TEDSalon London 2010
Charles Leadbeater: Education innovation in the slums
Čarls Lidbiter: Inovacija obrazovanja u sirotinjskim naseobinama
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
899,600 views
Čarls Lidbiter (Charles Leadbeater) je krenuo u potragu za radikalno novim oblicima obrazovanja -- i našao ih u sirotinjskim naseljima Rio de Žaneira i Kibere (predgrađe Najrobija), gde neka od najsiromašnije dece na svetu pronalaze nove načine da se školuju. I ova neformalna, remetilačka, nova vrsta škole je, po njegovim rečima, ono što sve škole treba da postanu.
Charles Leadbeater - Innovation consultant
A researcher at the London think tank Demos, Charles Leadbeater was early to notice the rise of "amateur innovation" -- great ideas from outside the traditional walls, from people who suddenly have the tools to collaborate, innovate and make their expertise known. Full bio
A researcher at the London think tank Demos, Charles Leadbeater was early to notice the rise of "amateur innovation" -- great ideas from outside the traditional walls, from people who suddenly have the tools to collaborate, innovate and make their expertise known. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It's a great pleasure to be here.
0
0
2000
Veliko mi je zadovoljstvo da budem ovde.
00:17
It's a great pleasure to speak after
1
2000
2000
Veliko mi je zadovoljstvo da govorim nakon
00:19
Brian Cox from CERN.
2
4000
2000
Brajana Koksa iz CERN-a.
00:21
I think CERN is the home
3
6000
2000
Čini mi se da je CERN dom
00:23
of the Large Hadron Collider.
4
8000
3000
Velikog hadronskog kolajdera.
00:26
What ever happened to the Small Hadron Collider?
5
11000
3000
Ali šta se desilo sa Malim hadronskim kolajderom?
00:29
Where is the Small Hadron Collider?
6
14000
3000
Gde je Mali hadronski kolajder?
00:32
Because the Small Hadron Collider once was the big thing.
7
17000
3000
Jer Mali hadronski kolajder je nekad bio u trendu.
00:35
Now, the Small Hadron Collider
8
20000
3000
A sada, Mali hadronski kolajder
00:38
is in a cupboard, overlooked and neglected.
9
23000
3000
leži na nekoj polici, neprimećen i zanemaren.
00:41
You know when the Large Hadron Collider started,
10
26000
3000
Sećate se kada je Veliki hadronski kolajder počeo s radom,
00:44
and it didn't work, and people tried to work out why,
11
29000
3000
pa se pokvario i mnogi su se pitali zašto,
00:47
it was the Small Hadron Collider team
12
32000
3000
bio je to tim naučnika Malog hadronskog kolajdera
00:50
who sabotaged it
13
35000
2000
koji ga je sabotirao
00:52
because they were so jealous.
14
37000
2000
jer su bili ljubomorni.
00:54
The whole Hadron Collider family
15
39000
2000
Celoj porodici hadronskog kolajdera
00:56
needs unlocking.
16
41000
2000
bi dobro došla terapija.
00:58
The lesson of Brian's presentation, in a way --
17
43000
3000
Pouka Brajanove prezentacije, na izvestan način --
01:01
all those fantastic pictures --
18
46000
2000
sve te fantastične slike --
01:03
is this really:
19
48000
2000
je u stvari sledeća:
01:05
that vantage point determines everything that you see.
20
50000
3000
da širina perspektive određuje sve što vidite.
01:08
What Brian was saying was
21
53000
2000
Brajan je hteo da kaže
01:10
science has opened up successively different vantage points
22
55000
2000
da je nauka postepeno otvorila različite perspektive
01:12
from which we can see ourselves,
23
57000
2000
sa kojih možemo sebe da posmatramo.
01:14
and that's why it's so valuable.
24
59000
2000
I u tome leži njen značaj.
01:16
So the vantage point you take
25
61000
2000
Dakle, perspektiva iz koje posmatrate
01:18
determines virtually everything that you will see.
26
63000
2000
određuje praktično sve što ćete videti.
01:20
The question that you will ask
27
65000
2000
Pitanje koje postavljamo
01:22
will determine much of the answer that you get.
28
67000
3000
određuje veći deo odgovora koji dobijamo.
01:25
And so if you ask this question:
29
70000
2000
I tako, ako postavimo pitanje:
01:27
Where would you look to see the future of education?
30
72000
3000
Gde gledati da bismo videli budućnost obrazovanja?
01:30
The answer that we've traditionally given to that
31
75000
3000
Odgovor koji nam se tradicionalno daje,
01:33
is very straightforward, at least in the last 20 years:
32
78000
2000
ili bar u poslednjih 20 godina, je vrlo jednostavan.
01:35
You go to Finland.
33
80000
2000
Idite u Finsku.
01:37
Finland is the best place in the world to see school systems.
34
82000
3000
Finska ima najbolji obrazovni sistem na svetu.
01:40
The Finns may be a bit boring and depressive and there's a very high suicide rate,
35
85000
3000
Finci mogu biti pomalo dosadni i depresivni i sa visokom stopom samoubistava,
01:43
but by golly, they are qualified.
36
88000
3000
ali, sveca mu, imaju kvalifikacije.
01:46
And they have absolutely amazing education systems.
37
91000
3000
I oni zaista imaju apsolutno zadivljujući sistem obrazovanja.
01:49
So we all troop off to Finland,
38
94000
2000
I tako svi odmarširamo do Finske,
01:51
and we wonder at the social democratic miracle of Finland
39
96000
3000
i onda se divimo njihovom socio-demokratskom čudu
01:54
and its cultural homogeneity and all the rest of it,
40
99000
3000
njihovoj kulturalnoj homogenosti i svemu ostalom,
01:57
and then we struggle to imagine how we might
41
102000
2000
i onda imamo muke da zamislimo kako da te
01:59
bring lessons back.
42
104000
2000
lekcije primenimo kod kuće.
02:01
Well, so, for this last year,
43
106000
2000
Tako da sam, u poslednjih godinu dana,
02:03
with the help of Cisco who sponsored me,
44
108000
2000
uz pomoć Cisco kompanije, koja me je, iz nekog šašavog
02:05
for some balmy reason, to do this,
45
110000
3000
razloga, sponzorisala da to učinim,
02:08
I've been looking somewhere else.
46
113000
2000
tražio odgovor na drugim mestima.
02:10
Because actually radical innovation does sometimes
47
115000
3000
Radikalna inovacija zaista ponekad može da
02:13
come from the very best,
48
118000
2000
dođe od najboljih,
02:15
but it often comes from places
49
120000
2000
ali ona često dolazi i iz sredina
02:17
where you have huge need --
50
122000
2000
gde postoji velika potreba,
02:19
unmet, latent demand --
51
124000
2000
neispunjena, skrivena potreba
02:21
and not enough resources for traditional solutions to work --
52
126000
3000
i nedovoljni resursi da bi se primenila tradicionalna rešenja --
02:24
traditional, high-cost solutions,
53
129000
2000
tradicionalna skupa rešenja
02:26
which depend on professionals,
54
131000
2000
koja zavise od profesionalnih ustanova,
02:28
which is what schools and hospitals are.
55
133000
2000
kao što su škole i bolnice.
02:30
So I ended up in places like this.
56
135000
2000
Tako sam se našao na mestima kao što su ova.
02:32
This is a place called Monkey Hill.
57
137000
3000
Ovo je Manki Hil.
02:35
It's one of the hundreds of favelas in Rio.
58
140000
3000
Jedno od stotina sirotinjskih naselja, favela u Riju.
02:38
Most of the population growth of the next 50 years
59
143000
3000
Najveći deo rasta populacije u sledećih 50 godina
02:41
will be in cities.
60
146000
2000
odvijaće se u gradovima.
02:43
We'll grow by six cities of 12 million people a year
61
148000
3000
Svetska populacija će svake godine rasti za po šest gradova sa 12 miliona stanovnika
02:46
for the next 30 years.
62
151000
2000
i tako narednih 30 godina.
02:48
Almost all of that growth will be in the developed world.
63
153000
3000
Skoro sav taj rast će se dešavati u razvijenom svetu.
02:51
Almost all of that growth will be
64
156000
2000
Ali on će se uglavnom dešavati
02:53
in places like Monkey Hill.
65
158000
2000
na mestima kao što je Manki Hil.
02:55
This is where you'll find the fastest growing
66
160000
2000
Ovo su mesta gde ćete videti najbrže rastuću
02:57
young populations of the world.
67
162000
2000
populaciju mladih u svetu.
02:59
So if you want recipes to work --
68
164000
2000
Znači, ako želite recept koji funkcioniše --
03:01
for virtually anything -- health, education,
69
166000
2000
u bilo kojoj oblasti -- zdravstvo, obrazovanje,
03:03
government politics
70
168000
2000
državna politika
03:05
and education --
71
170000
2000
i školstvo --
03:07
you have to go to these places.
72
172000
2000
morate da idete na ovakva mesta.
03:09
And if you go to these places, you meet people like this.
73
174000
2000
I ako odete na ta mesta, upoznaćete ljude kao ove.
03:11
This is a guy called Juanderson.
74
176000
2000
Ovo je momak pod imenom Huanderson.
03:13
At the age of 14,
75
178000
2000
Sa 14 godina,
03:15
in common with many 14-year-olds in the Brazilian education system,
76
180000
3000
slično kao i mnogi 14-ogodišnjaci u brazilskom sistemu obrazovanja,
03:18
he dropped out of school.
77
183000
2000
napustio je školu.
03:20
It was boring.
78
185000
2000
Bila je dosadna.
03:22
And Juanderson, instead, went into
79
187000
2000
I Huanderson je umesto toga, krenuo u
03:24
what provided kind of opportunity and hope
80
189000
2000
ono što obezbeđuje vrstu životne prilike i nade,
03:26
in the place that he lived, which was the drugs trade.
81
191000
3000
u mestu u kojem je živeo, a to je - trgovina drogom.
03:29
And by the age of 16, with rapid promotion,
82
194000
3000
I do svoje šesnaeste godine, uz brzo napredovanje,
03:32
he was running the drugs trade in 10 favelas.
83
197000
2000
nadgledao je trgovinu drogom u 10 favela.
03:34
He was turning over 200,000 dollars a week.
84
199000
3000
Obrt mu je iznosio 200 hiljada dolara nedeljno.
03:37
He employed 200 people.
85
202000
2000
Zapošljavao je 200 ljudi.
03:39
He was going to be dead by the age of 25.
86
204000
2000
I bio bi mrtav pre svoje 25. godine.
03:41
And luckily, he met this guy,
87
206000
2000
Srećom, upoznao je ovog momka,
03:43
who is Rodrigo Baggio,
88
208000
2000
pod imenom Rodrigo Bađio,
03:45
the owner of the first laptop to ever appear in Brazil.
89
210000
3000
vlasnika prvog laptopa ikad u Brazilu.
03:48
1994, Rodrigo started something
90
213000
2000
1994. godine, Rodrigo je započeo nešto
03:50
called CDI,
91
215000
2000
što se zvalo CDI,
03:52
which took computers
92
217000
2000
projekat koji je kompjutere,
03:54
donated by corporations,
93
219000
2000
dobijene donacijom od korporacija,
03:56
put them into community centers in favelas
94
221000
2000
postavljao u mesnim zajednicama naselja
03:58
and created places like this.
95
223000
3000
I stvarao mesta kao što je ovo.
04:01
What turned Juanderson around
96
226000
2000
Ono što je preobratilo Huandersona
04:03
was technology for learning
97
228000
2000
bila je tehnologija koja je učenje
04:05
that made learning fun and accessible.
98
230000
2000
učinila zabavnim i pristupačnim.
04:07
Or you can go to places like this.
99
232000
2000
Ili možete otići na mesta kao što je ovo.
04:09
This is Kibera, which is the largest slum in East Africa.
100
234000
3000
Ovo je Kibera, koja je najveća sirotinjska naseobina u istočnoj Africi.
04:12
Millions of people living here,
101
237000
2000
Ovde žive milioni ljudi,
04:14
stretched over many kilometers.
102
239000
2000
naselje se prostire kilometrima.
04:16
And there I met these two,
103
241000
2000
I tamo sam upoznao ove dve devojke,
04:18
Azra on the left, Maureen on the right.
104
243000
2000
Azra je s leve strane, Morin sa desne.
04:20
They just finished their Kenyan certificate
105
245000
2000
One su upravo dobile kenijsku potvrdu
04:22
of secondary education.
106
247000
2000
o završenom srednjem obrazovanju (CSE).
04:24
That name should tell you that the Kenyan education system
107
249000
3000
Ovo ime vam govori da kenijski sistem obrazovanja
04:27
borrows almost everything
108
252000
2000
pozajmljuje gotovo sve
04:29
from Britain, circa 1950,
109
254000
3000
od Britanskog sistema, cca 1950. godine,
04:32
but has managed to make it even worse.
110
257000
3000
s tim što je uspeo da ga načini još gorim.
04:35
So there are schools in slums like this.
111
260000
2000
Dakle, postoje škole u mestima kao što je ovo.
04:37
They're places like this.
112
262000
2000
One izgledaju ovako.
04:39
That's where Maureen went to school.
113
264000
2000
Tu je Morin išla u školu.
04:41
They're private schools. There are no state schools in slums.
114
266000
3000
To su privatne škole. Državnih škola nema u karton-naseljima.
04:44
And the education they got was pitiful.
115
269000
3000
Obrazovanje koje su tu dobile bilo je jadno.
04:47
It was in places like this. This a school set up by some nuns
116
272000
3000
Na mestima kao što je ovo. Ovu školu su osnovale neke kaluđerice
04:50
in another slum called Nakuru.
117
275000
3000
u drugom divljem naselju pod imenom Nakuru.
04:53
Half the children in this classroom have no parents
118
278000
3000
Polovina dece u ovom razredu nema roditelje
04:56
because they've died through AIDS.
119
281000
2000
jer su umrli od AIDS-a.
04:58
The other half have one parent
120
283000
2000
Druga polovina ima samo jednog roditelja
05:00
because the other parent has died through AIDS.
121
285000
3000
jer je drugi takođe umro od AIDS-a.
05:03
So the challenges of education
122
288000
2000
Dakle, izazovi školstva
05:05
in this kind of place
123
290000
2000
na ovakvim mestima
05:07
are not to learn the kings and queens of Kenya or Britain.
124
292000
3000
nisu u tome kako obrazovati kraljeve i kraljice Kenije ili Britanije.
05:10
They are to stay alive, to earn a living,
125
295000
3000
Već kako da opstanu, kako da zarade za život,
05:13
to not become HIV positive.
126
298000
3000
kako da ne postanu HIV pozitivni.
05:16
The one technology that spans rich and poor
127
301000
3000
Tehnologija dostupna i bogatima i siromašnima
05:19
in places like this
128
304000
2000
na mestima kao što je ovo
05:21
is not anything to do with industrial technology.
129
306000
2000
nema nikakve veze sa industrijskom tehnologijom.
05:23
It's not to do with electricity or water.
130
308000
2000
Niti ima veze sa strujom ili vodom.
05:25
It's the mobile phone.
131
310000
2000
To je mobilni telefon.
05:27
If you want to design from scratch
132
312000
2000
Ukoliko želite da od nule pokrenete
05:29
virtually any service in Africa,
133
314000
2000
bilo koju uslugu u Africi,
05:31
you would start now with the mobile phone.
134
316000
3000
danas ćete započeti sa mobilnim telefonom.
05:34
Or you could go to places like this.
135
319000
2000
Ili možete otići u mesto kao što je ovo.
05:36
This is a place called the Madangiri Settlement Colony,
136
321000
3000
Zove se Madandžiri kolonija,
05:39
which is a very developed slum
137
324000
2000
koja je veoma razvijeno divlje naselje
05:41
about 25 minutes outside New Delhi,
138
326000
3000
na 25 minuta od Nju Delhija,
05:44
where I met these characters
139
329000
2000
gde sam susreo ove devojke,
05:46
who showed me around for the day.
140
331000
2000
moje vodiče u obilasku tog kraja.
05:48
The remarkable thing about these girls,
141
333000
3000
Izvanredna stvar o ovim devojkama,
05:51
and the sign of the kind of social revolution
142
336000
2000
i znak svojevrsne društvene revolucije,
05:53
sweeping through the developing world
143
338000
2000
koja je zahvatila sve zemlja u razvoju,
05:55
is that these girls are not married.
144
340000
3000
je da ove devojke nisu udate.
05:58
Ten years ago, they certainly would have been married.
145
343000
2000
Pre 10 godina, one bi već sigurno bile udate.
06:00
Now they're not married, and they want to go on
146
345000
2000
Danas one nisu udate i žele da nastave svoje
06:02
to study further, to have a career.
147
347000
2000
školovanje, da imaju karijeru.
06:04
They've been brought up by mothers who are illiterate,
148
349000
3000
Njih su podigle majke koje su nepismene,
06:07
who have never ever done homework.
149
352000
3000
koje nikada nisu radile domaće zadatke.
06:10
All across the developing world there are millions of parents --
150
355000
2000
Širom zemalja u razvoju, postoje milioni roditelja,
06:12
tens, hundreds of millions --
151
357000
2000
na desetine, stotine miliona,
06:14
who for the first time
152
359000
2000
koji po prvi put
06:16
are with children doing homework and exams.
153
361000
3000
imaju decu koja rade domaće zadatke i testove.
06:19
And the reason they carry on studying
154
364000
2000
Razlog zbog kojeg one nastavljaju da uče,
06:21
is not because they went to a school like this.
155
366000
2000
nije zato što su išle u školu kao što je ova.
06:23
This is a private school.
156
368000
2000
Ovo je privatna škola.
06:25
This is a fee-pay school. This is a good school.
157
370000
2000
Ovo je škola koja se plaća. Ovo je dobra škola.
06:27
This is the best you can get
158
372000
2000
Ovo je najbolje što možete dobiti od indijskog obrazovnog sistema
06:29
in Hyderabad in Indian education.
159
374000
3000
u Hajderabadu.
06:32
The reason they went on studying was this.
160
377000
3000
Razlog što su one nastavile sa obrazovanjem je sledeći.
06:35
This is a computer installed in the entrance to their slum
161
380000
3000
Ovo je kompjuter, postavljen na ulasku u njihovo naselje.
06:38
by a revolutionary social entrepreneur
162
383000
2000
Postavio ga je revolucionarni društveni preduzetnik
06:40
called Sugata Mitra
163
385000
2000
pod imenom Sugata Mitra
06:42
who has conducted the most radical experiments,
164
387000
2000
koji je usvojio najradikalniji pristup,
06:44
showing that children, in the right conditions,
165
389000
3000
dokazujući da deca, u ispravnim uslovima,
06:47
can learn on their own with the help of computers.
166
392000
3000
mogu da uče sama, uz pomoć kompjutera.
06:50
Those girls have never touched Google.
167
395000
3000
Ove devojčice nikad nisu prišle Google-u.
06:53
They know nothing about Wikipedia.
168
398000
2000
Ne znaju ništa o Vikipediji.
06:55
Imagine what their lives would be like
169
400000
3000
Zamislite kako bi njihovi životi izgledali
06:58
if you could get that to them.
170
403000
2000
kad biste mogli da im to pružite.
07:00
So if you look, as I did,
171
405000
2000
Tako, ako pogledate, kao što sam ja učinio,
07:02
through this tour,
172
407000
2000
na ovoj turneji,
07:04
and by looking at about a hundred case studies
173
409000
3000
i pročitavši oko sto studija
07:07
of different social entrepreneurs
174
412000
2000
različitih društvenih inovatora i preduzetnika
07:09
working in these very extreme conditions,
175
414000
3000
koji su radili u ovim vrlo ekstremnim uslovima,
07:12
look at the recipes that they come up with for learning,
176
417000
3000
i ako pogledate modele obrazovanja do kojih su došli,
07:15
they look nothing like school.
177
420000
2000
videćete da ovi ni izbliza ne podsećaju na školu.
07:17
What do they look like?
178
422000
2000
Kako ti modeli izgledaju?
07:19
Well, education is a global religion.
179
424000
2000
Pa, obrazovanje je svetska religija.
07:21
And education, plus technology,
180
426000
2000
A obrazovanje plus tehnologija
07:23
is a great source of hope.
181
428000
2000
je veliki izvor nade.
07:25
You can go to places like this.
182
430000
3000
Možete otići na mesta kao što je ovo.
07:28
This is a school three hours outside of Sao Paulo.
183
433000
3000
Ovo je škola na tri sata udaljenosti od Sao Paola.
07:31
Most of the children there have parents who are illiterate.
184
436000
3000
Većina dece iz ove škole ima nepismene roditelje.
07:34
Many of them don't have electricity at home.
185
439000
3000
Mnogi od njih kod svojih kuća nemaju struju.
07:37
But they find it completely obvious
186
442000
3000
Ali za njih je potpuno prirodna stvar
07:40
to use computers, websites,
187
445000
2000
da koriste kompjutere, Internet sajtove,
07:42
make videos, so on and so forth.
188
447000
2000
prave video zapise i tome slično.
07:44
When you go to places like this
189
449000
2000
Kad posetite ovakva mesta
07:46
what you see is that
190
451000
2000
shvatite da
07:48
education in these settings
191
453000
3000
obrazovanje u ovim okolnostima
07:51
works by pull, not push.
192
456000
2000
deluje na principu privlačenja a ne prinude.
07:53
Most of our education system is push.
193
458000
2000
Veći deo našeg obrazovnog sistema je prinuda.
07:55
I was literally pushed to school.
194
460000
2000
Mene su doslovce gurali da idem u školu.
07:57
When you get to school, things are pushed at you:
195
462000
2000
Kad stignete u školu, stvari vam se nameću,
07:59
knowledge, exams,
196
464000
2000
znanje, ispiti,
08:01
systems, timetables.
197
466000
2000
sistemi, rasporedi.
08:03
If you want to attract people like Juanderson
198
468000
2000
Ukoliko želite da privučete ljude kao što je Huanderson
08:05
who could, for instance,
199
470000
2000
koji bi mogao, na primer,
08:07
buy guns, wear jewelry,
200
472000
2000
da kupi oružje, nosi nakit,
08:09
ride motorbikes and get girls
201
474000
2000
vozi motocikle i osvaja devojke,
08:11
through the drugs trade,
202
476000
2000
sve kroz trgovinu drogom,
08:13
and you want to attract him into education,
203
478000
2000
i vi želite da ga privučete da se školuje,
08:15
having a compulsory curriculum doesn't really make sense.
204
480000
3000
vaš obavezni nastavni plan i program zaista nemaju nikakvog smisla.
08:18
That isn't really going to attract him.
205
483000
2000
To ga sigurno neće privući.
08:20
You need to pull him.
206
485000
2000
Morate da ga privučete.
08:22
And so education needs to work by pull, not push.
207
487000
2000
Dakle, obrazovanje treba da deluje na principu privlačnosti, ne prinude.
08:24
And so the idea of a curriculum
208
489000
3000
I tako, koncept nastavnog plana i programa
08:27
is completely irrelevant in a setting like this.
209
492000
2000
je potpuno irelevantan u ovakvim okolnostima.
08:29
You need to start education
210
494000
2000
Obrazovanje treba da započne
08:31
from things that make a difference
211
496000
2000
od stvari koje su značajne
08:33
to them in their settings.
212
498000
2000
za njih, u njihovom okruženju.
08:35
What does that?
213
500000
2000
Koje su to stvari?
08:37
Well, the key is motivation, and there are two aspects to it.
214
502000
3000
Pa, ključ je u motivaciji i tu postoje dva aspekta.
08:40
One is to deliver extrinsic motivation,
215
505000
3000
Jedan je da se obezbedi spoljašnja motivacija
08:43
that education has a payoff.
216
508000
2000
odnosno, da se obrazovanje isplati.
08:45
Our education systems all work
217
510000
3000
Naši obrazovni sistemi svi funkcionišu
08:48
on the principle that there is a payoff,
218
513000
2000
na principu da se oni na kraju isplate,
08:50
but you have to wait quite a long time.
219
515000
2000
ali na to mora prilično da se pričeka.
08:52
That's too long if you're poor.
220
517000
2000
To je predugačak period kada ste siromašni.
08:54
Waiting 10 years for the payoff from education
221
519000
3000
Čekati 10 godina da bi vam se obrazovanje isplatilo
08:57
is too long when you need to meet daily needs,
222
522000
3000
je suviše dug period, kad vam osnovne životne potrebe nisu ispunjene,
09:00
when you've got siblings to look after
223
525000
2000
kad imate braću i sestre o kojima morate da se starate
09:02
or a business to help with.
224
527000
2000
ili posao kojim morate da se bavite.
09:04
So you need education to be relevant and help people
225
529000
2000
Znači, treba vam obrazovanje koje je primenljivo i pomaže ljudima
09:06
to make a living there and then, often.
226
531000
3000
da odmah zarade za život, tu gde jesu.
09:09
And you also need to make it intrinsically interesting.
227
534000
3000
Takođe, morate da ga načinite suštinski zanimljivim.
09:12
So time and again, I found people like this.
228
537000
3000
Tako sam uvek iznova nailazio na ljude kao što su ovi.
09:15
This is an amazing guy, Sebastiao Rocha,
229
540000
3000
Ovo je jedan neverovatan čovek, Sebasteo Roha,
09:18
in Belo Horizonte,
230
543000
2000
iz Belo Horizonta,
09:20
in the third largest city in Brazil.
231
545000
2000
trećeg po veličini grada u Brazilu.
09:22
He's invented more than 200 games
232
547000
2000
Izmislio je više od 200 igrica
09:24
to teach virtually any subject under the sun.
233
549000
3000
da bi podučavao praktično bilo koji predmet pod suncem.
09:27
In the schools and communities
234
552000
2000
U školama i zajednicama
09:29
that Taio works in,
235
554000
2000
u kojima Teo radi,
09:31
the day always starts in a circle
236
556000
2000
deca dan uvek započinju u krugu
09:33
and always starts from a question.
237
558000
3000
i uvek s nekim pitanjem.
09:36
Imagine an education system that started from questions,
238
561000
3000
Zamislite obrazovni sistem koji bi počinjao od pitanja,
09:39
not from knowledge to be imparted,
239
564000
2000
a ne od znanja koje treba saopštiti,
09:41
or started from a game, not from a lesson,
240
566000
3000
ili od igre, a ne od lekcije,
09:44
or started from the premise
241
569000
2000
Ili od stava
09:46
that you have to engage people first
242
571000
3000
da ljude prvo treba uključiti
09:49
before you can possibly teach them.
243
574000
2000
pre nego što možete nečemu da ih naučite.
09:51
Our education systems,
244
576000
2000
U našim obrazovnim sistemima,
09:53
you do all that stuff afterward, if you're lucky,
245
578000
2000
sve te stvari radite naknadno, ukoliko imate sreće,
09:55
sport, drama, music.
246
580000
2000
sport, gluma, muzika.
09:57
These things, they teach through.
247
582000
3000
To su nastavna sredstva.
10:00
They attract people to learning
248
585000
2000
Dok u mestima kao što su ova, ljudi bivaju privučeni obrazovanju
10:02
because it's really a dance project
249
587000
2000
kroz plesni projekat
10:04
or a circus project
250
589000
2000
ili cirkuski projekat
10:06
or, the best example of all --
251
591000
2000
ili, najbolji primer od svih --
10:08
El Sistema in Venezuela --
252
593000
2000
El Sistema u Venecueli --
10:10
it's a music project.
253
595000
2000
koji je muzički projekat.
10:12
And so you attract people through that into learning,
254
597000
2000
Tako da ljude privučete učenju kroz te aktivnosti,
10:14
not adding that on after
255
599000
2000
a ne dodavanjem istih nakon
10:16
all the learning has been done
256
601000
2000
što je učenje završeno
10:18
and you've eaten your cognitive greens.
257
603000
3000
i već ste sažvakali svoje "kognitivno povrće".
10:21
So El Sistema in Venezuela
258
606000
2000
Tako El Sistema u Venecueli
10:23
uses a violin as a technology of learning.
259
608000
3000
koristi violinu kao metod učenja.
10:26
Taio Rocha uses making soap
260
611000
3000
Teo Roha koristi pravljenje sapuna
10:29
as a technology of learning.
261
614000
2000
kao metod učenja.
10:31
And what you find when you go to these schemes
262
616000
2000
I ono što vidite kad pogledate ovakve metode
10:33
is that they use people and places
263
618000
2000
je da one koriste ljude i mesta
10:35
in incredibly creative ways.
264
620000
2000
na neverovatno kreativne načine.
10:37
Masses of peer learning.
265
622000
2000
Vršnjaci pomažu jedni drugima pri učenju.
10:39
How do you get learning to people
266
624000
2000
Kako obezbediti obrazovanje
10:41
when there are no teachers,
267
626000
2000
kad nema učitelja,
10:43
when teachers won't come, when you can't afford them,
268
628000
2000
kad učitelji ne žele da dođu ili ne možete da ih priuštite,
10:45
and even if you do get teachers,
269
630000
3000
ili čak, kad ih i dobijete,
10:48
what they teach isn't relevant to the communities that they serve?
270
633000
3000
ono što predaju, nije primenljivo u zajednicama gde se nalaze?
10:51
Well, you create your own teachers.
271
636000
2000
Pa, stvorite svoje sopstvene učitelje.
10:53
You create peer-to-peer learning,
272
638000
2000
Starija deca podučavaju mlađu,
10:55
or you create para-teachers, or you bring in specialist skills.
273
640000
3000
ili stvorite para-učitelje, ili dovedete specijalistu.
10:58
But you find ways to get learning that's relevant to people
274
643000
3000
Ali postoje načini da ljudima donesete primenljivo obrazovanje
11:01
through technology, people and places that are different.
275
646000
3000
putem tehnologije, ljudi i mesta koja su drugačija.
11:04
So this is a school in a bus
276
649000
2000
Ovo je škola u autobusu
11:06
on a building site
277
651000
3000
na gradilištu
11:09
in Pune, the fastest growing city in Asia.
278
654000
3000
u Puni, najbrže rastućem gradu u Aziji.
11:12
Pune has 5,000 building sites.
279
657000
3000
U Puni postoji 5000 gradilišta.
11:15
It has 30,000 children
280
660000
2000
30 hiljada dece
11:17
on those building sites.
281
662000
2000
živi na tim gradilištima.
11:19
That's one city.
282
664000
2000
To je ceo jedan grad.
11:21
Imagine that urban explosion
283
666000
2000
Zamislite eksploziju urbanog razvoja
11:23
that's going to take place across the developing world
284
668000
3000
koja će dogoditi širom zemalja u razvoju
11:26
and how many thousands of children
285
671000
2000
i koliko hiljada dece
11:28
will spend their school years on building sites.
286
673000
2000
će provesti svoje školske godine na takvim gradilištima.
11:30
Well, this is a very simple scheme
287
675000
2000
Dakle, ovo je vrlo jednostavan projekat
11:32
to get the learning to them through a bus.
288
677000
3000
da im se obrazovanje približi pomoću autobusa.
11:35
And they all treat learning,
289
680000
3000
I svi oni učenje doživljavaju,
11:38
not as some sort of academic, analytical activity,
290
683000
3000
ne kao neku akademsku, analitičku aktivnost,
11:41
but as that's something that's productive,
291
686000
2000
već kao nešto što je produktivno,
11:43
something you make,
292
688000
2000
nešto što pravite,
11:45
something that you can do, perhaps earn a living from.
293
690000
3000
nešto što možete da uradite i od toga čak zaradite za život.
11:48
So I met this character, Steven.
294
693000
3000
Tako sam upoznao ovog momka, Stivena.
11:51
He'd spent three years in Nairobi living on the streets
295
696000
3000
Proveo je tri godine u Najrobiju živeći na ulicama
11:54
because his parents had died of AIDS.
296
699000
2000
jer su njegovi roditelji umrli od AIDS-a.
11:56
And he was finally brought back into school,
297
701000
2000
Konačno se vratio u školu,
11:58
not by the offer of GCSEs,
298
703000
2000
ne zbog srednjoškolske diplome britanskog sistema,
12:00
but by the offer of learning how to become a carpenter,
299
705000
3000
već zbog ponude da nauči stolarski zanat,
12:03
a practical making skill.
300
708000
2000
praktičnu zanatsku veštinu.
12:05
So the trendiest schools in the world,
301
710000
2000
Čak i najprestižnije škole u svetu,
12:07
High Tech High and others,
302
712000
2000
kao što su Haj Tek srednja i druge,
12:09
they espouse a philosophy of learning as productive activity.
303
714000
3000
priznaju filozofiju učenja kao produktivne aktivnosti.
12:12
Here, there isn't really an option.
304
717000
2000
Ovde i nema drugog izbora.
12:14
Learning has to be productive
305
719000
2000
Obrazovanje mora da bude upotrebljivo
12:16
in order for it to make sense.
306
721000
3000
da bi imalo smisla.
12:19
And finally, they have a different model of scale,
307
724000
3000
I konačno, oni imaju drugačiji model rasta.
12:22
and it's a Chinese restaurant model
308
727000
2000
I to je model po kojem se šire
12:24
of how to scale.
309
729000
2000
kineski restorani.
12:26
And I learned it from this guy,
310
731000
2000
To sam naučio od ovog momka,
12:28
who is an amazing character.
311
733000
2000
neverovatne osobe.
12:30
He's probably the most remarkable social entrepreneur
312
735000
2000
On je, moguće, najznačajniji društveni preduzetnik na svetu
12:32
in education in the world.
313
737000
2000
u oblasti obrazovanja.
12:34
His name is Madhav Chavan,
314
739000
2000
Njegovo ime je Madhav Chavan,
12:36
and he created something called Pratham.
315
741000
2000
i on je stvorio nešto što se zove Pratham.
12:38
And Pratham runs preschool play groups
316
743000
3000
Pratham danas vodi predškolske grupe za igru
12:41
for, now, 21 million children in India.
317
746000
3000
za 21 milion dece u Indiji.
12:44
It's the largest NGO in education in the world.
318
749000
3000
To je najveća NVO u obrazovanju na svetu.
12:47
And it also supports working-class kids going into Indian schools.
319
752000
3000
Takođe, podržava decu radnika koja idu u indijske škole.
12:50
He's a complete revolutionary.
320
755000
2000
On je apsolutni revolucionar.
12:52
He's actually a trade union organizer by background,
321
757000
3000
Zapravo, on je sindikalni organizator po zanimanju.
12:55
and that's how he learned the skills
322
760000
2000
I tu je stekao sposobnosti
12:57
to build his organization.
323
762000
2000
koje su mu pomogle da izgradi ovu organizaciju.
12:59
When they got to a certain stage,
324
764000
2000
Kada su stigli do određenog stupnja u razvoju,
13:01
Pratham got big enough to attract
325
766000
2000
projekat Pratham je postao dovoljno velik da privuče
13:03
some pro bono support from McKinsey.
326
768000
2000
pro-bono podršku od Mekkinsija (velika firma za menadžment konsalting).
13:05
McKinsey came along and looked at his model and said,
327
770000
3000
Došli su iz Mekkinsija, pogledali u njegov model i rekli,
13:08
"You know what you should do with this, Madhav?
328
773000
2000
"Znate li šta treba da uradite sa ovim projektom g. Madhav?
13:10
You should turn it into McDonald's.
329
775000
2000
Treba da ga pretvorite u MekDonalds
13:12
And what you do when you go to any new site
330
777000
2000
I tako, kad god dođete na neku novu lokaciju
13:14
is you kind of roll out a franchise.
331
779000
2000
vi jednostavno otvorite franšizu.
13:16
And it's the same wherever you go.
332
781000
2000
Ona je ista gde god da odete.
13:18
It's reliable and people know exactly where they are.
333
783000
3000
To ljudima uliva pouzdanje jer znaju tačno gde se nalaze.
13:21
And there will be no mistakes."
334
786000
2000
I tako neće biti greške."
13:23
And Madhav said,
335
788000
2000
A Madhav im je odgovorio,
13:25
"Why do we have to do it that way?
336
790000
2000
"Zašto moramo da to učinimo na taj način?
13:27
Why can't we do it more like the Chinese restaurants?"
337
792000
3000
Zašto taj model ne bi bio više nalik na kineske restorane?"
13:30
There are Chinese restaurants everywhere,
338
795000
2000
Kineski restorani su svuda,
13:32
but there is no Chinese restaurant chain.
339
797000
3000
ali ne postoji lanac kineskih restorana.
13:35
Yet, everyone knows what is a Chinese restaurant.
340
800000
2000
I pored toga, svako zna šta je kineski restoran.
13:37
They know what to expect, even though it'll be subtly different
341
802000
3000
Znaju šta da očekuju, čak i kada se ovi donekle razlikuju.
13:40
and the colors will be different and the name will be different.
342
805000
2000
Možda će enterijer biti drugačiji ili će nositi drugačije ime.
13:42
You know a Chinese restaurant when you see it.
343
807000
3000
Ali vi znate šta je kineski restoran kad ga vidite.
13:45
These people work with the Chinese restaurant model --
344
810000
3000
Ovi ljudi, dakle, rade po modelu kineskog restorana.
13:48
same principles, different applications and different settings --
345
813000
3000
Isti principi, ali različita primena i različita okruženja.
13:51
not the McDonald's model.
346
816000
2000
Ne po MekDonaldsovom modelu.
13:53
The McDonald's model scales.
347
818000
2000
Princip MekDonaldsa je da se penje.
13:55
The Chinese restaurant model spreads.
348
820000
3000
Princip kineskog restorana je da se širi.
13:58
So mass education
349
823000
2000
Tako je masovno obrazovanje
14:00
started with social entrepreneurship
350
825000
2000
započelo socijalnim preduzetništvom
14:02
in the 19th century.
351
827000
2000
u 19. veku.
14:04
And that's desperately what we need again
352
829000
2000
I to je ono što nam je sad ponovo očajnički potrebno
14:06
on a global scale.
353
831000
2000
na globalnom nivou.
14:08
And what can we learn from all of that?
354
833000
2000
Šta možemo da naučimo iz svega ovoga?
14:10
Well, we can learn a lot
355
835000
2000
Pa, možemo da naučimo mnogo,
14:12
because our education systems
356
837000
2000
jer naši obrazovni sistemi
14:14
are failing desperately in many ways.
357
839000
2000
očajno podbacuju u svakom aspektu.
14:16
They fail to reach the people
358
841000
2000
Ne uspevaju da dosegnu one
14:18
they most need to serve.
359
843000
2000
kojima najviše treba da služe.
14:20
They often hit their target but miss the point.
360
845000
3000
Često pogode metu ali promaše smisao.
14:23
Improvement is increasingly
361
848000
2000
Sve teže je doći do
14:25
difficult to organize;
362
850000
2000
napretka u sistemu.
14:27
our faith in these systems, incredibly fraught.
363
852000
3000
Naše poverenje u te sisteme je izuzetno narušeno.
14:30
And this is just a very simple way of
364
855000
2000
A ovi primeri vrlo jednostavno
14:32
understanding what kind of innovation,
365
857000
3000
ukazuju koja nam je vrsta inovacije,
14:35
what kind of different design we need.
366
860000
3000
drugačijeg koncepta, potrebna.
14:38
There are two basic types of innovation.
367
863000
2000
Postoje dve osnovne vrste inovacije.
14:40
There's sustaining innovation,
368
865000
2000
Postoji održavajuća inovacija,
14:42
which will sustain an existing institution or an organization,
369
867000
3000
koja održava postojeću instituciju ili organizaciju,
14:45
and disruptive innovation
370
870000
2000
i postoji - remetilačka inovacija
14:47
that will break it apart, create some different way of doing it.
371
872000
3000
koja će je razoriti, stvorivši neki novi pristup stvarima.
14:50
There are formal settings --
372
875000
2000
Postoje formalna okruženja,
14:52
schools, colleges, hospitals --
373
877000
2000
škole, fakulteti, bolnice,
14:54
in which innovation can take place,
374
879000
2000
u kojima ima prostora za inovaciju,
14:56
and informal settings -- communities,
375
881000
2000
i neformalna okruženja, zajednice,
14:58
families, social networks.
376
883000
2000
porodice, socijalne mreže.
15:00
Almost all our effort goes in this box,
377
885000
2000
Gotovo svi naši napori su usmereni na ovu kutiju -
15:02
sustaining innovation in formal settings,
378
887000
3000
održavajuću inovaciju u formalnom okruženju,
15:05
getting a better version
379
890000
2000
stvaranje bolje verzije
15:07
of the essentially Bismarckian school system
380
892000
2000
jednog, suštinski, Bizmarkovog školskog sistema,
15:09
that developed in the 19th century.
381
894000
3000
koji je razvijen u 19. veku.
15:12
And as I said, the trouble with this is that,
382
897000
2000
I kao što sam rekao, problem sa tim je što
15:14
in the developing world
383
899000
2000
u zemljama u razvoju
15:16
there just aren't teachers to make this model work.
384
901000
2000
jednostavno nema dovoljno nastavnika da bi ovaj model funkcionisao.
15:18
You'd need millions and millions of teachers
385
903000
3000
Za to bi bili neophodni milioni nastavnika
15:21
in China, India, Nigeria
386
906000
2000
u Kini, Indiji, Nigeriji
15:23
and the rest of developing world to meet need.
387
908000
3000
i ostalim zemljama u razvoju, da bi ta potreba bila ispunjena.
15:26
And in our system, we know
388
911000
2000
A i u našem sistemu, mi znamo
15:28
that simply doing more of this won't eat into
389
913000
3000
da njegovo prosto uvećanje neće načeti
15:31
deep educational inequalities,
390
916000
2000
duboke obrazovne nejednakosti,
15:33
especially in inner cities
391
918000
2000
naročito u siromašnim, urbanim kvartovima
15:35
and former industrial areas.
392
920000
2000
i bivšim industrijskim naseljima.
15:37
So that's why we need three more kinds of innovation.
393
922000
3000
Zato su nam potrebne sledeće tri vrste inovacije.
15:40
We need more reinvention.
394
925000
2000
Treba nam više novih izuma.
15:42
And all around the world now you see
395
927000
2000
Širom sveta danas vidimo
15:44
more and more schools reinventing themselves.
396
929000
3000
sve više škola koje same sebe iznova osmišljavaju.
15:47
They're recognizably schools, but they look different.
397
932000
3000
I dalje su prepoznatljive kao škole, ali sada drugačije izgledaju.
15:50
There are Big Picture schools
398
935000
2000
To su škole "širokog pogleda" (Big Picture)
15:52
in the U.S. and Australia.
399
937000
2000
u SAD i Australiji.
15:54
There are Kunskapsskolan schools
400
939000
2000
To su Kunskap škole
15:56
in Sweden.
401
941000
2000
u Švedskoj.
15:58
Of 14 of them,
402
943000
3000
Od njih 14,
16:01
only two of them are in schools.
403
946000
2000
samo dve se nalaze u školskim zgradama.
16:03
Most of them are in other buildings not designed as schools.
404
948000
3000
Ostatak je smešten u zgradama koje nisu projektovane kao škole.
16:06
There is an amazing school in Northen Queensland
405
951000
2000
Postoji jedna fenomenalna škola u Severnom Kvinslandu (Australija)
16:08
called Jaringan.
406
953000
2000
pod nazivom Džaringan.
16:10
And they all have the same kind of features:
407
955000
2000
Sve one imaju ista obeležja,
16:12
highly collaborative, very personalized,
408
957000
3000
vrlo saradljivu, veoma personalizovanu,
16:15
often pervasive technology,
409
960000
3000
često prodornu tehnologiju.
16:18
learning that starts from questions
410
963000
2000
U tim školama, učenje započinje pitanjem,
16:20
and problems and projects,
411
965000
2000
problemima i projektima,
16:22
not from knowledge and curriculum.
412
967000
2000
ne gotovim znanjem i nastavnim planom.
16:24
So we certainly need more of that.
413
969000
2000
Tako da nam svakako treba više toga.
16:26
But because so many of the issues in education
414
971000
3000
Ali zato što mnoga od pitanja u obrazovanju
16:29
aren't just in school,
415
974000
2000
nisu samo u vezi sa školom
16:31
they're in family and community,
416
976000
2000
već i porodicom i širom zajednicom,
16:33
what you also need, definitely,
417
978000
2000
ono što nam još treba, definitivno,
16:35
is more on the right hand side.
418
980000
2000
je više izuma na desnoj strani ovde.
16:37
You need efforts to supplement schools.
419
982000
3000
Potrebno je uložiti napor da dopunimo školstvo.
16:40
The most famous of these is Reggio Emilia in Italy,
420
985000
3000
Najpoznatiji od ovih je Ređio Emilija pristup u Italiji,
16:43
the family-based learning system
421
988000
3000
obrazovni sistem zasnovan na porodici
16:46
to support and encourage people in schools.
422
991000
3000
koji podržava i ohrabruje učenike u školama.
16:49
The most exciting is the Harlem Children's Zone,
423
994000
3000
A najuzbudljiviji od svih je projekat Dečja zona u Harlemu,
16:52
which over 10 years, led by Geoffrey Canada,
424
997000
3000
koji tokom poslednjih 10 godina vodi Džefri Kanada,
16:55
has, through a mixture of schooling
425
1000000
2000
i koji je, kroz mešavinu nastave u školi
16:57
and family and community projects,
426
1002000
2000
i porodičnih kao i lokalnih projekata,
16:59
attempted to transform not just education in schools,
427
1004000
3000
pokušao da preobrazi, ne samo obrazovanje u školama,
17:02
but the entire culture and aspiration
428
1007000
3000
već kompletnu kulturu i stremljenje
17:05
of about 10,000 families in Harlem.
429
1010000
3000
oko 10 hiljada porodica iz Harlema (Njujork).
17:08
We need more of that
430
1013000
2000
Treba nam više takvog,
17:10
completely new and radical thinking.
431
1015000
2000
potpuno novog i radikalnog razmišljanja.
17:12
You can go to places an hour away, less,
432
1017000
3000
Možete otići do mesta udaljenih sat vremena,
17:15
from this room,
433
1020000
2000
ili čak manje, od ove sobe,
17:17
just down the road, which need that,
434
1022000
3000
do komšiluka kojem je upravo to potrebno,
17:20
which need radicalism of a kind that we haven't imagined.
435
1025000
3000
kojima je potreban radikalan pristup kakav nismo zamišljali.
17:23
And finally, you need transformational innovation
436
1028000
2000
I konačno, potrebna nam je preobražavajuća inovacija
17:25
that could imagine getting learning to people
437
1030000
2000
koja je u stanju da ljudima približi obrazovanje
17:27
in completely new and different ways.
438
1032000
3000
na potpuno nove i različite načine.
17:30
So we are on the verge, 2015,
439
1035000
3000
Nalazimo se na domak, 2015. godine,
17:33
of an amazing achievement,
440
1038000
3000
neverovatnog postignuća,
17:36
the schoolification of the world.
441
1041000
2000
"školarizacije" sveta.
17:38
Every child up to the age of 15 who wants a place in school
442
1043000
3000
Svako dete do 15-e godine koje želi mesto u školi
17:41
will be able to have one in 2015.
443
1046000
2000
će moći da ga ima u 2015. godini.
17:43
It's an amazing thing.
444
1048000
2000
To je neverovatna stvar.
17:45
But it is,
445
1050000
2000
Ali za razliku
17:47
unlike cars, which have developed
446
1052000
2000
od automobilske industrije koja se razvila
17:49
so rapidly and orderly,
447
1054000
2000
tako brzo i uredno,
17:51
actually the school system is recognizably
448
1056000
3000
školski sistem je nesumnjivo
17:54
an inheritance from the 19th century,
449
1059000
2000
nasleđe iz 19. veka,
17:56
from a Bismarkian model of German schooling
450
1061000
3000
po Bizmarkovom modelu nemačkog školstva
17:59
that got taken up by English reformers,
451
1064000
3000
kojeg su preuzeli engleski reformisti,
18:02
and often by
452
1067000
3000
i često
18:05
religious missionaries,
453
1070000
2000
verski misionari,
18:07
taken up in the United States
454
1072000
2000
a u SAD
18:09
as a force of social cohesion,
455
1074000
2000
kao sila socijalne kohezije,
18:11
and then in Japan and South Korea as they developed.
456
1076000
3000
i konačno u Japanu i Južnoj Koreji tokom njihovog razvoja.
18:14
It's recognizably 19th century in its roots.
457
1079000
2000
Koren današnjeg obrazovanja je nesumnjivo u 19. veku.
18:16
And of course it's a huge achievement.
458
1081000
2000
Naravno da je to veliko dostignuće.
18:18
And of course it will bring great things.
459
1083000
2000
Naravno da će doneti velike stvari.
18:20
It will bring skills and learning and reading.
460
1085000
3000
Doneće stručnost, učenost i pismenost.
18:23
But it will also lay waste to imagination.
461
1088000
3000
Ali takođe - opustošiće maštovitost.
18:26
It will lay waste to appetite. It will lay waste to social confidence.
462
1091000
3000
Opustošiće (intelektualni) apetit. Opustošiće poverenje u društvo.
18:29
It will stratify society
463
1094000
2000
Raslojiće društvo
18:31
as much as it liberates it.
464
1096000
2000
isto koliko ga i oslobađa.
18:33
And we are bequeathing to the developing world
465
1098000
2000
Zemljama u razvoju ostavljamo u zaveštanje
18:35
school systems that they will now spend
466
1100000
3000
školski sistem na koji će oni potrošiti ceo vek
18:38
a century trying to reform.
467
1103000
2000
pokušavajući da ga reformišu.
18:40
That is why we need really radical thinking,
468
1105000
3000
To je razlog zbog kojeg nam je potrebno istinsko radikalno mišljenje,
18:43
and why radical thinking is now
469
1108000
2000
i zbog kojeg je radikalno razmišljanje o načinu na koji učimo
18:45
more possible and more needed than ever in how we learn.
470
1110000
3000
danas mnogo i verovatnije i potrebnije nego ikada.
18:48
Thank you. (Applause)
471
1113000
2000
Hvala.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Charles Leadbeater - Innovation consultantA researcher at the London think tank Demos, Charles Leadbeater was early to notice the rise of "amateur innovation" -- great ideas from outside the traditional walls, from people who suddenly have the tools to collaborate, innovate and make their expertise known.
Why you should listen
Charles Leadbeater's theories on innovation have compelled some of the world's largest organizations to rethink their strategies. A financial journalist turned innovation consultant (for clients ranging from the British government to Microsoft), Leadbeater noticed the rise of "pro-ams" -- passionate amateurs who act like professionals, making breakthrough discoveries in many fields, from software to astronomy to kite-surfing. His 2004 essay "The Pro-Am Revolution" -- which The New York Times called one of the year's biggest global ideas -- highlighted the rise of this new breed of amateur.
Prominent examples range from the mountain bike to the open-source operating system Linux, from Wikipedia to the Jubilee 2000 campaign, which helped persuade Western nations to cancel more than $30 billion in third-world debt. In his upcoming book, We-Think, Leadbeater explores how this emerging culture of mass creativity and participation could reshape companies and governments. A business reporter by training, he was previously an editor for the Financial Times, and later, The Independent, where, with Helen Fielding, he developed the "Bridget Jones' Diary" column. Currently, he is researching for Atlas of Ideas, a program that is mapping changes in the global geography of science and innovation.
Charles Leadbeater | Speaker | TED.com