan
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一个这样的城市规划：
15:12
on an island outside the capital
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在首都城外的一个岛上
15:14
that would recreate the silhouette of the seven most significant mountains
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重新创造出阿塞拜疆七座名山
15:17
of Azerbaijan.
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的形态。
15:19
So we took the commission.
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我们接了这个项目，
15:21
And we made this small movie that I'd like to show.
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而且我们制作了这个小影片，我想给大家放一下。
15:24
We quite often make little movies.
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我们经常制作这种小电影。
15:26
We always argue a lot about the soundtrack,
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我们总是对配乐争论不休。
15:28
but in this case it was really easy to choose the song.
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不过在这个项目里选择曲子却很容易。
15:37
So basically, Baku is this sort of crescent bay
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基本上巴库是一个月牙湾，
15:39
overlooking the island of Zira, the island that we are planning --
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俯瞰着奇拉岛，也就是我们要规划的岛。
15:42
almost like the diagram of their flag.
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几乎就像是他们国旗的形状。
15:45
And our main idea was
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我们主要的创意是
15:47
to sort of sample the seven most significant mountains
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对阿塞拜疆的七座大山进行采样，
15:50
of the topography of Azerbaijan
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按照地形
15:53
and reinterpret them into urban and architectural structures,
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然后在城市和建筑结构上对此重新诠释，
15:56
inhabitable of human life.
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并适合人居住。
15:59
Then we place these mountains on the island,
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然后我们把这些山放到岛上去，
16:02
surrounding this sort of central green valley,
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把中心围成绿色山谷，
16:04
almost like a central park.
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就像是中央公园。
16:07
And what makes it interesting is that the island right now
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有意思的是这个岛现在
16:09
is just a piece of desert. It has no vegetation.
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只是一片沙漠。没有植被。
16:11
It has no water. It has no energy, no resources.
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没有水，没有能源，没有资源。
16:15
So we actually sort of designed the entire island as a single ecosystem,
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所以我们实际上把整个岛设计成一个生态系统，
16:19
exploiting wind energy to drive the desalination plants,
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利用风能驱动海水淡化工厂，
16:23
and to use the thermal properties of water
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并且利用水的热效应
16:25
to heat and cool the buildings.
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来加热和冷却建筑。
16:27
And all the sort of excess freshwater wastewater
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所有的多余的淡水和废水
16:30
is filtered organically into the landscape,
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都被有机地过滤到园林景观，
16:33
gradually transforming the desert island
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逐渐将荒漠岛屿改变
16:35
into sort of a green, lush landscape.
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成一个绿色的茂盛的景观。
16:39
So, you can say where an urban development
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所以你可以说一个城市建设项目一般都是以
16:42
normally happens at the expense of nature,
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牺牲自然为代价，
16:46
in this case it's actually creating nature.
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在这个项目中实际上在创造自然。
16:50
And the buildings, they don't only sort of
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这些楼房不仅
16:53
invoke the imagery of the mountains,
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引发山的联想，
16:56
they also operate like mountains.
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它们也像山一样运转，
16:58
They create shelter from the wind.
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它们提供避风的场所，
17:00
They accumulate the solar energy.
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存储太阳能，
17:02
They accumulate the water.
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积累水，
17:04
So they actually transform the entire island
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所以它们实际上把整个岛
17:06
into a single ecosystem.
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转变成一个完整的生态系统
17:11
So we recently presented the master plan,
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我们最近提交了规划方案。
17:14
and it has gotten approved.
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并且获得了批准。
17:16
And this summer we are starting the construction documents
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这个夏天我们要开始
17:19
of the two first mountains,
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头两座山的施工文档，
17:21
in what's going to be the first carbon-neutral island
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在这个即将成为碳中和的岛上，
17:25
in Central Asia.
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在中亚。
17:28
(Applause)
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（掌声）
17:37
Yes, maybe just to round off.
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也许做个圆满的总结，
17:39
So in a way you can see how the Mountain in Copenhagen
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你可以看到哥本哈根的山如何
17:42
sort of evolved into the Seven Peaks of Azerbaijan.
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演进成阿塞拜疆的七座山峰。
17:45
With a little luck and some more evolution,
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通过一点运气加上进一步的进化，
17:48
maybe in 10 years it could be the Five Mountains on Mars.
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也许十年后它们可以成为火星上的五座山。
17:52
Thank you.
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谢谢你们。
17:54
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bjarke Ingels - ArchitectTheory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings.
Why you should listen
Bjarke Ingels is principal of BIG, based in Copenhagen. An alumnus of Rem Koolhaas' OMA practice, Ingels takes a similar approach: experimenting with pure space, but never losing sight of the building as a solution to a real-world problem. His manifesto "Yes Is More" takes the form of a giant cartoon strip, 130 meters long, that reminds people to keep thinking big -- to see all our modern problems as challenges that inspire us. (The manifesto is now available in comic-book form.)
His deeply-thought-out and often rather large works -- including several skyscrapers and mixed-use projects in a developing section of Copenhagen, plus a project for a new commercial harbor-island -- work to bring coherence to the urban fabric and to help their occupants and users lead better lives. His most famous works include: the Stavanger Concert House, Tallinn’s city hall and the VM Houses. He recently won a competition to design Copenhagen’s waste-to-energy plant with a design that will place a ski slope on top of the structure.
Bjarke Ingels | Speaker | TED.com