TED2006
Peter Gabriel: Fight injustice with raw video
彼得·盖布瑞尔用视频与不公正抗争
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音乐家、活动家彼得·盖布瑞尔参与监督团体“目击者”，共同致力于维护人权。在这里，他分享了他非常私人的动机，并讲述了行动中的公民记者的故事。
Peter Gabriel - Musician, activist
Peter Gabriel writes incredible songs but, as the co-founder of WITNESS and TheElders.org, is also a powerful human rights advocate. Full bio
Peter Gabriel writes incredible songs but, as the co-founder of WITNESS and TheElders.org, is also a powerful human rights advocate. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:25
I love trees, and I'm very lucky,
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我喜欢树木，而且非常幸运的是
00:28
because we live near a wonderful arboretum,
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我们住在一个非常棒的植物园的附近。
00:31
and Sundays, usually, I'd go there with my wife
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星期天的时候，我通常会和我夫人
00:34
and now, with my four-year-old,
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现在是和我四岁的孩子，
00:36
and we'd climb in the trees, we'd play hide and seek.
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一起爬树，玩捉迷藏。
00:39
The second school I was at had big trees too,
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我上的第二所学校也有不少大树
00:43
had a fantastic tulip tree, I think it was the biggest in the country,
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那儿有棵奇异的郁金香树，我认为它是国内最大的一棵。
00:47
and it also had a lot of wonderful bushes and vegetation
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在它和操场的周围，
00:51
around it, around the playing fields.
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还有很多很棒的灌木和植物。
00:53
One day I was grabbed by some of my classmates,
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有一天我被一些同学抓住，带进灌木丛里
00:57
and taken in the bushes -- I was stripped; I was attacked;
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我被剥光了衣服，我受到攻击，
01:01
I was abused; and this came out of the blue.
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我被虐待，这一切来得那么突然。
01:06
Now, the reason I say that, because, afterwards, I was thinking --
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好了，我之所以那么说，是因为事后，我觉得，
01:10
well, I went back into the school -- I felt dirty; I felt betrayed;
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嗯，当我返回学校时，我感到肮脏，觉得受到了背叛，
01:16
I felt ashamed, but mainly -- mainly, I felt powerless.
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我觉得耻辱，但更主要的是--我感到很无力。
01:23
And 30 years later I was sitting in an airplane,
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三十年后我坐在一架飞机里，
01:26
next to a lady called Veronica, who came from Chile,
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邻座的是一位来自智利的女士，维罗妮卡。
01:29
and we were on a human rights tour,
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我们参加了一个人权之旅，
01:32
and she was starting to tell me what it was like to be tortured,
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她开始向我诉说被折磨是什么样的感觉，
01:37
and, from my very privileged position,
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并且从我特有的立场出发，
01:40
this was the only reference point that I had.
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这是我有的唯一的参照点。
01:44
And it was an amazing learning experience
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那是一个神奇的学习历程，
01:46
because, for me, human rights have been something in which I had,
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因为对我而言，人权问题是一件
01:49
you know, a part-time interest, but, mainly,
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你明白，业余的兴趣；但主要来说，
01:52
it was something that happened to other people over there.
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它是发生在远方的其他人身上的事。
01:55
But I got a phone call from Bono in 1985 and, as you know,
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但是我在1985年接到了波诺的电话
02:02
he's a great singer, but he's a magnificent hustler, and --
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你们知道，他是个优秀的歌手，但他是个惊人的说服者，
02:07
(Laughter) --
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（笑声）
02:09
a very hard guy to say no to, and he was saying,
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我很难对他说不。
02:12
you know, just after I'd done the Biko song,
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在我刚做完歌曲"Biko"后，他说，
02:14
we're going to do a tour for Amnesty,
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我们正要给“特赦”组织做一个巡演，
02:16
you have to be on it, and really that was the first time
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你一定得参与。于是，那是第一次我真正地
02:19
that I'd been out and started meeting people
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出来开始认识一些人
02:23
who'd watched their family being shot in front of them,
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他们曾看着自己的家人在自己面前被枪杀，
02:26
who'd had a partner thrown out of an airplane into an ocean,
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配偶在飞机上被扔进大海里
02:29
and suddenly this world of human rights arrived in my world,
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突然之间，人权的世界来到了我的世界，
02:34
and I couldn't really walk away in quite the same way as before.
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我再也不能像以前那样袖手旁观了。
02:39
So I got involved with this tour, which was for Amnesty,
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所以我开始参与到为“特赦”办的巡演中，
02:43
and then in '88 I took over Bono's job trying to learn how to hustle.
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并在1988年取代波诺开始学习鼓动别人。
02:48
I didn't do it as well, but we managed to get Youssou N'Dour, Sting,
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我不如他做得好，但是我也成功地使尤索·恩多、斯汀、
02:52
Tracy Chapman, and Bruce Springsteen to go 'round the world for Amnesty,
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特蕾西·查普曼、布鲁斯·斯普林斯汀为“特赦”做环球巡演，
02:57
and it was an amazing experience.
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这是个神奇的经历。
03:00
And, once again, I got an extraordinary education,
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再一次，我收获了一份异乎寻常的教育，
03:04
and it was the first time, really,
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并且我第一次真正地
03:06
that I'd met a lot of these people in the different countries,
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结识不同国家的许多人
03:10
and these human rights stories became very physical,
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有关人权的故事变得活生生起来，
03:15
and, again, I couldn't really walk away quite so comfortably.
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再一次，我不能允许自己袖手旁观。
03:21
But the thing that really amazed me, that I had no idea,
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但最让我惊异的是，我并不知道
03:24
was that you could suffer in this way
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一个人可以这样地受苦，
03:27
and then have your whole experience, your story, denied,
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然后你的全部体验，你的故事，遭到否认
03:33
buried and forgotten.
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被掩盖，被遗忘。
03:36
And it seemed that whenever there was a camera around,
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然而，好像一旦有照相机或摄像机在
03:41
or a video or film camera,
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或这
03:44
it was a great deal harder to do -- for those in power to bury the story.
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那些当权者想要掩盖这些故事就变得难了很多。
03:51
And Reebok set up a foundation after these Human Rights Now tours
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锐步在这些"人权，现在！"巡演后设立了一个基金会
03:55
and there was a decision then --
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并且当时决定
03:59
well, we made a proposal, for a couple of years,
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恩，我们在几年中提议
04:02
about trying to set up a division
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想要努力设立一个部门
04:04
that was going to give cameras to human rights activists.
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给人权活动家派发相机。
04:09
It didn't really get anywhere,
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事实上它无疾而终，
04:10
and then the Rodney King incident happened, and people thought,
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之后发生了那个Rodney King事件
04:13
OK, if you have a camera in the right place at the right time,
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人们觉得如果你在恰当的时间恰当的地点有个相机，
04:16
or, perhaps, the wrong time, depending who you are,
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或许是错误的时间，取决于你是谁，
04:20
then you can actually start doing something,
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那么你真的可以开始做些事情，
04:25
and campaigning, and being heard,
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开始发起运动，开始让别人听见自己的声音，
04:29
and telling people about what's going on.
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告诉别人发生了什么事。
04:31
So, WITNESS was started in '92
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所以，“目击者”在1992年被建立了
04:35
and it's since given cameras out in over 60 countries.
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从此之后一共在六十多个国家派发相机。
04:41
And we campaign with activist groups
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我们和活动家团体一起开展运动，
04:47
and help them tell their story and, in fact,
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帮助他们讲述故事
04:51
I will show you in a moment one of the most recent campaigns,
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一会儿我将给你们展示一个最新的运动，
04:55
and I'm afraid it's a story from Uganda,
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我恐怕它是来自乌干达的一个故事，
04:58
and, although we had a wonderful story from Uganda yesterday,
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尽管我们昨天听到了来自乌干达的一个精彩故事，
05:02
this one isn't quite so good.
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这一个就没那么美好了。
05:04
In the north of Uganda,
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在乌干达北部，
05:06
there are something like 1.5 million internally displaced people,
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有将近一百五十万流离失所的人
05:09
people who are not refugees in another country,
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他们并非外国的难民，
05:12
but because of the civil war, which has been going on for about 20 years,
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而是因为长达将近20年的内战
05:16
they have nowhere to live.
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而颠沛流离的人们。
05:18
And 20,000 kids have been taken away to become child soldiers,
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两万孩子被迫成为童军
05:24
and the International Criminal Court is going after five of the leaders of the --
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国际罪犯法庭在追捕五个头目
05:32
now, what's it called?
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他们来自，那个
05:34
I forget the name of the of the army --
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恩，那个军队叫什么来着，
05:36
it's Lord's Resistance Army, I believe --
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应该是国王反击队
05:39
but the government, also, doesn't have a clean sheet,
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而他们的政府也不是廉洁公正的。
05:41
so if we could run the first video.
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让我们来看看这第一段录像。
05:43
(Music)
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（音乐）
05:46
Woman: Life in the camp is never simple. Even today life is difficult.
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女：在难民营里的日子从不好过，直至今日也是如此。
05:49
We stay because of the fear that what pushed us into the camp ...
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我们之所以会留在营中，是因为惧怕逼我们进营的那些因素，
05:53
still exists back home.
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依然在家乡猖獗。
05:59
Text: "Between Two Fires: Torture and Displacement in Northern Uganda"
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文字：“双重烈焰：乌干达北部的酷刑折磨和颠沛流离”
06:10
Man: When we were at home, it was Kony's [rebel] soldiers disturbing us.
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男：当我们在家乡时，是Kony的叛乱的士兵在骚扰我们。
06:17
At first, we were safe in the camp.
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一开始的时候我们在营里还是安全的。
06:20
But later the government soldiers began mistreating us a lot.
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但是后来政府的士兵开始虐待我们。
06:25
(Chanting)
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（齐唱）
06:28
Jennifer: A soldier walked onto the road, asking where we'd been.
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Jennifer:一个士兵走过来，问我们去哪儿了。
06:32
Evelyn and I hid behind my mother.
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Evelyn和我藏在妈妈身后
06:38
Evelyn: He ordered us to sit down, so we sat down.
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Eveyln:他命令我们坐下，所以我们只好坐下
06:41
The other soldier also came.
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另一个士兵也走了过来
06:44
Jennifer: The man came and started undressing me.
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Jennifer:那个男人走过来脱我的衣服。
06:48
The other one carried Evelyn aside.
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另一个把Evelyn带向一边
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The one who was defiling me then left me and went to rape Evelyn.
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那个玷污了我的人又走向Evelyn，糟蹋了她。
06:56
And the one who was raping Evelyn came and defiled me also.
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那个强暴Evelyn的人则走过来侮辱我。
07:00
Man: The soldiers with clubs this long beat us to get a confession.
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男人：士兵们拿着这么长的棍子拷打我们，严刑逼供。
07:08
They kept telling us, "Tell the truth!" as they beat us.
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打我们的时候，他们不停地说，“说实话！”
07:20
Woman: They insisted that I was lying.
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女人：他们坚持说我在撒谎。
07:25
At that moment, they fired and shot off my fingers.
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那时，他们开枪射下了我的手指
07:30
I fell. They ran to join the others ... leaving me for dead.
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我跌倒了。他们跑回队伍，留着我在那儿等死。
07:43
(Music)
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（音乐）
07:45
Text: Uganda ratified the Convention Against Torture in 1986.
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文字：乌干达在1986年批准了禁止酷刑公约
07:54
Torture is defined as any act by which severe pain of suffering,
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酷刑的定义是任何官方为了获取信息或供词
07:58
whether physical or mental,
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而在生理或心理上
08:01
is intentionally inflicted by a person acting in an official capacity
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有意地对人施以惩罚、强迫或威胁
08:05
to obtain information or a confession, to punish, coerce or intimidate.
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而导致严重痛楚的行为。
08:13
Peter Gabriel: So torture is not something that always happens on other soil.
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而酷刑折磨并不总发生在异国他乡。
08:19
In my country, it was --
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在我的国家，
08:21
we had been looking at pictures of British soldiers beating up young Iraqis;
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我们看着英国士兵痛打伊拉克年轻人的照片
08:28
we've got Abu Ghraib; we've got Guantanamo Bay.
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我们有美军虐囚事件、关塔那摩湾事件
08:30
I had a driver on my way to Newark Airport,
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我在去纽瓦克机场的时候碰到一个司机，
08:33
and he told me a story that, in the middle of the night, 4 a.m.,
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他跟我说了一个发生在凌晨四点的故事。
08:39
he'd been taken out of his home in Queens -- taken to a place in the Midwest,
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他被带出他在皇后区的家，带到一个中西部的地方，
08:45
that he was interrogated and tortured
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在那里被审讯、拷打，
08:49
and returned to the street four weeks later,
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直到四个星期后才被释放，
08:53
because he had the same -- he was Middle Eastern,
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只因为他是个中东人，
08:56
and he had the same name as one of the 9/11 pilots,
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并且和那个911的劫机犯同名。
09:00
and that may or may not be true --
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这个故事不一定真实，
09:04
I didn't think he was a liar, though.
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尽管我不觉得他是个撒谎者。
09:07
And, I think, if we look around the world,
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我觉得，如果我们环视全球，
09:11
as well as the polar ice caps melting,
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正如极地冰盖在融化一般，
09:13
human rights, which have been fought for,
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人权，我们为之苦苦抗争，
09:16
for many hundreds of years in some cases,
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有些抗争了好几百年，
09:19
are, also, eroding very fast,
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也在很快地消融解体。
09:22
and that is something that we need to take a look at
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这是我们应该好好地注视，
09:26
and, maybe, start campaigning for.
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并且或许应该开始为之运动。
09:30
I mean, here, too, one of our partners was at Van Jones
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我们的一个在凡琼斯的合作伙伴
09:35
and the Books Not Bars project -- they have managed,
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以及"要书不要牢笼"的项目，成功地
09:39
with their footage in California
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用他们的录像在加州
09:42
to change the youth correction systems employed,
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改变了那里的青年改造系统
09:47
and it's much -- much -- I think, more humane methods
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更加人性化的方法
09:52
are being looked at, how you should lock up young kids,
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开始被运用，包括关于如何囚禁小孩
09:56
and that's questionable to start off.
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这件本身就很有问题，
09:58
And as the story of Mr. Morales, just down the road,
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就像Morales先生的那个故事一样，
10:04
excuse me, Mr. Gabriel,
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他说不好意思盖布瑞尔先生，
10:06
would you mind if we delayed your execution a little bit?
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你介不介意我把你的死刑推迟一点儿？
10:10
No, not at all, no problem, take your time.
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我说我一点儿也不介意，慢慢来。
10:13
But this, surely, whoever that man is, whatever he's done,
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但是不论那人是谁，做了什么，
10:19
this is cruel and unusual punishment.
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那都是残忍的、不同寻常的惩罚。
10:23
Anyway, WITNESS has been trying to arm the brave people
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总而言之，“目击者”一直努力在用相机
10:29
who often put their lives at risk around the world, with cameras,
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武装起世界各地的勇敢的、冒着生命危险的人们。
10:33
and I'd like to show you just a little more of that. Thank you.
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让我再给你们看些东西。谢谢。
10:41
(Thunder) Text: You can say a story is fabricated.
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（雷声）
10:44
(Music)
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（音乐）
10:48
Text: You can say a jury is corrupt.
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你可以说一个陪审团是腐败的.
10:53
You can say a person is lying.
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你可以说一个人是在撒谎.
11:00
You can say you don't trust newspapers.
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你可以说你不相信报纸上的报导.
11:06
But you can't say
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但是你不能说,
11:12
what you just saw
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你刚看到的
11:15
never happened.
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从来没有发生过.
11:22
Help WITNESS give cameras to the world.
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帮助“目击者”给世界派发相机。
11:27
Shoot a video;
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拍摄一段录像，
11:36
expose injustice;
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揭露不公正
11:42
reveal the truth;
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展现事实真相
11:47
show us what's wrong with the world;
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向我们展现世界的病症
11:52
and maybe
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也许这样
11:54
we can help
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我们可以为
11:56
make it
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拨乱反正
11:58
right.
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尽一份力。
12:06
WITNESS.
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目击者。
12:12
All the video you have just seen was recorded by
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您刚才所观看的录像都是由
12:14
human rights groups working with WITNESS.
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与“目击者”一起工作的人权团体拍摄的。
12:17
(Applause)
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（掌声）
12:22
PG: WITNESS was born of technological innovation --
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“证人”的诞生于科技创新，
12:26
in a sense the small, portable, DV cam
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可以说，小型、便携的数字摄像机
12:28
was really what allowed it to come into being.
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真正使它得以来到世上。
12:32
And we've also been trying to get computers out to the world,
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现在，我们也在想方设法使电脑遍布全球，
12:36
so that groups can communicate much more effectively,
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使团体之间可以更有效地沟通，
12:38
campaign much more effectively,
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更有效地开展运动，
12:40
but now we have the wonderful possibility,
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而现今，自带相机的手机
12:46
which is given to us from the mobile phone with the camera in it,
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为我们带来了美妙的可能性。
12:50
because that is cheap; it's ubiquitous; and it's moving fast
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因为手机便宜、普及，并且在全球迅速增长，
12:55
all around the world -- and it's very exciting for us.
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这对我们来说非常振奋。
12:58
And so, the dream is that we could have a world
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我们的梦想是，
13:02
in which anyone who has anything bad happen to them of this sort
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世界上任何一个遭遇此类坏事的人，
13:08
has a chance of getting their story uploaded,
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能有机会上传他们的故事，
13:12
being seen, being watched,
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让他们的遭遇展现在世人面前。
13:15
that they really know that they can be heard,
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并且，他们知道自己的声音会被听见，
13:18
that there would be a giant website,
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并且会有一个庞大的网站，
13:22
maybe, a little like Google Earth,
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可能有点像谷歌地球一样，
13:24
and you could fly over and find out the realities of what's going,
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让你能够四处穿越，找出正在发生的事情的真相。
13:28
for the world's inhabitants. In a way
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从某种意义上，对于世界上的居民们来说，
13:31
what this technology is allowing is, really,
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这项科技带来的是，
13:34
that a lot of the problems of the world can have a human face,
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世界上的很多问题能有一张人脸，
13:38
that we can actually see who's dying of AIDS
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我们第一次能实在地看到
13:41
or who's being beaten up, for the first time,
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谁因爱滋而垂死，谁被毒打
13:46
and we can hear their stories in a way that the blogger culture --
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我们能够通过博客文化的方式听到他们的故事
13:50
if we can move that into these sort of fields,
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如果我们能够把它带入到这些领域中来。
13:53
I think we can really transform the world in all sorts of ways.
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我觉得我们真的可以从种种方面改变世界。
14:00
There could be a new movement growing up,
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一个新的运动可能正在成型，
14:04
rising from the ground, reaching for the light,
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从地下生根发芽，向光生长，
14:09
and growing strong, just like a tree. Thank you.
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日益强壮，正如一棵树一般。谢谢。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Peter Gabriel - Musician, activistPeter Gabriel writes incredible songs but, as the co-founder of WITNESS and TheElders.org, is also a powerful human rights advocate.
Why you should listen
Peter Gabriel was a founding member of the extraordinarily successful progressive rock band Genesis. He left the band in 1975 to go solo and, in 1980, set up the international arts festival WOMAD (which stands for World of Music, Arts and Dance) and the record label Real World, both to champion music and artistic innovation from all over the world. Gabriel's stop motion video for "Sledgehammer" has been named the most-played music video in the history of MTV.
Gabriel is also very interested in human rights. In 1992, he co-founded WITNESS.org, an organization that helps human rights activists and citizen witnesses worldwide make change happen through the use of video. The organization not only distributes digital cameras to empower people to document human-rights abuses, but provides a platform for the spread of video that reveals what is really going on in places all over the globe.
In 2007, Gabriel also co-founded theElders.org with Richard Branson and Nelson Mandela, an independent group of global leaders working together for peace and human rights.
Peter Gabriel | Speaker | TED.com