TEDIndia 2009
Ryan Lobo: Photographing the hidden story
Rajan Lobo (Ryan Lobo): Fotografisanje sakrivene priče
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Rajan Lobo je proputovao svet stvarajući fotofrafije koje govore o neobičnim ljudskim životima. U ovom nezaboravnom govoru on oblikuje kontroverzne priče kroz empatiju tako da mi možemo da doživimo patnju liberijskog ratnog zločinca, nečujnu snagu UN-ovih žena mirotvoraca i istrajnost nedovoljno cenjenih vatrogasaca iz Delhija.
Ryan Lobo - Photographer
As a photographer and filmmaker, Ryan Lobo uses his exquisite lens to capture humanity and nature at their most open and vulnerable moments. Full bio
As a photographer and filmmaker, Ryan Lobo uses his exquisite lens to capture humanity and nature at their most open and vulnerable moments. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
My name is Ryan Lobo,
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Zovem se Rajan Lobo
00:17
and I've been involved in the documentary
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i bavim se snimanjem dokumentaraca
00:19
filmmaking business all over the world for the last 10 years.
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širom sveta poslednjih 10 godina.
00:23
During the process of making these films
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U toku rada na ovim filmovima
00:25
I found myself taking photographs,
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počeo sam da se bavim fotografijom,
00:28
often much to the annoyance of the video cameramen.
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što često ume da smeta snimateljima.
00:31
I found this photography of mine almost compulsive.
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Shvatio sam da me fotografisanje gotovo obuzima.
00:34
And at the end of a shoot, I would sometimes feel that
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A na kraju snimanja, poknekad bih osetio
00:37
I had photographs that told a better story
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da neke moje fotografije bolje pričaju priču
00:40
than a sometimes-sensational documentary.
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nego ponekad i izvrstan dokumentarac.
00:44
I felt, when I had my photographs,
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Osetio sam da fotografijama
00:46
that I was holding on to something true,
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uspevam da uhvatim nešto istinito
00:48
regardless of agendas or politics.
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nezavisno od ciljeva i politika.
00:51
In 2007, I traveled to three war zones.
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2007. sam posetio tri ratne zone.
00:55
I traveled to Iraq, Afghanistan and Liberia.
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Putovao sam u Irak, Avganistan i Liberiju.
00:58
And over there I experienced
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Tamo sam doživeo
01:00
other people's suffering, up close and personal,
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ljudsku patnju lično i izbliza,
01:03
immersed myself in some rather intense and emotional stories,
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zaronio sam u neke
prilično snažne i emotivne priče
prilično snažne i emotivne priče
01:07
and at times I experienced great fear for my own life.
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i ponekad se bojao za sopstveni život.
01:12
As always, I would return to Bangalore,
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Kao i uvek, vratio bih se u Bangalor
01:14
and often to animated discussions at friend's homes,
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u, često žestoke rasprave kod prijatelja
01:17
where we would discuss various issues
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gde smo raspravljali o različitim problemima
01:19
while they complained bitterly about the new pub timings,
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dok su se oni ogorčeno žalili
na novo radno vreme pabova
na novo radno vreme pabova
01:22
where a drink often cost more than what they'd paid
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gde bi za jedno piće platili više
01:24
their 14-year-old maid.
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nego što plaćajau svoju
četrnaestogodišnju služavku.
četrnaestogodišnju služavku.
01:26
I would feel very isolated during these discussions.
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Osećao bih se vrlo izolovanim
u ovim raspravama.
u ovim raspravama.
01:30
But at the same time, I questioned myself
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Ali u isto vreme sam preispitivao sebe,
01:33
and my own integrity and purpose in storytelling.
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sopstveni integritet i ulogu u pričanju priča.
01:37
And I decided that I had compromised,
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Shvatio sam da sam se pomirio sa tim,
01:41
just like my friends in those discussions,
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baš kao i moji prijatelji u tim raspravama
01:44
where we told stories
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gde smo pričali priče
01:47
in contexts we made excuses for,
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za koje smo nalazili izgovore
01:50
rather than taking responsibility for.
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umesto da za njih preuzmemo odgovornost.
01:54
I won't go into details about what led to a decision I made,
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Ne želim da pričam u detalje
šta je dovelo do te diskusije,
šta je dovelo do te diskusije,
02:01
but let's just say it involved alcohol, cigarettes,
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ali recimo da je bilo alkohola, cigareta,
02:03
other substances and a woman.
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drugih supstanci i žena.
02:06
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:07
I basically decided that it was I,
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Odlučio sam da sam ja,
02:09
not the camera or the network,
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ne kamera ili televizija,
02:11
or anything that lay outside myself,
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niti bilo šta izvan mene samog,
02:14
that was the only instrument in storytelling
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jedini instrument u pričanju priča
02:16
truly worth tuning.
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kojega stvarno treba naštimovati.
02:19
In my life, when I tried to achieve things
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Šta god sam pokušao da dostignem u životu,
02:22
like success or recognition, they eluded me.
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uspeh ili priznanje, izmaklo mi je.
02:25
Paradoxically, when I let go of these objectives,
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Paradoksalno, kada sam odustao od ovih ciljeva,
02:28
and worked from a place of compassion and purpose,
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i radio iz saosećanja ili svrhe,
02:31
looking for excellence, rather than the results of it,
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težio savršenstvu više nego rezultatu rada,
02:35
everything arrived on its own, including fulfillment.
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sve bi došlo na svoje, pa i ispunjenost.
02:40
Photography transcended culture, including my own.
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Fotografija prevazilazi kulture, računajući i moju.
02:43
And it is, for me, a language which expressed the intangible,
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Za mene je jezik ono što izražava nedodirljivo,
02:47
and gives voice to people and stories without.
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što daje glas ljudima i pričama koje ga nemaju.
02:49
I invite you into three recent stories of mine,
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Pozivam vas u moje tri najskorije priče
02:51
which are about this way of looking, if you will,
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koje govore o jednom pogledu na svet
02:54
which I believe exemplify the tenets
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koji može da objasni suštinu onoga
02:57
of what I like to call compassion in storytelling.
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što ja nazivam pripovedanjem iz saosećanja.
03:01
In 2007 I went to Liberia,
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2007. otišao sam u Liberiju,
03:06
where a group of my friends and I
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gde sam sa grupom prijatelja radio
03:10
did an independent, self-funded film, still in progress,
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na nezavisnom filmu u sopstvenoj proukciji,
koji je još uvek nedovršen,
koji je još uvek nedovršen,
03:13
on a very legendary and brutal war-lord
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o legendarnom i okrutnom vojskovođi
03:17
named General Butt Naked.
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pod imenom general Gologuzi.
03:19
His real name is Joshua, and he's pictured here in a cell
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Njegovo pravo ime je Džošua,
a ovde je prikazan u ćeliji
a ovde je prikazan u ćeliji
03:22
where he once used to torture and murder people,
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gde je nekada mučio i ubijao ljude,
03:25
including children.
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uključujući i decu.
03:28
Joshua claims to have personally killed
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Džošua tvrdi da je on lično ubio
03:30
more than 10,000 people during Liberia's civil war.
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više od 10.000 ljudi
u toku građanskog rata u Liberiji.
u toku građanskog rata u Liberiji.
03:34
He got his name from fighting stark naked.
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Dobio je nadimak jer se borio potpuno go.
03:37
And he is probably the most prolific mass murderer
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On je verovatno najveći živi
03:39
alive on Earth today.
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masovni ubica na svetu.
03:42
This woman witnessed the General murdering her brother.
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Jedna žena je gledala
kako general ubija njenog brata.
kako general ubija njenog brata.
03:47
Joshua commanded his child-soldiers to commit unspeakable crimes,
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Džošua je naredio svojoj vojsci načinjenoj
od dece da čine strašne zločine,
od dece da čine strašne zločine,
03:50
and enforced his command with great brutality.
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a svoje naredbe sprovodio je vrlo oktruno.
03:53
Today many of these children are addicted to drugs like heroin,
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Danas je većina ove dece zavisna od droga
kao što je heroin
kao što je heroin
03:56
and they are destitute, like these young men in the image.
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i žive u bedi, kao ovi mladi ljudi sa slike.
04:01
How do you live with yourself
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Kako da živite sa samim sobom
04:03
if you know you've committed horrific crimes?
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kada znate da ste počinili užasne zločine?
04:08
Today the General is a baptized Christian evangelist.
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General je danas kršteni hrišćanski jevanđelista.
04:12
And he's on a mission.
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I ima misiju.
04:14
We accompanied Joshua, as he walked the Earth,
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Pratili smo Džošuu dok je hodao zemljom,
04:17
visiting villages where he had once killed and raped.
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posećivao sela gde je nekada ubijao i silovao.
04:20
He seeked forgiveness,
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Tražio je oproštaj
04:22
and he claims to endeavor to improve
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i tvrdio da će pokušati da poboljša
04:24
the lives of his child-soldiers.
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živote svojih mladih vojnika.
04:26
During this expedition I expected him
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U toku ovog putovanja,
očekivao sam
očekivao sam
04:28
to be killed outright, and us as well.
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da će ga odmah ubiti,
a sa njim i sve nas.
a sa njim i sve nas.
04:30
But what I saw opened my eyes
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Ali ono što sam video mi je otvorilo oči,
04:32
to an idea of forgiveness
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prikazalo mi je vid oproštaja
04:34
which I never thought possible.
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za koji sam mislio da je nemoguć.
04:37
In the midst of incredible poverty and loss,
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Usred neverovatnog siromaštva i propadanja,
04:40
people who had nothing absolved a man
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ljudi koji nemaju ništa oprostili su čoveku
04:42
who had taken everything from them.
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koji im je oduzeo sve.
04:46
He begs for forgiveness,
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On moli za oproštaj,
04:48
and receives it from the same woman
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i dobija ga od iste one žene
04:50
whose brother he murdered.
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čijeg brata je ubio.
04:53
Senegalese, the young man seated on the wheelchair here,
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Senegalac, mladić koji ovde sedi na stolici
04:55
was once a child soldier, under the General's command,
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je bio vojnik kao dete,
pod generalovom komandom,
pod generalovom komandom,
04:58
until he disobeyed orders,
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dok nije odbio da posluša naređenje
05:00
and the General shot off both his legs.
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i general mu je pucao u obe noge.
05:04
He forgives the General in this image.
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Na ovoj slici on oprašta generalu.
05:07
He risked his life as he walked up to people
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Ugrozio je svoj život dok je prilazio ljudima
05:09
whose families he'd murdered.
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čije porodice je ubio.
05:12
In this photograph a hostile crowd in a slum surrounds him.
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Na ovoj fotografiji je okružen
ruljom u jednom siromašnom kraju.
ruljom u jednom siromašnom kraju.
05:15
And Joshua remains silent
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Džošua nije progovorio
05:18
as they vented their rage against him.
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kada su iskalili svoj bes na njemu.
05:22
This image, to me, is almost like from a Shakespearean play,
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Meni ova slika izgleda kao da je
iz Šekspirove drame,
iz Šekspirove drame,
05:24
with a man, surrounded by various influences,
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čovek, okružen raznim uticajima
05:27
desperate to hold on to something true within himself,
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koji se očajnički drži za neku istinu u sebi,
05:31
in a context of great suffering that he has created himself.
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okružen velikom patnjom koju je sam stvorio.
05:35
I was intensely moved during all this.
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Sve me je to jako dirnulo.
05:37
But the question is,
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Ali pitanje je,
05:39
does forgiveness and redemption replace justice?
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da li oproštaj i pokajanje
mogu da zamene pravdu?
mogu da zamene pravdu?
05:43
Joshua, in his own words, says that he does not mind
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Kako sam Džošua kaže,
on nema ništa protiv
on nema ništa protiv
05:45
standing trial for his crimes,
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da mu se sudi za zločine
05:47
and speaks about them from soapboxes across Monrovia,
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i govori o njima širom Monrovije,
sa improvizovane govornice
sa improvizovane govornice
05:49
to an audience that often includes his victims.
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publici u kojoj gotovo uvek ima njegovih žrtava.
05:53
A very unlikely spokesperson for the idea of
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Vrlo neverovatan zagovornik ideje
05:55
separation of church and state.
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o razdvajanju države i crkve.
05:58
The second story I'm going to tell you about
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Druga priča koju ću vam ispričati
06:00
is about a group of very special fighting women
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tiče se grupe vrlo posebnih žena boraca
06:02
with rather unique peace-keeping skills.
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sa prilično jedinstvenim sposobnostima
za oržavanje mira.
za oržavanje mira.
06:05
Liberia has been devastated by one of Africa's
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Liberia je opustošena u jednom
06:07
bloodiest civil wars,
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od afričkih najkrvavijih građanskih ratova
06:09
which has left more than 200,000 people dead,
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u kome je poginulo više od 200.000 ljudi,
06:11
thousands of women scarred by rape and crime
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hiljade žena je obeleženo silovanjem
06:13
on a spectacular scale.
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i zločinima velikih razmera.
06:16
Liberia is now home
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Liberija je sada dom
06:18
to an all-woman United Nations contingent
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isključivo ženske grupe
06:20
of Indian peacekeepers.
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mirotvoraca UN-a iz Indije.
06:23
These women, many from small towns in India,
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Ove žene, od kojih je većina
iz malih gradova u Indiji,
iz malih gradova u Indiji,
06:25
help keep the peace, far away from home and family.
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pomažu održavanje mira
daleko od porodica i prijatelja.
daleko od porodica i prijatelja.
06:30
They use negotiation and tolerance
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Služe se pregovorima i tolerancijom
06:32
more often than an armed response.
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mnogo češće nego oružjem.
06:34
The commander told me that a woman could gauge
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Komandant mi je rekao da žena ume da oceni
06:36
a potentially violent situation
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potencijalno opasnu situaciju
06:38
much better than men.
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mnogo bolje nego muškarac.
06:40
And that they were definitely capable of diffusing it non-aggressively.
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I da su one definitivno sposobne
da je reše mirnim putem.
da je reše mirnim putem.
06:44
This man was very drunk,
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Ovaj čovek je veoma pijan
06:46
and he was very interested in my camera,
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i zanimao ga je moj fotoaparat
06:48
until he noticed the women, who handled him
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dok nije primetio žene
koje su mu se obratile sa osmehom
koje su mu se obratile sa osmehom
06:50
with smiles, and AK-47s at the ready, of course.
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i kalašnjikovima u pripripravnosti, naravno.
06:53
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:54
This contingent seems to be quite lucky,
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Izgleda da ova grupa ima puno sreće
06:57
and it has not sustained any casualties,
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i nije pretrpela nikakve žrtve
06:59
even though dozens of peacekeepers have been killed in Liberia.
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iako je do sada desetine mirotvoraca
ubijeno u Liberiji.
ubijeno u Liberiji.
07:02
And yes, all of those people killed were male.
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I da, svi ti ubijeni ljudi bili su muškarci.
07:06
Many of the women are married with children,
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Mnoge od ovih žena su udate i imaju decu,
07:08
and they say the hardest part of their deployment
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i kažu da im je najteži deo službe
07:11
was being kept away from their children.
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što nisu sa svojom decom.
07:14
I accompanied these women on their patrols,
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Išao sam sa ovim ženama u patrolu
07:16
and watched as they walked past men,
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i gledao kako prolaze pored muškaraca
07:18
many who passed very lewd comments incessantly.
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od kojih su mnogi dobacivali
nepristojne komentare.
nepristojne komentare.
07:21
And when I asked one of the women about the shock and awe response,
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A kada sam upitao jednu od njih
o strahopoštovanju koje izazivaju,
o strahopoštovanju koje izazivaju,
07:23
she said, "Don't worry, same thing back home.
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rekla je: "Ne brini, tako je i kod kuće.
07:25
We know how to deal with these fellows,"
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Znamo mi sa ovim momcima",
07:27
and ignored them.
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i ignorisala ih je.
07:30
In a country ravaged by violence against women,
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U zemlji pogođenoj nasiljem prema ženama
07:32
Indian peacekeepers have inspired many local women
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indijske mirotvorkinje
su inspirisale mnoge žene iz okoline
su inspirisale mnoge žene iz okoline
07:35
to join the police force.
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da se pridruže policiji.
07:37
Sometimes, when the war is over and all the film crews have left,
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Ponekad, kada se rat završi
i filmska ekipa ode
i filmska ekipa ode
07:40
the most inspiring stories are the ones
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najinspirativnije priče su one
07:42
that float just beneath the radar.
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koje su ispod površine.
07:45
I came back to India and nobody was interested in buying the story.
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Vratio sam se u Indiju
i niko nije hteo da kupi priču.
i niko nije hteo da kupi priču.
07:49
And one editor told me that she wasn't interested
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Jenda urednica mi je rekla
da nije zainteresovana
da nije zainteresovana
07:51
in doing what she called "manual labor stories."
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da radi "priče o fizičkom radu",
kako ih je nazvala.
kako ih je nazvala.
07:56
In 2007 and 2009 I did stories on the Delhi Fire Service, the DFS,
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2007. i 2009. radio sam na pričama o
vatrogasnoj stanici u Delhiju
vatrogasnoj stanici u Delhiju
08:01
which, during the summer, is probably the world's most active fire department.
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koja je, leti, verovatno najaktivnija
vatrogasna stanica na svetu.
vatrogasna stanica na svetu.
08:04
They answer more than 5,000 calls in just two months.
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Odazivaju se na više od 5000 poziva
u samo dva meseca.
u samo dva meseca.
08:07
And all this against incredible logistical odds,
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Uvek uprkos neverovatnim logističkim uslovima
08:10
like heat and traffic jams.
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kao što su vrućine i gužve u saobraćaju.
08:13
Something amazing happened during this shoot.
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Dogodilo se nešto izvanredno tokom ovog snimanja.
08:15
Due to a traffic jam, we were late in getting to a slum,
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Zbog gužve kasnili smo u jedan veliki
08:18
a large slum, which had caught fire.
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siromašni deo grada koji se zapalio.
08:21
As we neared, angry crowds attacked our trucks
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Kako smo se približavali besna gomila
je napala naša vozila,
je napala naša vozila,
08:24
and stoned them, by hundreds of people all over the place.
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stotine ljudi sa svih strana
gađale su ih kamenjem.
gađale su ih kamenjem.
08:27
These men were terrified,
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Ljudi su bili prestravljeni
08:29
as the mob attacked our vehicle.
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kada je rulja napala naše vozilo.
08:32
But nonetheless, despite the hostility,
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Ali ipak, uprkos neprijateljskim prilikama
08:34
firefighters left the vehicle and successfully fought the fire.
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vatrogasci su izašli iz vozila
i uspešno se borili sa vatrom.
i uspešno se borili sa vatrom.
08:38
Running the gauntlet through hostile crowds,
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Trčali su kroz neprijateljske gomile
08:40
and some wearing motorbike helmets to prevent injury.
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dok su neki nosili kacige za motor
da spreče povrede.
da spreče povrede.
08:43
Some of the local people forcibly took away the hoses
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Neki ljudi iz okoline su na silu oteli šmrkove
08:46
from the firemen to put out the fire in their homes.
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od vatrogasaca da bi gasili vatru
u svojim domovima.
u svojim domovima.
08:49
Now, hundreds of homes were destroyed.
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Stotine domova je uništeno.
08:51
But the question that lingered in my mind was,
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Ali pitanje koje mi se motalo po glavi je
08:55
what causes people to destroy fire trucks
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šta je nateralo ljude
da unište vatrogasna vozila
da unište vatrogasna vozila
08:58
headed to their own homes?
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koja idu da spasu njihove kuće?
09:00
Where does such rage come from?
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Otkud toliki bes?
09:03
And how are we responsible for this?
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I kako smo mi odgovorni za ovo?
09:07
45 percent of the 14 million people
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45 posto od 14 miliona ljudi u Delhiju
09:10
who live in Delhi live in unauthorized slums,
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živi u bespravno sagrađenim krajevima
09:12
which are chronically overcrowded.
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koji su hronično prenaseljeni.
09:15
They lack even the most basic amenities.
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Nemaju čak ni najosnovnije uslove za život.
09:17
And this is something that is common to all our big cities.
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Ovo je zajedničko svim našim
velikim gradovima.
velikim gradovima.
09:22
Back to the DFS. A huge chemical depot caught fire,
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Vraćam se na vatrogasce.
Ogromno hemijsko skladište se zapalilo,
Ogromno hemijsko skladište se zapalilo,
09:25
thousands of drums filled with petrochemicals
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na hiljade buradi petrohemikalija
09:28
were blazing away and exploding all around us.
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zapalilo se i eksplodiralo je oko nas.
09:31
The heat was so intense, that hoses were used
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Bilo je toliko vrelo da su crevima
09:33
to cool down firefighters
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rashlađivali vatrogasce
09:35
fighting extremely close to the fire, and with no protective clothing.
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koji su bili jako blizu vatre
bez zaštitne opreme.
bez zaštitne opreme.
09:39
In India we often love to complain about our government bodies.
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Mi u Indiji volimo da se žalimo na vlast.
09:43
But over here, the heads of the DFS,
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Ali ovde su načelnici vatrogasne stanice
09:45
Mr. R.C. Sharman, Mr. A.K. Sharman,
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R.C. Šarman i A.K.Šarman
09:47
led the firefight with their men.
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gasili vatru sa svojim ljudima.
09:50
Something wonderful in a country where
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Nešto prelepo u zemlji
09:52
manual labor is often looked down upon.
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gde se često ne ceni fizički rad.
09:55
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:59
Over the years, my faith in the power of storytelling has been tested.
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Tokom godina, preisptivao sam
svoju veru u moć pripovedanja.
svoju veru u moć pripovedanja.
10:03
And I've had very serious doubt about its efficacy,
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Ozbiljno sam sumnjao u njenu delotvornost
10:06
and my own faith in humanity.
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i sopstvenu veru u ljudskost.
10:08
However, a film we shot still airs on the National Geographic channel.
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Ipak, film koji smo snimili se i dalje
pušta na kanalu Nacionalne Geografije.
pušta na kanalu Nacionalne Geografije.
10:12
And when it airs I get calls from all the guys I was with
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A kada ga puste, zovu me svi momci
sa kojima sam bio tamo
sa kojima sam bio tamo
10:16
and they tell me that they receive hundreds of calls congratulating them.
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da mi kažu da dobijaju
stotine poziva sa čestitkama.
stotine poziva sa čestitkama.
10:20
Some of the firemen told me that they were also inspired
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Neki vatrogasci su mi rekli
da su i oni bili inspirisani
da su i oni bili inspirisani
10:22
to do better because they were so pleased
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da rade bolje jer im je prijalo
10:24
to get thank-yous rather than brick bats.
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da dobiju zahvalnost umesto bačenih cigli.
10:27
It seems that this story helped change perceptions about the DFS,
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Izgleda da je ova priča pomogla
da se promeni slika o vatrogascima,
da se promeni slika o vatrogascima,
10:31
at least in the minds of an audience in part on televisions,
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bar u mislima gledalaca,
10:34
read magazines and whose huts aren't on fire.
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onih koji čitaju novine
i onih čije kuće nisu u plamenu.
i onih čije kuće nisu u plamenu.
10:37
Sometimes, focusing on what's heroic, beautiful and dignified,
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Nekad, fokusiranje na herojstvo,
lepotu i dostojanstvo
lepotu i dostojanstvo
10:42
regardless of the context,
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bez obzira na kontekst,
10:44
can help magnify these intangibles three ways,
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ističe ove nedodirljive vrednosti na tri načina:
10:48
in the protagonist of the story, in the audience,
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kroz glavnog lika u priči,
kroz publiku
kroz publiku
10:52
and also in the storyteller.
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i kroz pripovedača takođe.
10:54
And that's the power of storytelling.
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To je moć pripovedanja.
10:56
Focus on what's dignified, courageous and beautiful,
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Usredsredite se na dostojanstveno,
hrabro i lepo,
hrabro i lepo,
10:58
and it grows. Thank you.
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i ono će da raste. Hvala.
11:01
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ryan Lobo - PhotographerAs a photographer and filmmaker, Ryan Lobo uses his exquisite lens to capture humanity and nature at their most open and vulnerable moments.
Why you should listen
During a recent shoot on the streets and beaches of Chennai, Ryan Lobo turned his lens on men and women in relaxed, after-work poses. His starkly beautiful black-and-white photos, Lobo writes, reveal what it's like “to be young, employed and alive in Chennai today, regardless of one's language, economic class or social skills.” This follows the theme of Lobo's career: breaking down stereotypes while reframing the landscape.
Since 2001, Lobo has been taking haunting stills of everything from Yakuza tattoos and the illegal organ trade to the Indian middle class. He's worked as a field producer on many nature-oriented shows for National Geographic and founded Mad Monitor Productions, a production company based in Bangalore and Washington, D.C. There's no scientific, economic or sociopolitical boundary Lobo isn't willing to cross. His intense fieldwork continues to illuminate his traveling (you can read about his journeys and see photographs on his blog) and a forthcoming book project.
Ryan Lobo | Speaker | TED.com