TEDWomen 2010
Sheikha Al Mayassa: Globalizing the local, localizing the global
Sheikha Al Mayassa: 地方全球化，全球地方化
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Sheikha Al Mayassa 是一位卡塔尔艺术家经理人，讲述者，以及电影制片人。她讲述了艺术和文化是如何创建了一个国家的特性，并且如何与其他国家以及更广阔的世界来分享它独特的特性。她认为：我们不想要千篇一律，但我们也希望互相理解。
Sheikha Al Mayassa - Founder, Doha Film Institute
Sheikha Al Mayassa is the young and progressive force behind Qatar's mission to become the Middle East's foremost destination for the arts and culture. Full bio
Sheikha Al Mayassa is the young and progressive force behind Qatar's mission to become the Middle East's foremost destination for the arts and culture. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Both myself and my brother
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我和我的哥哥
00:17
belong to the under 30 demographic,
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都是30岁以下的人
00:19
which Pat said makes 70 percent,
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Pat说，这一群体占了这地区总人口的70%
00:21
but according to our statistics
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但是根据我们的数据
00:23
it makes 60 percent of the region's population.
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它占了60%
00:26
Qatar is no exception to the region.
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卡塔尔也是如此
00:28
It's a very young nation led by young people.
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卡塔尔是由一群年轻人领导的年轻的国家
00:31
We have been reminiscing about the latest technologies
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我们已经谈论过最新的科技
00:34
and the iPods,
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还有iPods
00:36
and for me the abaya,
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还有这件阿拉伯长袍
00:38
my traditional dress that I'm wearing today.
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我今天所穿的传统服装
00:40
Now this is not a religious garment,
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现今，这件长袍已不是宗教服装
00:42
nor is it a religious statement.
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也不代表宗教性质的宣言
00:44
Instead, it's a diverse cultural statement
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相反，它是我们所选择的
00:47
that we choose to wear.
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多元文化的象征
00:49
Now I remember a few years ago,
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我记得几年前
00:51
a journalist asked Dr. Sheikha, who's sitting here,
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一个记者问卡塔尔大学的校长
00:54
president of Qatar University --
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现在在场的Sheikha博士
00:56
who, by the way, is a woman --
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顺便说一句，Sheikha博士是位女校长
00:58
he asked her whether she thought
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他问她是否认为
01:00
the abaya hindered or infringed her freedom in any way.
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穿阿拉伯长袍在任何形式上阻碍或者侵犯了她的自由
01:03
Her answer was quite the contrary.
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她的答案恰恰相反
01:05
Instead, she felt more free,
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她反而觉得更加自由
01:07
more free because she could wear whatever she wanted
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这是因为在长袍里面
01:09
under the abaya.
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她可以穿任何她想穿的
01:11
She could come to work in her pajamas and nobody would care.
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她可以穿睡衣来上班，并且没有人会在意
01:14
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:16
Not that you do; I'm just saying.
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我只是说说而已，并不是她真的会这样
01:18
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:20
My point is here, people have a choice --
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我是想说，每个人都有一个选择
01:22
just like the Indian lady could wear her sari
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就像印度妇女可以穿莎丽服
01:24
or the Japanese woman could wear her kimono.
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或者是日本妇女可以选择穿和服
01:27
We are changing our culture from within,
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我们正在从内部改变着我们的文化
01:29
but at the same time
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与此同时
01:31
we are reconnecting with our traditions.
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我们也在传承着我们的传统文化
01:33
We know that modernization is happening.
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我们知道现代化正在成为一个趋势
01:35
And yes, Qatar wants to be a modern nation.
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而且，卡塔尔想成为一个现代化的国家
01:37
But at the same time
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但是与此同时
01:39
we are reconnecting and reasserting our Arab heritage.
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我们要延承阿拉伯的文化传统
01:42
It's important for us to grow organically.
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井而有序的发展是很重要的
01:45
And we continuously make the conscious decision
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我们一直在有意地想要达到
01:47
to reach that balance.
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现代化与传统文化之间的平衡
01:49
In fact, research has shown
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事实上，调查显示
01:52
that the more the world is flat,
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世界越平
01:54
if I use Tom Friedman's analogy,
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如果我引用托马斯·弗里德曼（《世界是平的》的作者）的话
01:56
or global,
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或者是越全球化
01:58
the more and more people are wanting to be different.
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就会有越来越多的人想要与众不同
02:00
And for us young people,
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对我们年轻人来说
02:02
they're looking to become individuals
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我们想要个性化
02:04
and find their differences amongst themselves.
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并且找到自己与众不同的地方
02:06
Which is why I prefer the Richard Wilk analogy
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这就是为什么我崇尚Richard Wilk教授
02:09
of globalizing the local
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关于地方全球化
02:11
and localizing the global.
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全球地方化的比喻
02:13
We don't want to be all the same,
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我们不想要千篇一律
02:15
but we want to respect each other and understand each other.
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但是我们也希望互相尊重并理解
02:18
And therefore tradition becomes more important,
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因此，传统文化变得更加重要
02:20
not less important.
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而不是不重要
02:22
Life necessitates a universal world,
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全球化是有必要的
02:25
however, we believe in the security
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但是，我们相信保留本地的特性
02:27
of having a local identity.
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是必不可少的
02:29
And this is what the leaders of this region
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这也是这个地区的领导人
02:31
are trying to do.
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正在尝试做到的
02:33
We're trying to be part of this global village,
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我们想要成为地球村的一部分
02:35
but at the same time we're revising ourselves
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与此同时我们也在改善并发扬
02:38
through our cultural institutions and cultural development.
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我们的文化机构和传统
02:42
I'm a representation of that phenomenon.
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我是这一现象的代表之一
02:45
And I think a lot of people in this room,
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并且我认为这里的很多人
02:47
I can see a lot of you are in the same position as myself.
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跟我一样也代表着这一改变
02:49
And I'm sure, although we can't see the people in Washington,
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并且我相信，华盛顿的人也是一样的
02:52
they are in the same position.
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尽管我们看不到他们
02:54
We're continuously trying to straddle
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我们一直不断地接触着
02:56
different worlds, different cultures
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不同的世界与不同的文化
02:58
and trying to meet the challenges
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并且尝试着满足
03:00
of a different expectation
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我们对自己
03:02
from ourselves and from others.
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以及别人对我们的不同的期望
03:04
So I want to ask a question:
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所以，我想问一个问题：
03:06
What should culture in the 21st century look like?
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21世纪的文化应该是什么样的
03:09
In a time where the world is becoming personalized,
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这个世界正变得个性化
03:12
when the mobile phone, the burger, the telephone,
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手机，汉堡，电话
03:15
everything has its own personal identity,
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所有的事物都有自己独特的特性
03:17
how should we perceive ourselves
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我们应该如何来看待自己
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and how should we perceive others?
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如何看待他人？
03:21
How does that impact our desert culture?
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这些会对我们的沙漠文化产生怎样的影响？
03:24
I'm not sure of how many of you in Washington
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我不知道在华盛顿有多少人
03:27
are aware of the cultural developments happening in the region
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了解这个地区文化的进展
03:30
and, the more recent, Museum of Islamic Art
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最近的一件是，在2008年
03:32
opened in Qatar in 2008.
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伊斯兰艺术博物馆在卡塔尔开放
03:35
I myself am personalizing these cultural developments,
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这些文化上的发展是很个性化的
03:38
but I also understand
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但是我也明白
03:40
that this has to be done organically.
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这些发展必须要有机性地进行
03:42
Yes, we do have all the resources that we need
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我们拥有开发新的文化机构
03:45
in order to develop new cultural institutions,
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所需的所有资源
03:48
but what I think is more important
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但我认为最重要的是
03:50
is that we are very fortunate
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我们很幸运的拥有
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to have visionary leaders
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有远见的领导者
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who understand that this can't happen from outside,
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他们明白这些改变不能在外部发生
03:56
it has to come from within.
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必须要从内部改变
03:58
And guess what?
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你猜怎么着
04:00
You might be surprised to know that most people in the Gulf
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你会惊讶地发现，大部分在阿拉伯地区
04:03
who are leading these cultural initiatives
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这些文化运动的引导者
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happen to be women.
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都是女性
04:07
I want to ask you, why do you think this is?
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请问，为什么是这样的呢
04:10
Is it because it's a soft option;
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因为文化变革是个简单的选择
04:12
we have nothing else to do?
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或者是我们没有其他的事可做？
04:14
No, I don't think so.
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我不这样认为
04:16
I think that women in this part of the world
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我认为这个地区的妇女
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realize that culture is an important component
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意识到文化是
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to connect people
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连接本地和周边人民
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both locally and regionally.
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的重要途径
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It's a natural component
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这是一种自然而然的方式
04:27
for bringing people together, discussing ideas --
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让大家聚在一起，探讨观点
04:30
in the same way we're doing here at TED.
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就像我们在这里举行TED会议一样
04:32
We're here, we're part of a community,
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在这里，我们是社区团体的一部分
04:34
sharing out ideas and discussing them.
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分享并探讨着意见与看法
04:37
Art becomes a very important part
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艺术变成了我们民族特征的
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of our national identity.
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重要组成部分
04:41
The existential and social and political impact
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一个艺术家对于一个民族的
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an artist has
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文化特征的发展
04:47
on his nation's development of cultural identity
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有着其存在上，社会上与政治上的
04:49
is very important.
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重要影响
04:51
You know, art and culture is big business.
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艺术和文化潜藏着巨大的商机
04:53
Ask me.
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你可以问我
04:55
Ask the chairpersons and CEOs
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可以问苏富比拍卖行，
04:57
of Sotheby's and Christie's.
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或佳士得拍卖行的主席和CEO
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Ask Charles Saatchi about great art.
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问问Charles Saatchi那些伟大的艺术品
05:02
They make a lot of money.
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他们都拥有巨大的财富
05:04
So I think women in our society
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所以我认为我们这里的女性
05:06
are becoming leaders,
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成为领导人的原因
05:08
because they realize
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是因为她们意识到
05:10
that for their future generations,
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对于她们的子孙来说
05:12
it's very important
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保留我们的文化特征
05:14
to maintain our cultural identities.
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是非常重要的
05:16
Why else do Greeks demand the return
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要不然为什么希腊要求归还
05:18
of the Elgin Marbles?
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埃尔金大理石雕？
05:20
And why is there an uproar
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为什么当一个收藏家
05:22
when a private collector tries to sell his collection
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要把他的收藏卖给外国博物馆的时候
05:24
to a foreign museum?
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引起了骚动？
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Why does it take me months on end
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为什么我花了数月
05:28
to get an export license from London or New York
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拿到从伦敦或纽约的出口许可证
05:31
in order to get pieces into my country?
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从而得以运送艺术品回国？
05:34
In few hours, Shirin Neshat, my friend from Iran
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很快，我的朋友，Shirin Neshat
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who's a very important artist for us
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一位对我们很重要的伊朗艺术家
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will be talking to you.
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将会与大家见面
05:42
She lives in New York City, but she doesn't try to be a Western artist.
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她住在纽约，但是她并不想要变成一位西方艺术家
05:45
Instead, she tries to engage
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相反，她正在尝试参与
05:47
in a very important dialogue
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一场与她的文化和民族遗产相关的
05:49
about her culture, nation and heritage.
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非常重要的讨论
05:51
She does that through important visual forms
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她用视觉表达的形式，摄影以及电影
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of photography and film.
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来表达她的观点
05:56
In the same way, Qatar is trying to grow its national museums
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卡塔尔也正在用相同的方式
06:00
through an organic process from within.
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有组织的从内部加强我们的国家博物馆
06:03
Our mission is of cultural integration and independence.
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我们的任务是文化融合与文化独立
06:06
We don't want to have what there is in the West.
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我们不想重复西方国家所拥有的
06:08
We don't want their collections.
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我们不想要他们的收藏
06:10
We want to build our own identities, our own fabric,
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我们想要建立属于我们自己的特征，自己的作品
06:13
create an open dialogue
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我们要创建一个自由的讨论
06:15
so that we share our ideas
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在这里我们可以分享我们的创意
06:17
and share yours with us.
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也可以倾听你们的创意
06:19
In a few days,
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再过几天
06:21
we will be opening the Arab Museum of Modern Art.
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我们就会开放阿拉伯现代艺术博物馆
06:24
We have done extensive research
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我们做了大量的调查
06:26
to ensure that Arab and Muslim artists,
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来确保阿拉伯和穆斯林艺术家
06:28
and Arabs who are not Muslims --
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还有非穆斯林的阿拉伯艺术家
06:30
not all Arabs are Muslims, by the way --
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顺便说一句，并不是所有的阿拉伯人都是穆斯林
06:32
but we make sure that they are represented
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我们要确保他们在这个新博物馆中
06:34
in this new institution.
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都得以表现
06:37
This institution is government-backed
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这个博物馆是政府支持的
06:39
and it has been the case
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在过去的30年来
06:41
for the past three decades.
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一直都是这样
06:43
We will open the museum in a few days,
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我们过几天将开放这个博物馆
06:45
and I welcome all of you to get on Qatar Airways
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欢迎大家乘坐卡塔尔航空公司的航班
06:48
and come and join us.
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过来加入我们
06:50
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
06:52
Now this museum is just as important to us as the West.
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现在这个博物馆对我们来说跟西方文化一样重要
06:56
Some of you might have heard
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你们也许听说过
06:58
of the Algerian artist Baya Mahieddine,
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阿尔及利亚艺术家Baya Mahieddine
07:01
but I doubt a lot of people know
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但是只有少数人知道
07:03
that this artist worked in Picasso's studio
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在三十年代
07:06
in Paris in the 1930s.
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她曾在毕加索的巴黎工作室工作过
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For me it was a new discovery.
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对我来说，这是一个新发现
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And I think with time, in the years to come
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我认为在不久的将来
07:13
we'll be learning a lot about our Picassos,
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我们将会向
07:15
our Legers and our Cezannes.
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我们的毕加索，莱热，塞尚学到很多
07:17
We do have artists,
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我们拥有很多艺术家
07:19
but unfortunately we have not discovered them yet.
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只是不幸的是，我们还没有发现他们
07:22
Now visual expression is just one form
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现今视觉表现只是文化融合的
07:25
of culture integration.
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一种形式
07:28
We have realized that recently
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我们意识到，最近
07:30
more and more people
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越来越多的人
07:32
are using the means of YouTube and social networking
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正在用YouTube和社交网络
07:35
to express their stories, share their photos
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来讲述着他们的故事，分享他们的照片
07:38
and tell their own stories through their own voices.
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用他们自己的声音来叙述他们的故事
07:40
In a similar way,
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同样的
07:42
we have created the Doha Film Institute.
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我们创建了多哈电影学院
07:44
Now the Doha Film Institute is an organization
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现在多哈电影学院是一个
07:47
to teach people about film and filmmaking.
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教大家电影与影视制作的机构
07:50
Last year we didn't have one Qatari woman filmmaker.
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去年，我们没有任何女电影制片人
07:53
Today I am proud to say
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今天，我很自豪地说
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we have trained and educated
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我们有超过66个
07:57
over 66 Qatari women filmmakers
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受过训练和教育的女制片人
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to edit, tell their own stories
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她们用她们自己的声音
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in their own voices.
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编辑并讲述着她们自己的故事
08:03
(Applause)
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（掌声）
08:09
Now if you'll allow me, I would love to share a one-minute film
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现在，如果大家允许的话，我希望分享一个一分钟长的电影
08:12
that has proven to show
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研究证明
08:14
that a 60-sec film can be as powerful as a haiku
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60秒电影可以跟三行俳句诗一样
08:17
in telling a big picture.
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有效地展现大局
08:19
And this is one of our filmmakers' products.
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这是其中一位制片人的作品
08:22
(Video) Boy: Hey listen! Did you know that the stocks are up?
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（视频）男孩：哎听着！你知道股票涨了吗？
08:25
Who are you playing?
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你扮演谁？
08:27
Girl: Uncle Khaled. Here, put on the headscarf.
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女孩：Khaled叔叔。来，把头巾带上
08:29
Khaled: Why would I want to put it on?
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Khaled：我凭什么要带头巾
08:31
Girl: Do as you're told, young girl.
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女孩：按我说的办，小女孩
08:33
Boy: No, you play mom and I play dad. (Girl: But it's my game.)
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男孩：不，你扮演妈妈，我扮演爸爸。（女孩：才不，这是我的游戏）
08:36
Play by yourself then.
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你自己玩儿吧
08:38
Girl: Women! One word and they get upset.
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女孩：女人！一句话就不高兴了
08:41
Useless.
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一无是处
08:47
Thank you. Thank you!
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谢谢。谢谢！
08:51
(Applause)
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（掌声）
08:58
SM: Going back to straddling between East and West,
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SM：说道跨越东方与西方，
09:01
last month we had our second Doha Tribeca Film Festival
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上个月，在多哈，我们举行了
09:04
here in Doha.
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第二节多哈翠贝卡电影节
09:06
The Doha Tribeca Film Festival
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这届多哈翠贝卡电影节
09:08
was held at our new cultural hub, Katara.
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在我们的新文化中心Katara举行
09:11
It attracted 42,000 people,
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这届电影节吸引了四万两千人
09:13
and we showcased 51 films.
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展出了51部电影
09:15
Now the Doha Tribeca Film Festival
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现在多哈翠贝卡电影节
09:17
is not an imported festival,
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不是一个从外国引入的节日
09:19
but rather an important festival
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而是一个连接纽约和多哈的
09:21
between the cities of New York and Doha.
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重要的庆典
09:24
It's important for two things.
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它重要在两方面
09:26
First, it allows us to showcase
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第一，我们可以
09:28
our Arab filmmakers and voices
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向纽约市，最繁华的大都会之一
09:30
to one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the world,
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展示我们阿拉伯的电影制片人
09:32
New York City.
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以及他们的作品
09:34
At the same time, we are inviting them
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与此同时，我们邀请他们
09:36
to come and explore our part of the world.
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来我们这边的世界并探索
09:38
They're learning our culture, our language, our heritage
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他们学习我们的文化，语言，和遗产
09:41
and realizing we're just as different
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并意识到我们彼此都拥有各自的特点
09:44
and just the same as each other.
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但又很相似
09:47
Now over and over again,
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人们不断地说
09:49
people have said, "Let's build bridges,"
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“让我们建起沟通的桥梁”
09:51
and frankly, I want to do more than that.
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坦率地讲，我想要做的不止这些
09:53
I would like break the walls of ignorance
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我更想推倒东方与西方之间
09:55
between East and West --
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无知的墙
09:57
no, not the soft option that we have discussed before,
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并不是我们之前讨论的文化变革的简单选择
10:00
but rather the soft power
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而是Joseph Nye之前说过的
10:02
that Joseph Nye has spoken about before.
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软实力
10:05
Culture's a very important tool to bring people together.
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文化是团结人们的非常重要的方法
10:08
We should not underestimate it.
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我们不应该低估它
10:11
"Know thyself,"
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“认识你自己”
10:13
that is the journey of self-expression and self-realization
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那是一场人人参与其中的自我表现
10:15
that we are traveling.
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与自我实现的旅程
10:17
Now I don't pretend to have all the answers,
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现在我不想说我有所有的答案
10:19
but I know that me as an individual
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但是我知道，我，作为一个个体
10:21
and we as a nation
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我们，作为一个民族
10:23
welcome this community
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都欢迎这个
10:25
of ideas worth spreading.
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鼓励创新思想展示的平台
10:27
This is a very interesting journey.
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这将是一场非常有趣的旅程
10:29
I welcome you on board
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我欢迎你们来
10:31
for us to engage and discuss new ideas
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与我们一起积极讨论
10:34
of how to bring people together
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如何通过文化活动与讨论
10:36
through cultural initiatives and discussions.
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把人们聚在一起
10:38
Familiarity destroys and trumps fear. Try it.
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驾轻就熟，就不再畏惧，让我们拭目以待
10:42
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much. Shokran.
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女士们，先生们，非常感谢。Shokran（阿拉伯语的谢谢）
10:45
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheikha Al Mayassa - Founder, Doha Film InstituteSheikha Al Mayassa is the young and progressive force behind Qatar's mission to become the Middle East's foremost destination for the arts and culture.
Why you should listen
As chairperson of the Qatar Museums Authority (QMA), Her Excellency Sheikha Al Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani uses the rich history of her country to drive education and cross-cultural interaction today. The QMA’s flagship project is the Museum of Islamic Art, an institution built to serve as the world’s center for education and information on art in the Muslim world. According to H.E. Sheikha Al Mayassa’s vision, the museum will not only preserve and document the vast diversity of Islamic art, but also provide a welcoming place for the international community to learn more about an often-oversimplified culture.
Sheikha Al Mayassa has committed to fostering diversity and creating opportunity for all. She is also the chairperson for Reach Out to Asia (ROTA), an organization that is trying to provide access to education for underserved populations throughout Asia, regardless of gender or age. She’s continuing her own education by pursuing a graduate degree at Columbia University in New York.Sheikha Al Mayassa | Speaker | TED.com