TED@Westpac
Sarah Murray: A playful solution to the housing crisis
萨拉 · 默里: 笑对住房危机
Filmed:
Readability: 4.6
1,157,928 views
由于在住房市场中缺乏自我控制而感到挫败，萨拉 · 默里打造了一款计算机游戏，能够让房屋购买者设计出一栋房屋，并以实地装配的模块零件呈付。一起来了解她的努力如何使房屋购买者有能力控制他们一生中最大的买卖——同时减少开销，保护环境，帮助为需要的人提供房屋。
Sarah Murray - Digital housing developer
Sarah Murray is building a future of democratized design and construction. Full bio
Sarah Murray is building a future of democratized design and construction. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Hi.
0
1507
1413
大家好，
00:14
My name's Sarah,
1
2944
1214
我是萨拉。
00:17
and I've been priced out
of the housing market.
of the housing market.
2
5087
2839
我买不起市场上出售的房子。
00:21
In fact,
3
9809
1183
事实上，
00:24
I'm one of the majority of my generation
4
12395
3572
我只是我这一代大多数
买不起住房的
买不起住房的
00:27
who can't afford a home.
5
15991
2088
许多人中的一个。
00:31
And in 2017, home ownership
amongst young Australians
amongst young Australians
6
19228
4999
2017年，澳大利亚
年轻人中的房屋拥有率
年轻人中的房屋拥有率
00:36
has fallen to the lowest level
in recorded history.
in recorded history.
7
24251
4925
已经降至了有史以来的最低水平。
00:42
So, foolishly or otherwise,
8
30601
3540
也许因为一时糊涂，
或者正相反，
或者正相反，
我决定自己盖房子。
00:46
I decided to build my own home.
9
34165
1920
00:49
But the prognosis
wasn't good there, either.
wasn't good there, either.
10
37585
2531
但预算不容乐观。
00:53
Architects cater for the one percent,
11
41069
3134
一方面要满足建筑师（的要求），
（然而）建筑者却十分稀缺，
00:56
builders are scarce,
12
44227
1580
导致了服务不连贯，
价格也十分高昂。
价格也十分高昂。
00:57
so service is inconsistent
and prices are high.
and prices are high.
13
45831
3547
01:02
The single biggest investment in my life,
14
50325
3728
这是我人生中目前为止
最大的一笔投资，
最大的一笔投资，
01:06
and I was amazed
how little self-determination,
how little self-determination,
15
54077
3733
我惊讶于自己拥有的自我决定，
01:10
choice
16
58704
1159
选择，
01:12
and, ultimately, control I had.
17
60442
2444
以及最终的控制权，是如此有限。
01:16
What's more, I was doubly surprised
at how vulnerable this made me feel.
at how vulnerable this made me feel.
18
64053
5727
除此之外，我也惊讶于
它带给我的脆弱感。
它带给我的脆弱感。
01:22
Frankly, I felt trapped.
19
70560
2695
坦白的说，我觉得自己被困住了。
01:27
So, I reflected on this
for quite some time.
for quite some time.
20
75923
4235
因此，我花了很长时间反思，
01:33
And I realized
21
81031
1563
我意识到
01:34
what I wanted was democratized
design and construction.
design and construction.
22
82618
5712
我想要的，是将设计与建筑民主化。
01:41
And that led to me asking
one very simple question:
one very simple question:
23
89975
4311
这就让我想到了
一个十分简单的问题：
一个十分简单的问题：
01:47
What is building a house?
24
95452
2467
什么是盖房子？
01:51
What is it?
25
99332
1150
它（的定义）是什么？
01:52
Well, it turns out that building a house
26
100934
4175
事实证明，建造一栋房屋
01:57
is making a series of decisions,
some with physical consequences,
some with physical consequences,
27
105133
5484
其实是基于指定的参数集合，
做出一系列的选择，
做出一系列的选择，
其中一些选择会带来
物理上的后果。
物理上的后果。
02:02
within a defined set of parameters.
28
110641
3451
02:06
Now, having worked in software
applications for some time now,
applications for some time now,
29
114950
3778
在软件应用领域工作了一段时间后，
这种描述听起来
让我觉得十分熟悉。
让我觉得十分熟悉。
02:10
this all sounded very familiar to me.
30
118752
2007
02:13
I also couldn't understand
why we build on-site.
why we build on-site.
31
121696
3754
我也不了解为什么非要实地施工，
02:18
No other major assembly in our lives
is constructed like this.
is constructed like this.
32
126442
4854
我们生命中的其它主要装配皆非如此。
02:23
Your car doesn't come to you in pieces
33
131944
2746
你的汽车又不会以
一堆零件的形式呈现在你面前，
一堆零件的形式呈现在你面前，
02:26
with an extra 10 percent just in case,
34
134714
2451
留出10%的额外部分备用，
02:29
to be assembled at the mercy
of the elements.
of the elements.
35
137189
3233
在零件的摆布下进行装配。
02:32
So why should your house?
36
140849
1751
为什么你们的房子就该那样呢？
02:36
So I built a computer game.
37
144460
2841
于是，我创造了一款电脑游戏。
02:40
A game that allows you to design your home
38
148532
3428
你可以自主设计自己的家，
02:43
and have it delivered to you.
39
151984
1799
并把最终成品寄送过来。
02:45
A game that puts the home builder
40
153807
3643
一个将家园设计者
02:49
back at the center of the largest
purchase in their life,
purchase in their life,
41
157474
5147
放到了他们一生中
最大采购活动的中心，
最大采购活动的中心，
02:55
elevating them from spectator to player.
42
163266
4380
将他们的角色从观众提升到了玩家。
03:00
A game with full visibility of the costs
and environmental impact
and environmental impact
43
168927
4449
这个游戏展现了
可视化的开销和你所增加的
可视化的开销和你所增加的
03:05
of each new attribute you add.
44
173400
2268
每个部分所产生的环境影响。
03:08
Using modular components,
players select items from their library
players select items from their library
45
176466
4571
玩家通过模块化的部件
从他们的仓库里选择（条目），
从他们的仓库里选择（条目），
03:13
and drag them into their world.
46
181061
2067
并拉入他们的设计世界。
03:16
Each item, be it a wall, a solar battery
or even an armchair,
or even an armchair,
47
184053
6169
例如一堵墙，一块太阳能电池，
甚至一个单人沙发，
甚至一个单人沙发，
03:22
contains all of the information
for the system to calculate costs,
for the system to calculate costs,
48
190246
4473
皆包含系统需要的
所有信息来计算开销，
所有信息来计算开销，
03:26
environmental impact
49
194743
1898
环境影响，
03:28
and even a happiness tally for the player.
50
196665
2913
甚至为玩家设定的
一个幸福指数器。
一个幸福指数器。
03:33
Eighty-three percent of home builders
said that next to cost,
said that next to cost,
51
201371
4107
83%的房屋建造者
声称除了合适的开销，
声称除了合适的开销，
03:37
environmentally friendly features
were the most important things to them.
were the most important things to them.
52
205502
4589
坏境友好的特征对他们
而言也十分重要。
而言也十分重要。
03:42
So out of the gate, homes
are integrated with solar systems.
are integrated with solar systems.
53
210553
4066
所以一开始，房屋就与
太阳能系统结合。
太阳能系统结合。
03:47
Born green.
54
215276
1989
绿色的开始。
03:50
Sustainable housing is often associated
with wealth and affluence,
with wealth and affluence,
55
218321
4391
可持续的住房经常与
财富充足相联系，
财富充足相联系，
03:54
but that shouldn't be the case.
56
222736
1642
但这不是必须的。
03:56
In fact, truly sustainable housing
should be available to everyone
should be available to everyone
57
224720
4509
事实上，真正意义上的
可持续住房对所有人来说
可持续住房对所有人来说
04:01
and affordable for all.
58
229253
2064
都应该是可实现，
能支付得起的。
能支付得起的。
04:04
So, I had found a way to get
the control back that I was craving
the control back that I was craving
59
232563
6774
因此，我发现了一个能够获得
我一直渴望的控制感的途径，
我一直渴望的控制感的途径，
04:12
and give it to others.
60
240029
2134
并授人以渔。
04:15
But something was still bugging me,
61
243173
1690
但仍然有东西困扰着我，
使我夜不能寐。
04:16
something was still
keeping me up at night.
keeping me up at night.
62
244887
2015
04:21
What about those people
63
249038
1867
那些对自己的房屋
04:23
who have genuinely no control
over where they live?
over where they live?
64
251783
4808
完全没有控制权的人呢？
04:29
Every hour -- in the space
of your intermission --
of your intermission --
65
257704
4144
每小时——在你休息的时候——
04:33
4,000 new homes are needed in the world.
66
261872
4280
世界上对新房屋的
需求量会增加4000栋。
需求量会增加4000栋。
04:38
Wrap your head around that number.
67
266506
1856
想象一下那个数字。
04:41
That's an astonishing 35 million homes
globally, every year.
globally, every year.
68
269585
6800
每年的全球房屋需求量将会
增加惊人的3500万。
增加惊人的3500万。
04:49
And in Australia alone,
69
277641
1746
单是澳大利亚，
04:51
we have a shortfall of 250,000 dwellings.
70
279411
4491
我们就有25万的住房缺口。
04:56
And in addition to that,
71
284768
3166
除此之外，
将会有19万户家庭出现
在住房补贴名单上；
在住房补贴名单上；
04:59
we have 190,000 families
on the assisted-housing wait list;
on the assisted-housing wait list;
72
287958
5841
05:06
families in need of a home.
73
294481
3366
他们迫切需要一个家。
05:11
Between now and 2050,
74
299615
3072
从现在到2050年，
05:14
when the global population
is set to move from today's 7.6 billion
is set to move from today's 7.6 billion
75
302711
6889
当全球人口从今天的76亿
05:21
to tomorrow's 9.8 billion people,
76
309624
5086
变成明天的98亿，
05:26
hundreds of millions of people
77
314734
3262
数以亿计的人
05:30
will experience security, health
and safety issues.
and safety issues.
78
318020
4957
会面临安全，健康等问题。
05:37
Imagine if you can
not feeling secure in your home --
not feeling secure in your home --
79
325127
4554
试想，如果家不能
使你感到安全——
使你感到安全——
05:42
not from crime, not from theft,
80
330626
2462
不是因为犯罪或者偷盗，
05:46
but from the fact
that the building you're in --
that the building you're in --
81
334149
2968
而是因为事实上，
你所在的房屋——
你所在的房屋——
你所住的房屋——
05:49
the building you're in --
82
337141
1206
05:50
might not be structurally sound
83
338371
1933
也许不够结实，
05:53
or built from nontoxic components
84
341268
2603
或者使用了有害的建筑材料，
05:55
or meet local natural disaster standards.
85
343895
2733
亦或者没有满足本地预防
自然灾害的标准。
自然灾害的标准。
06:00
It's the 21st century.
86
348926
1897
现在是21世纪。
06:03
And this just isn't good enough.
87
351760
2539
但上述这一切还远不够完善。
06:09
What if -- what if --
88
357395
2272
如果——如果——
06:13
we could restore control and dignity
to those individuals
to those individuals
89
361167
5529
我们能帮助那些（居无定所的）
人们恢复控制权和尊严，
人们恢复控制权和尊严，
06:18
by giving them a home,
but not just any home:
but not just any home:
90
366720
3355
为他们提供住房，
但不是随便一栋房屋：
但不是随便一栋房屋：
06:23
their home,
91
371165
1150
他们自己的房子，
06:24
and a home of their design.
92
372823
1800
一个由他们设计的家。
06:27
We're currently adapting our game
so that when a player builds a home,
so that when a player builds a home,
93
375756
4099
我们最近正在改良
这款游戏，当一个玩家盖房子时，
这款游戏，当一个玩家盖房子时，
他们是在为需要房屋的
人们贡献自己的力量。
人们贡献自己的力量。
06:31
they're contributing to a home
for someone in need.
for someone in need.
94
379879
2973
06:35
And I know this sounds like a lofty goal,
95
383791
2278
我知道这听起来像是
一个崇高的目标，
一个崇高的目标，
06:38
and it is ridiculously ambitious,
96
386093
2134
野心勃勃，
06:40
but today, our current operating model
97
388839
2778
但在当今，我们目前的运营模式
06:43
operates at a ten-to-one ratio.
98
391641
2610
已经能够满足10比1的需求比例。
06:46
So for every 10 homes we build,
99
394691
2317
也就是说，每设计出10栋房屋，
06:49
we can build a home for someone in need.
100
397032
3232
我们就可以为需要的人
建造一栋房屋。
建造一栋房屋。
06:52
(Applause)
101
400701
4974
（鼓掌）
06:58
This is made possible because today,
102
406022
3738
使这一切成为可能的，
正是由于今天，
正是由于今天，
07:01
with design for manufacture and assembly,
103
409784
2780
通过制造和装配的设计，
07:05
which uses light gauge
steel frame construction,
steel frame construction,
104
413538
4491
结合运输并实地装配的
07:10
shipped and assembled on-site,
105
418053
2397
轻量钢框架，
我们可以节约20%的建筑成本，
07:12
we can decrease construction
costs by 20 percent
costs by 20 percent
106
420474
2920
07:15
and environmental waste by 15 percent,
107
423418
3054
以及15%的环境垃圾，
07:18
saving time, money
108
426496
2261
省时省钱，
07:20
and keeping tons of waste
out of landfills.
out of landfills.
109
428781
3207
还能避免几吨的污染填埋。
07:24
The power in modular construction
110
432586
3381
模块建筑的力量在于
07:27
is that you can build year-round
with confidence in your costs,
with confidence in your costs,
111
435991
4834
你可以整年的建造，
花销无忧，
花销无忧，
07:33
in your quality,
112
441902
1707
质量无忧，
07:35
and in your delivery date,
in your build date.
in your build date.
113
443633
2603
交付日期无忧，工时无忧。
07:38
Now, wouldn't that be crazy?
Wouldn't that be great?
Wouldn't that be great?
114
446260
2519
现在看来，那是不是很疯狂？
是不是很棒？
是不是很棒？
07:41
But --
115
449807
1270
但是——
07:45
that doesn't get me to my goal.
116
453189
2245
那并不是我梦想的终点。
07:47
My goal is one-for-one.
117
455458
3726
我的目标（比率）是1比1。
07:52
So I've been traveling the world,
118
460863
2437
因此我环游世界，
07:55
looking at different alternatives
of construction 3-D printing,
of construction 3-D printing,
119
463324
3325
观摩不同的3-D建筑打印选择，
试着寻找能帮助我实现
宏伟目标的科技。
宏伟目标的科技。
07:58
trying to find technology
that will help me deliver on my ambition.
that will help me deliver on my ambition.
120
466673
3658
08:02
3-D printing is so exciting
and so promising,
and so promising,
121
470919
4340
3D打印的效果十分惊艳，
08:07
offering a 40 percent reduction in cost
and near zero waste.
and near zero waste.
122
475283
4294
降低了40%的建筑成本，
而且几乎无污染。
而且几乎无污染。
08:12
And this is just to name a few,
123
480546
1706
这只是冰山一角，
08:14
but some of the really exciting
innovations happening all over the world
innovations happening all over the world
124
482276
3472
真正令人激动的创新
发明正在全世界发生着，
发明正在全世界发生着，
例如意大利，法国，
迪拜和澳大利亚。
迪拜和澳大利亚。
08:17
are happening in Italy, France,
Dubai and Australia.
Dubai and Australia.
125
485772
3013
08:21
And they use robotic arms
to print everything from solid stone
to print everything from solid stone
126
489101
4352
他们运用机器臂打印固态结构，
水泥，涂蜡。
08:25
to concrete, to wax.
127
493477
1431
08:26
In Italy, they have developed
a technique using sorel cement.
a technique using sorel cement.
128
494932
3917
意大利利用苏鲁水泥
发明了一项技术。
发明了一项技术。
08:31
Sorel cement was originally
invented in 1867,
invented in 1867,
129
499182
4374
苏鲁水泥早在1867年
就被发明出来，
就被发明出来，
08:36
and it's the beautiful chemical marriage
of magnesium oxide and local sand,
of magnesium oxide and local sand,
130
504085
6286
它是氧化镁和本地沙土
完美的化学结合，
完美的化学结合，
08:42
which they can now use
to print solid stone walls.
to print solid stone walls.
131
510395
3768
人们现在可以用它来
打印坚固的石墙。
打印坚固的石墙。
08:46
And in France,
132
514601
1182
在法国，
他们有了一个得到监管机构批准的
程序，虽然仍处于试验阶段。
程序，虽然仍处于试验阶段。
08:47
they have a regulator-approved
although still experimental process
although still experimental process
133
515807
3555
08:51
where they print two parallel
tracks of foam insulation
tracks of foam insulation
134
519386
3564
他们成功打印出了
两条泡沫绝缘体，
两条泡沫绝缘体，
并在中间浇上水泥以
制造坚固的石头。
制造坚固的石头。
08:54
and pour concrete in the middle
to create solid stone.
to create solid stone.
135
522974
3083
08:59
And in Dubai, sitting at the foot
of those two glorious Emirates Towers,
of those two glorious Emirates Towers,
136
527061
5881
我坐在迪拜辉煌的双子塔酒店下，
获得了在沙漠中心的远见卓识。
09:04
is a vision of the future
in the middle of the desert.
in the middle of the desert.
137
532966
2944
09:07
They've got their experimental
office of the future,
office of the future,
138
535934
3579
他们打造了未来的实验室，
09:11
which is constructed
using 3-D printed concrete
using 3-D printed concrete
139
539537
3381
由3D打印聚合体建造而成，
09:14
which was printed in China
140
542942
1350
在中国打印，
09:16
and shipped and assembled
on location in Dubai.
on location in Dubai.
141
544316
2624
并运输至迪拜进行实地装配。
09:19
And not to be outdone,
142
547530
1276
澳大利亚也不甘落后，
09:20
in Australia, we've pioneered
an amazing technology
an amazing technology
143
548830
3603
我们开辟了一个惊人的技术，
09:24
that allows you to print wax molds
144
552457
2517
可以打印出蜡模，
09:26
and pour concrete over the top of them,
145
554998
2500
并将混凝土从上方浇下，
09:29
allowing you to create really intricately
beautiful and cost-effective facades
beautiful and cost-effective facades
146
557522
5666
就可以创造出物美价廉的外表，
下次你们乘坐
09:35
that you can see in person
147
563212
1315
伦敦的地铁，
就能看到类似的地铁装饰。
就能看到类似的地铁装饰。
09:36
the next time you travel
the London Underground.
the London Underground.
148
564551
2415
09:38
But all of these things are tools --
149
566990
3008
但所有这些东西都是工具——
09:42
hammer of tomorrow, if you like.
150
570488
2301
你们也可以叫 明日之锤。
09:44
And the one common thread
that connects all these things
that connects all these things
151
572813
3032
将所有事物联系在一起的
09:47
is computer-aided design.
152
575869
2412
是计算机辅助设计。
09:50
We will need models
to build using these techniques,
to build using these techniques,
153
578305
4773
为实现这些技术，我们需要模型，
09:55
models like the ones being developed
by players in our game.
by players in our game.
154
583434
4577
我们游戏中的玩家所创造的模型。
10:02
I want to put every person that wants one
155
590545
4026
我想号召每个需要
10:06
in a home of their own design.
156
594595
2184
自己设计房屋的人。
10:09
And there are many
more applications still.
more applications still.
157
597761
2309
还有更多的应用有待探索。
10:12
We could usher in an entirely new
empowered experience
empowered experience
158
600476
4737
我们可以以全新被
赋予的经验开辟
赋予的经验开辟
10:17
of special needs
or aged-care accommodation.
or aged-care accommodation.
159
605237
3143
不同年龄的特殊需求。
10:20
And we could provide rapid,
on-site assistance
on-site assistance
160
608737
2570
我们可以为紧急住房需求
提供迅速的，
提供迅速的，
实地的辅助。
10:23
in emergency housing situations.
161
611331
2133
10:26
In the words of one of my players,
162
614371
2484
用一名玩家的话来说：
10:28
"I want to take matters into my own hands
163
616879
2935
“我想亲自播种，
10:31
and live by example."
164
619838
2257
亲自收获。“
10:35
Thank you.
165
623371
1151
谢谢。
（掌声）
10:36
(Applause)
166
624546
3013
Translated by Homer Li
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sarah Murray - Digital housing developerSarah Murray is building a future of democratized design and construction.
Why you should listen
Sarah Murray dreams of a future where sustainable housing is available for everyone and affordable for all. She's building this future, with PLACE Technologies, a digital manufacturing social enterprise powered by the PLACE game, a computer game that allows players to design their own homes and have them delivered to them. For every ten homes PLACE builds, they will house someone in need.
As an entrepreneur in residence with 15 years experience and a graduate of the prestigious Stanford LEAD program, Murray passionately applies this powerful cocktail of skills and experience to the challenges of some of the world's largest organizations and society's most intractable issues.
Sarah Murray | Speaker | TED.com