TED2019
Baratunde Thurston: How to deconstruct racism, one headline at a time
巴拉顿·瑟斯顿: 如何解构种族主义？一次看一个标题
Filmed:
Readability: 4.5
2,301,855 views
巴拉顿·瑟斯顿探索了美国白人报警举报黑人的现象，罪名包括美国黑人“吃东西、走路、或者仅仅因为是黑人”等。他以十分深刻、发人深省、幽默风趣的演讲揭示了语言的力量，能将痛苦的新闻变成治愈系新闻，同时，他还激励我们进一步改变歧视行为。
Baratunde Thurston - Writer, activist, comedian
Baratunde Thurston is an Emmy-nominated writer, activist and comedian who addresses serious issues with depth, wit and calls to action. He believes the stories we tell help shape the world in which we live. Also, he's from the future. Full bio
Baratunde Thurston is an Emmy-nominated writer, activist and comedian who addresses serious issues with depth, wit and calls to action. He believes the stories we tell help shape the world in which we live. Also, he's from the future. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
My parents gave me an extraordinary name:
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我的父母给我取了
一个特别的名字：
一个特别的名字：
巴拉顿·拉菲克·瑟斯顿
00:17
Baratunde Rafiq Thurston.
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巴拉顿是尼日利亚籍
约鲁巴人的名字，
约鲁巴人的名字，
00:23
Now, Baratunde is based
on a Yoruba name from Nigeria,
on a Yoruba name from Nigeria,
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但我们不是尼日利亚人。
00:26
but we're not Nigerian.
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00:28
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:29
That's just how black my mama was.
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我妈妈就是这么黑。
00:31
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:32
"Get this boy the blackest name possible.
What does the book say?"
What does the book say?"
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“给这个男孩取个最黑的名字吧！
书上是怎么说的？”
书上是怎么说的？”
00:35
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
拉菲克是阿拉伯名字，
但我们不是阿拉伯人。
但我们不是阿拉伯人。
00:36
Rafiq is an Arabic name,
but we are not Arabs.
but we are not Arabs.
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00:40
My mom just wanted me to have difficulty
boarding planes in the 21st century.
boarding planes in the 21st century.
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我妈就是不想让我
在21世纪好好坐飞机。
在21世纪好好坐飞机。
00:45
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:46
She foresaw America's turn
toward nativism.
toward nativism.
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她预料到了美国会奉行本土主义，
00:48
She was a black futurist.
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她是一位黑人预言家。
00:50
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
瑟斯顿是英国姓氏，
但我们不是英国人。
但我们不是英国人。
00:52
Thurston is a British name,
but we are not British.
but we are not British.
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而瑟斯顿这个姓隔空致敬了
00:57
Shoutout to the multigenerational,
dehumanizing economic institution
dehumanizing economic institution
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美国奴隶制中世代延续的、
没人性的经济制度。
没人性的经济制度。
01:00
of American chattel slavery, though.
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01:03
Also, Thurston makes
for a great Starbucks name.
for a great Starbucks name.
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此外，瑟斯顿很适合星巴克员工。
01:05
Really expedites the process.
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这真的推动了历史进程。
01:07
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
我母亲是一位多才多艺的女性。
01:11
My mother was a renaissance woman.
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01:14
Arnita Lorraine Thurston
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她叫阿尼塔·罗琳·瑟斯顿，
01:17
was a computer programmer,
former domestic worker,
former domestic worker,
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她曾是一位电脑程序员、
一位家政人员、
一位家政人员、
01:20
survivor of sexual assault,
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一位性侵幸存者、
01:22
an artist and an activist.
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一位艺术家、
一位活动家。
一位活动家。
01:24
She prepared me for this world
with lessons in black history,
with lessons in black history,
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为了让我适应这个世界，
她教我黑人历史、
武术、城市农业，
武术、城市农业，
01:29
in martial arts, in urban farming,
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01:31
and then she sent me in the seventh grade
to the private Sidwell Friends School,
to the private Sidwell Friends School,
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七年级时，她又送我去私立学校
西德威尔友谊中学就读，
西德威尔友谊中学就读，
01:35
where US presidents send their daughters,
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美国总统的女儿们也在这里上学，
01:38
and where she sent me looking like this.
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而她把我送进去时，
我是这样子的。
我是这样子的。
01:40
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
我在这里上学有两个主要任务：
01:44
I had two key tasks going to that school:
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01:47
don't lose your blackness
and don't lose your glasses.
and don't lose your glasses.
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黑皮肤不能丢、
眼镜不能丢。
眼镜不能丢。
01:49
This accomplished both.
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两个任务都圆满完成。
01:51
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
西德威尔友谊中学是学习
艺术和科学的好地方，
艺术和科学的好地方，
01:55
Sidwell was a great place
to learn the arts and the sciences,
to learn the arts and the sciences,
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01:58
but also the art of living
amongst whiteness.
amongst whiteness.
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也是在白人堆里学习
生存之艺术的好地方。
生存之艺术的好地方。
02:03
That would prepare me
for life later at Harvard,
for life later at Harvard,
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为我后来在哈佛生活做好了准备，
02:06
or doing corporate consulting,
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为我做企业咨询做好了准备，
02:07
or for my jobs at "The Daily Show"
and "The Onion."
and "The Onion."
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为我在“每日秀”和“洋葱报”
工作做好了准备。
工作做好了准备。
02:10
I would write down many of these lessons
in my memoir, "How to Be Black,"
in my memoir, "How to Be Black,"
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在回忆录《如何做一名黑人》中，
我记录了许多这方面的经验。
我记录了许多这方面的经验。
02:13
which if you haven't read yet,
makes you a racist, because --
makes you a racist, because --
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如果你还没读过这本书，
那就是种族歧视，
那就是种族歧视，
（笑声）
02:16
(Laughter)
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因为你有大把的时间去读这本书。
02:18
you've had plenty of time
to read the book.
to read the book.
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02:23
But America insists on reminding me
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但是美国一次又一次地提醒我、
02:26
and teaching me
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教会我：
02:27
what it means to be black in America.
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在美国做一名黑人意味着什么。
02:30
It's December 2018,
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2018年12月，
02:32
I'm with my fiancé
in the suburbs of Wisconsin.
in the suburbs of Wisconsin.
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我和未婚妻在威斯康星州的郊区。
我们去看望她的父母，
两位都是白人，
两位都是白人，
02:36
We are visiting her parents,
both of whom are white,
both of whom are white,
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所以我未婚妻也是个白人。
02:39
which makes her white.
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02:41
That's how it works.
I don't make the rules.
I don't make the rules.
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就是这么简单，
规则不是我编的。
规则不是我编的。
02:43
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
因为她喝了点酒，所以
我负责开她父母的车，
我负责开她父母的车，
02:44
She's had some drinks,
so I drive us in her parents' car,
so I drive us in her parents' car,
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02:48
and we get pulled over by the police.
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警察示意我们靠边停车。
我好害怕。
02:51
I'm scared.
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我打开双闪，
表示服从指令。
表示服从指令。
02:53
I turn on the flashing lights
to indicate compliance.
to indicate compliance.
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我慢慢地靠边停车，
02:56
I pull over slowly
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02:58
under the brightest streetlight I can find
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停在我所能找到的最亮的街灯下，
03:00
in case I need witnesses
or dashcam footage.
or dashcam footage.
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以防我需要目击证人或者
要看行车记录仪里的视频。
要看行车记录仪里的视频。
03:05
We get out my identification,
the car registration,
the car registration,
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我们拿出了我的身份证和车辆登记表，
03:08
lay it out in the open,
roll down the windows,
roll down the windows,
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我把文件都摊开，
并摇下了车窗，
并摇下了车窗，
03:10
my hands are placed on the steering wheel,
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把双手放在方向盘上，
03:13
all before the officer exits the vehicle.
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一直到这位警官离开。
这样才能保命。
03:17
This is how to stay alive.
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等待的过程中，
我想起一些新闻标题：
我想起一些新闻标题：
03:21
As we wait, I think
about these headlines --
about these headlines --
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“警察又射杀了一名
手无寸铁的黑人”，
手无寸铁的黑人”，
03:24
"Police shoot another
unarmed black person" --
unarmed black person" --
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03:28
and I don't want to join them.
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我可不想成为下一个。
03:31
The good news is,
our officer was friendly.
our officer was friendly.
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还好这位警官很友善。
03:34
She told us our tags were expired.
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她告诉我们车检标识过期了。
03:37
So to all the white parents out there,
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我想对所有的白人父母说：
03:39
if your child is involved with a person
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如果你们的孩子
与黑人走得很近，
与黑人走得很近，
03:41
whose skin tone is rated
Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson or darker --
Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson or darker --
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就是肤色跟巨石强森一样黑
或者比他还黑的黑人，
或者比他还黑的黑人，
03:44
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
那你们就要好好做车检，每次
我们来访前及时更新车辆文件。
我们来访前及时更新车辆文件。
03:47
you need to get that car inspected,
update the paperwork every time we visit.
update the paperwork every time we visit.
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03:51
That's just common courtesy.
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这是起码的礼貌。
03:52
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:53
(Applause)
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（掌声）
03:57
I got lucky.
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我算是个幸运儿。
因为我的职业就是执法。
03:59
I got a law enforcement professional.
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我从白人看来平常的事情中幸存下来。
04:02
I survived something
that should not require survival.
that should not require survival.
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我就此想到了一大堆报道：
04:07
And I think about
this series of stories --
this series of stories --
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04:10
"Police shoot another
unarmed black person" --
unarmed black person" --
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“警察又射杀了一名
手无寸铁的黑人”，
手无寸铁的黑人”，
04:13
and that season when those stories
popped up everywhere.
popped up everywhere.
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那段时间，这样的报道随处可见。
04:17
I would scroll through my feed
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就在我翻看社交平台的时候，
我看到一张婴儿出生公告，
04:19
and I would see a baby announcement photo.
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我看到一个商品广告，
04:22
I'd see an ad for a product
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04:24
I had just whispered
to a friend about yesterday.
to a friend about yesterday.
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这个商品昨天刚跟朋友私下聊过。
我看到一个视频：
04:27
I would see a video of a police officer
gunning down someone
gunning down someone
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一位警官枪杀了一名
像我一样的黑人。
像我一样的黑人。
04:30
who looked just like me.
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我还看到一篇时事短评，
04:32
And I'd see a think piece
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04:34
about how millennials
have replaced sex with avocado toast.
have replaced sex with avocado toast.
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关于千禧一代如何
用鳄梨（牛油果）吐司取代性。
用鳄梨（牛油果）吐司取代性。
04:37
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:38
It was a confusing time.
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真是一段令人困惑的时期。
04:41
Those stories kept popping up,
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这类新闻不断涌现，
04:43
but in 2018, those stories got changed out
for a different type of story,
for a different type of story,
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而在2018年这些都变成了
另一种类型的新闻，
另一种类型的新闻，
比如说，“白人女性报警
举报黑人女性等优步。”
举报黑人女性等优步。”
04:49
stories like, "White Woman Calls Cops
On Black Woman Waiting For An Uber."
On Black Woman Waiting For An Uber."
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报警的是布鲁克林贝基。
04:54
That was Brooklyn Becky.
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还有，“白人女性报警
04:56
Then there was, "White Woman Calls Police
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04:58
On Eight-Year-Old Black Girl
Selling Water."
Selling Water."
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举报8岁黑人小女孩卖水。”
报警的是珀米特帕蒂。
05:00
That was Permit Patty.
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05:02
Then there was, "Woman Calls Police
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还有，“白人女性报警
举报黑人家庭在奥克兰湖边烧烤。”
05:03
On Black Family BBQing
At Lake In Oakland."
At Lake In Oakland."
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05:06
That was now infamous BBQ Becky.
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报警的是臭名昭著的BBQ贝基。
我认为这些黑人生活的新闻
05:10
And I contend that these stories
of living while black
of living while black
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实际上代表着进步。
05:13
are actually progress.
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我们过去总是在警察
法外杀人事件后才知道。
法外杀人事件后才知道。
05:15
We used to find out
after the extrajudicial police killings.
after the extrajudicial police killings.
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05:19
Now, we're getting video
of people calling 911.
of people calling 911.
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现在，我们看到的是
人们打911报警的视频，
人们打911报警的视频，
05:22
We're moving upstream,
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我们向前进步了，
05:23
closer to the problem
and closer to the solution.
and closer to the solution.
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离问题更近了，
离解决办法也更近了。
离解决办法也更近了。
然后，我就开始收集这类事件，
05:27
So I started a collection
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能找到多少，我收集多少。
05:30
of as many of these stories
as I could find.
as I could find.
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05:33
I built an evolving,
still-growing database
still-growing database
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baratunde.com/livingwhileblack
网站上，
网站上，
我建立了一个持续更新、
持续扩大的数据库。
持续扩大的数据库。
05:35
at baratunde.com/livingwhileblack.
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05:38
Seeking understanding,
I realized the process
I realized the process
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在理解的过程中，
我发现这其实是通过分析句子
来理解这些标题的过程。
来理解这些标题的过程。
05:41
was really diagramming sentences
to understand these headlines.
to understand these headlines.
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05:46
And I want to thank
my Sidwell English teacher Erica Berry
my Sidwell English teacher Erica Berry
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感谢我在西德威尔中学的
英语老师埃里卡·贝里，
英语老师埃里卡·贝里，
05:49
and all English teachers.
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及所有英语老师。
05:51
You have given us tools
to fight for our own freedom.
to fight for our own freedom.
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是你们教会了我
争取自由的方法。
争取自由的方法。
我发现了把标题分解的过程，
05:55
What I found was a process
to break down the headline
to break down the headline
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05:58
and understand the consistent layers
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以及
理解每个相同层次部分的意思：
06:01
in each one:
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06:02
a subject takes an action against a target
engaged in some activity,
engaged in some activity,
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主体针对目标的行为而采取行动。
06:07
so that "White Woman Calls Police
On Eight-Year-Old Black Girl"
On Eight-Year-Old Black Girl"
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所以“白人女性报警
举报8岁黑人小女孩卖水，”
举报8岁黑人小女孩卖水，”
和“白人男性报警举报黑人女性
使用邻居水池，”是一样的，
使用邻居水池，”是一样的，
06:11
is the same as "White Man Calls Police
On Black Woman Using Neighborhood Pool"
On Black Woman Using Neighborhood Pool"
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和“白人女性报警举报俄勒冈州
黑人立法者参与区内竞选“，
黑人立法者参与区内竞选“，
06:16
is the same as "Woman Calls Cops
On Black Oregon Lawmaker
On Black Oregon Lawmaker
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06:19
Campaigning In Her District."
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也是一样的。
这些标题都是一样的。
06:22
They're the same.
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将这些句子进行分解处理，
使我能够图解出白人至上模式，
使我能够图解出白人至上模式，
06:25
Diagramming the sentences
allowed me to diagram the white supremacy
allowed me to diagram the white supremacy
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也使这些句子成立，
06:29
which allowed such sentences to be true,
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06:31
and I will pause to define my terms.
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我想先对术语定义做个介绍。
当我说“白人至上”的时候，
06:34
When I say "white supremacy,"
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06:35
I'm not just talking about Nazis
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不仅仅是指纳粹分子，
06:38
or white power activists,
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或者是白人权利活动家，
当然，我也绝不是说
所有白人都会种族歧视。
所有白人都会种族歧视。
06:40
and I'm definitely not saying
that all white people are racist.
that all white people are racist.
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我指的是
06:44
What I'm referring to
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06:46
is a system of structural advantage
that favors white people over others
that favors white people over others
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在社会、经济和政治领域
偏向白人的结构体系。
06:51
in social, economic and political arenas.
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06:54
It's what Bryan Stevenson
at the Equal Justice Initiative
at the Equal Justice Initiative
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这正是布莱恩·史蒂文森
在司法公正倡议中
在司法公正倡议中
关于种族差异陈述，
06:57
calls the narrative of racial difference,
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也是我们为了给奴隶制、
吉姆·克劳、大规模监禁等正名
吉姆·克劳、大规模监禁等正名
07:00
the story we told ourselves
to justify slavery and Jim Crow
to justify slavery and Jim Crow
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07:05
and mass incarceration and beyond.
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而讲给自己听的故事。
07:07
So when I saw this pattern repeating,
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所以，当看到这个模式反复出现时，
我非常气愤，
07:10
I got angry,
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但我也因此获得灵感，
07:12
but I also got inspired
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发明了一个游戏，
07:15
to create a game,
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07:17
a game of words that would allow me
to transform this traumatic exposure
to transform this traumatic exposure
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这个文字游戏能让我将创伤体验
转变成治愈体验。
07:22
into more of a healing experience.
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07:25
I'm going to talk you through the game.
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我给你们介绍一下这个游戏。
07:27
The first level is a training level,
and I need your participation.
and I need your participation.
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第一关是训练环节，
我需要大家的参与。
我需要大家的参与。
我们的目标是--
判断真假。
判断真假。
07:31
Our objective: to determine
if this is real or fake.
if this is real or fake.
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是否真的发生了这种事？
07:35
Did this happen or not?
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07:36
Here is the example:
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看看这个例子：
“天主教大学法律图书管理员报警
07:38
"Catholic University Law Librarian
Calls Police On Student
Calls Police On Student
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举报学生‘太爱争辩’，”
07:42
For 'Being Argumentative.'"
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07:44
Clap your hands if you think this is real.
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如果觉得这是真的，请鼓掌。
07:46
(Applause)
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（掌声）
如果觉得这是假的，请鼓掌。
07:49
Clap your hands if you think this is fake.
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07:52
(Applause)
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（掌声）
不幸的是，这是真的，
07:55
The reals have it, unfortunately,
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07:58
and a point of information,
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关键是
在法律图书馆里雄辩四方，
08:00
being argumentative in a law library
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正是在对的地方做对的事情啊。
08:02
is the exact right place to do that.
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（笑声）
08:05
(Laughter)
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应该把这个学生晋升成教授。
08:06
This student should be
promoted to professor.
promoted to professor.
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好了，训练环节结束，
我们进入实战环节。
我们进入实战环节。
08:09
Training level complete,
so we move on to the real levels.
so we move on to the real levels.
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08:12
Level one, our objective is simple:
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第一关，我们的目标很简单：
角色反转。
08:15
reverse the roles.
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也就是，“白人女性举报俄勒冈州
黑人立法者参加区内竞选，”
黑人立法者参加区内竞选，”
08:17
That means "Woman Calls Cops
On Black Oregon Lawmaker"
On Black Oregon Lawmaker"
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变成“俄勒冈黑人立法者
报警举报白人女性“。
报警举报白人女性“。
08:20
becomes "Black Oregon Lawmaker
Calls Cops On Woman."
Calls Cops On Woman."
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08:24
That means "White Man
Calls Police On Black Woman
Calls Police On Black Woman
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“白人男性报警
举报黑人女性使用邻居水池”
08:26
Using Neighborhood Pool"
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变成“黑人女性报警举报
白人男性使用邻家水池”。
白人男性使用邻家水池”。
08:28
becomes "Black Woman Calls Police
On White Man Using Neighborhood Pool."
On White Man Using Neighborhood Pool."
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08:33
How do you like
them reverse racist apples?
them reverse racist apples?
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角色反转，你们感觉怎么样？
就这样，
第一关结束，
第一关结束，
08:36
That's it, level one complete,
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08:39
and so we level up to level two,
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我们升级到第二关，
我们的目标是：
增加角色反转的可信度。
增加角色反转的可信度。
08:41
where our objective is to increase
the believability of the reversal.
the believability of the reversal.
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面对现实吧，“黑人女性报警举报
白人男性使用邻家水池”
白人男性使用邻家水池”
08:46
Let's face it, a black woman
calling police on a white man using a pool
calling police on a white man using a pool
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还不够荒谬，
08:49
isn't absurd enough,
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如果白人男人问都没问
就试图碰她的头发呢？
就试图碰她的头发呢？
08:51
but what if that white man was trying
to touch her hair without asking,
to touch her hair without asking,
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或者他正在一边骑独轮车，
一边准备燕麦奶呢？
一边准备燕麦奶呢？
08:56
or maybe he was making oat milk
while riding a unicycle,
while riding a unicycle,
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09:02
or maybe he's just talking
over everyone in a meeting.
over everyone in a meeting.
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又或许他只是在会议中谈论每个人。
09:05
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
我们都经历过那种场景，是吧？
09:06
We've all been there, right?
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说真的，我们都经历过那种情况。
09:08
Seriously, we've all been there.
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就这样，第二关通关。
09:11
So that's it, level two complete.
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09:14
But it comes with a warning:
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不过，还有一则警告：
仅仅调转不公平的矛头
并不是公平的做法。
并不是公平的做法。
09:17
simply reversing the flow
of injustice is not justice.
of injustice is not justice.
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09:21
That is vengeance,
that is not our mission,
that is not our mission,
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那是报复，
不是我们的任务。
不是我们的任务。
09:24
that's a different game
so we level up to level three,
so we level up to level three,
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那是别的游戏了，
所以我们升级到第三关，
所以我们升级到第三关，
09:28
where the objective
is to change the action,
is to change the action,
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这一关的目标是：
改变行动，
改变行动，
也就是“报警并非唯一的选择，
09:31
also known as "calling the police
is not your only option
is not your only option
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09:35
OMG, what is wrong with you people!"
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天哪，你们到底是怎么了？”
09:36
(Applause)
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（掌声）
现在，游戏要暂停一下，
我要提醒大家注意句子结构：
我要提醒大家注意句子结构：
09:38
And I need to pause the game
to remind us of the structure.
to remind us of the structure.
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主体针对目标的行为而采取行动。
09:42
A subject takes an action
against a target engaged in some activity.
against a target engaged in some activity.
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09:47
"White Woman Calls Police
On Black Real Estate Investor
On Black Real Estate Investor
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“白人女性报警
举报黑人地产投资者
视察自家产业”，
视察自家产业”，
09:50
Inspecting His Own Property."
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09:52
"California Safeway
Calls Cops On Black Woman
Calls Cops On Black Woman
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“加州西夫韦超市报警
举报黑人女性向
流浪汉捐赠食物”，
流浪汉捐赠食物”，
09:55
Donating Food To The Homeless."
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09:57
"Gold Club Twice Calls Cops
On Black Women For Playing Too Slow."
On Black Women For Playing Too Slow."
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“高尔夫球俱乐部两次报警
举报黑人女性打球太慢”。
举报黑人女性打球太慢”。
在所有这类例子中，
主体一般是白人，
主体一般是白人，
10:03
In all these cases,
the subject is usually white,
the subject is usually white,
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而目标一般是黑人，
10:07
the target is usually black,
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其中遭举报的行为多种多样，
10:09
and the activities are anything,
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10:11
from sitting in a Starbucks
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如坐在星巴克、
10:14
to using the wrong type of barbecue
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使用的烧烤架类型不对、
打盹、
10:17
to napping
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“焦虑地”走在上班的路上，
10:18
to walking "agitated" on the way to work,
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我觉得这就是
“步行上班”而已。
“步行上班”而已。
10:21
which I just call "walking to work."
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10:24
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
10:25
And, my personal favorite,
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还有，我最喜欢的一则：
男方未阻止自家狗狗与
女方狗狗交配，
女方狗狗交配，
10:27
not stopping his dog from humping her dog,
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这显然就得找
专门管狗的警察，
专门管狗的警察，
10:31
which is clearly a case for dog police,
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10:34
not people police.
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而不是找管人的警察。
所有这样那样的活动
叠加起来，就是生活。
叠加起来，就是生活。
10:36
All of these activities add up to living.
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我们的存在被视为犯罪。
10:42
Our existence is being
interpreted as crime.
interpreted as crime.
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现在，讲到这里我必须说的是，
10:47
Now, this is the obligatory moment
in the presentation where I have to say,
in the presentation where I have to say,
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10:50
not everything is about race.
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并不是一切都与种族有关的。
犯罪是问题，应该报警；
10:53
Crime is a thing, should be reported,
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10:55
but ask yourself, do we need armed men
to show up and resolve this situation,
to show up and resolve this situation,
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但扪心自问，我们需要武装人员
出面来解决上述这些问题吗？
出面来解决上述这些问题吗？
11:01
because when they show up for me,
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因为武装人员出面的话，
对我来说，就不一样了。
11:04
it's different.
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11:06
We know that police officers
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我们知道，
警察对黑人使用的武力
警察对黑人使用的武力
11:08
use force more with black people
than with white people,
than with white people,
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比对白人使用的武力要多，
我们也越来越明白
拨打911报警在其中的作用。
拨打911报警在其中的作用。
11:13
and we are learning
the role of 911 calls in this.
the role of 911 calls in this.
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11:17
Thanks to preliminary research
from the Center for Policing Equity,
from the Center for Policing Equity,
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多亏了警务公平中心的初步调查，
我们了解到，
11:20
we're learning that in some cities,
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在某些城市大部分
警民之间的接触
警民之间的接触
11:22
most of the interactions
between cops and citizens
between cops and citizens
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都是因为有人拨打了911报警，
11:25
is due to 911 calls,
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11:26
not officer-initiated stops,
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而不是警察主动出警制止的，
而且警察对平民使用的
大多数暴力和武力，
大多数暴力和武力，
11:28
and most of the violence,
the use of force by police on citizens,
the use of force by police on citizens,
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都是因报警电话而起。
11:32
is in response to those calls.
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11:35
Further, when those officers
responding to calls use force,
responding to calls use force,
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此外，当警官以武力来
给报警电话一个交待时，
给报警电话一个交待时，
这种情况会越来越多，
11:39
that increases in areas
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特别是
11:41
where the percentage
of the white population
of the white population
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在白人比例上涨的地区，
11:43
has also increased,
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11:45
aka gentrification,
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2060
也叫作贵族化，
独轮车、燕麦奶、
11:47
aka unicycles and oat milk,
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11:50
aka when BBQ Becky feels threatened,
239
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也就是BBQ贝基觉得受到威胁时，
她在我的社区对我来说
也是一个威胁，
也是一个威胁，
11:53
she becomes a threat to me
in my own neighborhood,
in my own neighborhood,
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逼我和像我一样的人
11:57
which forces me and people like me
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监督管制我们自己。
11:59
to police ourselves.
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2017
我们沉默不语，
我们如履薄冰，
我们如履薄冰，
12:01
We quiet ourselves, we walk on eggshells,
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12:04
we maybe pull over to the side of the road
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警察示意我们靠边停车时，
我们会停在所能找到的
最亮的街灯下。
最亮的街灯下。
12:07
under the brightest light we can find
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12:09
so that our murder
246
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这样，若是我们被杀害，
监控视频才可能
清晰地记录下来，
清晰地记录下来，
12:11
might be caught cleanly on camera,
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12:14
and we do this because we live in a system
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我们之所以这么做，
是因为在我们生存的体系里，
白人可以轻易地呼叫致命武力
白人可以轻易地呼叫致命武力
12:17
in which white people
can too easily call on deadly force
can too easily call on deadly force
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来保障自己的舒适生活。
12:21
to ensure their comfort.
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12:24
(Applause)
251
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（掌声）
加州西夫韦超市不仅报警了，
12:30
The California Safeway
252
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12:31
didn't just call cops
on black woman donating food to homeless.
on black woman donating food to homeless.
253
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4809
举报黑人女性向流浪汉捐赠食物，
还叫来了令人无法解释的武装人员。
12:36
They ordered armed,
unaccountable men upon her.
unaccountable men upon her.
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12:39
They essentially called in a drone strike.
255
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实际上，还有无人机空袭。
12:43
This is weaponized discomfort,
256
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这是武器化的不适，
12:46
and it is not new.
257
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这也不是什么新闻了。
12:48
From 1877 to 1950,
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从1877年到1950年，
12:51
there were at least 4,400 documented
racial terror lynchings of black people
racial terror lynchings of black people
259
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至少有4400个记录在案的
黑人在美国遭受
种族恐怖私刑的内容。
种族恐怖私刑的内容。
12:56
in the United States.
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1893
12:58
They had headlines as well.
261
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标题也是：
13:01
"Rev. T.A. Allen was lynched
in Hernando, Mississippi
in Hernando, Mississippi
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“神父T.A.艾伦因组织地方佃农，
在密西西比赫尔南多被处以私刑”，
13:04
for organizing local sharecroppers."
263
772458
3185
“奥利弗·摩尔
吓唬白人小女孩，
吓唬白人小女孩，
13:07
"Oliver Moore was lynched
in Edgecomb County, North Carolina,
in Edgecomb County, North Carolina,
264
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2851
在北卡罗来纳州埃吉科姆县
被处以私刑”，
被处以私刑”，
13:10
for frightening a white girl."
265
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13:12
"Nathan Bird was lynched
near Luling, Texas,
near Luling, Texas,
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“内森·伯德拒绝
将儿子交给暴徒，
将儿子交给暴徒，
13:14
for refusing to turn his son
over to a mob."
over to a mob."
267
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在德州庐陵附近被处以私刑”。
我们要改变行动，
13:18
We need to change the action,
268
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2351
13:20
whether that action is "lynches"
269
788792
1851
不管是“处以私刑”，
13:22
or "calls police."
270
790667
2059
或是“打报警电话”。
既然我已经缩短了
两者之间的距离，
两者之间的距离，
13:24
And now that I have shortened
the distance between those two,
the distance between those two,
271
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13:28
let's get back to our game,
to our mission.
to our mission.
272
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让我们回到游戏、
回到我们的任务中去吧。
回到我们的任务中去吧。
在第三关，我们的目标是：
改变行动。
改变行动。
13:31
Our objective in level three
is to change the action.
is to change the action.
273
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3018
13:34
So what if, instead of
274
802042
1809
如果
加州西夫韦超市没有报警投诉
“黑人女性向流浪汉捐赠食物”，
“黑人女性向流浪汉捐赠食物”，
13:35
"Calls Cops On Black Woman
Donating Food To Homeless,"
Donating Food To Homeless,"
275
803875
2934
13:38
that California Safeway simply thanks her.
276
806833
2584
而只是向她表示感谢，
会怎么样呢？
会怎么样呢？
一句感谢比把执法人员
叫到现场要省钱省事。
叫到现场要省钱省事。
13:42
Thanking is far cheaper than bringing
law enforcement to the scene.
law enforcement to the scene.
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13:45
(Applause)
278
813750
1268
（掌声）
或者，
13:47
Or, instead,
279
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他们可以把本会浪费的食物送给她，
13:49
they could give the food
they would have wasted to her,
they would have wasted to her,
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13:52
upped their civic cred.
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提升自己的公民信誉。
而那位看到8岁黑人
小女孩卖水的白人女性，
小女孩卖水的白人女性，
13:54
Or, the white woman who called the police
on the eight-year-old black girl,
on the eight-year-old black girl,
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她本可以买下给人小女孩所有的水，
13:58
she could have bought all the inventory
from that little black girl,
from that little black girl,
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14:01
support a small business.
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照顾小女孩的小生意。
因黑人地产投资者
而打电话报警的白人女性，
而打电话报警的白人女性，
14:03
And the white woman who called the police
on the black real estate investor,
on the black real estate investor,
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如果直接忽略他、
管好自己的事情，
管好自己的事情，
14:07
we would all be better off,
the cops agree,
the cops agree,
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14:09
if she had simply ignored him
and minded her own damn business.
and minded her own damn business.
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那我们都会过得更好，
警察也不会有异议。
警察也不会有异议。
14:12
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
管好自己的事是
非常机智的选择，
非常机智的选择，
14:14
Minding one's own damn business
is an excellent choice, excellent choice.
is an excellent choice, excellent choice.
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14:18
Choose it more often.
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建议多这样选！
14:20
Level three is complete,
but there is a final bonus level,
but there is a final bonus level,
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第三关完成，
还有最后的奖励关，
还有最后的奖励关，
奖励关的目标是包容。
14:25
where the objective is inclusion.
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我们也曾看到过这样的标题：
14:27
We have also seen headlines like this:
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14:30
"Powerful Man Masturbates
In Front Of Young Women
In Front Of Young Women
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“年轻女子到访办公室，
强壮男子在其面前打飞机”，
14:33
Visiting His Office."
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14:35
What an odd choice
for powerful man to make.
for powerful man to make.
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强壮男子的选择真奇怪。
明明还有那么多其他选择呢。
14:39
So many other actions available to him.
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14:42
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
14:43
Like, such as, "listens to,"
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比如说，“倾听”、
“指导”、
14:46
"mentors,"
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“受到鼓舞、创办合资企业、
那现在大家都富裕了”。
那现在大家都富裕了”。
14:48
"inspired by, starts joint venture,
everybody rich now."
everybody rich now."
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14:52
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
我就想生活在一个
人人富裕的世界里。
人人富裕的世界里。
14:53
I want to live in that world
of everybody rich now,
of everybody rich now,
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但是因为他选错了，所以我们
都生活在贫穷的世界中。
都生活在贫穷的世界中。
14:56
but because of his poor choice,
we are all in a poorer world.
we are all in a poorer world.
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本来不必如此。
15:01
Doesn't have to be this way.
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这个文字游戏提醒了我，
白人至上有固定结构，
白人至上有固定结构，
15:03
This word game reminded me that
there is a structure to white supremacy,
there is a structure to white supremacy,
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就像厌女症有固定结构，
15:07
as there is to misogyny,
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15:09
as there is to all
systemic abuses of power.
systemic abuses of power.
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就像所有的系统滥用权力
也有固定结构。
也有固定结构。
固定结构使其系统化。
15:12
Structure is what makes them systemic.
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我请在座的各位
15:17
I'm asking people here
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15:19
to see the structure,
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2059
看看其中的固定结构，
其中的权力在哪里，
15:21
where the power is in it,
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更重要的是，
15:23
and even more importantly
to see the humanity
to see the humanity
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看看我们中用这些结构
“发起攻击”的人的人性。
“发起攻击”的人的人性。
15:26
of those of us made targets
by this structure.
by this structure.
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我能站到这里，是因为有人爱我、
投资我、保护我，我很幸运，
投资我、保护我，我很幸运，
15:31
I am here because I was loved
and invested in and protected and lucky,
and invested in and protected and lucky,
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6142
15:37
because I went to the right schools,
I'm semifamous, mostly happy,
I'm semifamous, mostly happy,
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3143
因为我上了好学校，
我有点名气，我很开心，
我有点名气，我很开心，
15:40
meditate twice a day,
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每天冥想两次，
15:42
and yet,
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即使这样，
我还在恐惧中生活，
15:44
I walk around in fear,
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因为我知道，任何认为
我是个威胁的人
我是个威胁的人
15:46
because I know that someone
seeing me as a threat
seeing me as a threat
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15:50
can become a threat to my life,
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对我来说也是个威胁，
我累了。
15:53
and I am tired.
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我厌倦了，
15:56
I am tired of carrying
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因为别人的恐惧
而背负这个看不见的负担，
而背负这个看不见的负担，
15:57
this invisible burden
of other people's fears,
of other people's fears,
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我们很多人都厌倦了，
16:01
and many of us are,
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我们本不需要背负这样的负担，
16:03
and we shouldn't have to,
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16:05
because we can change this,
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953625
2893
因为我们可以改变现状，
我们可以改变行动，
从而改变新闻，
从而改变新闻，
16:08
because we can change the action,
which changes the story,
which changes the story,
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956542
4517
以此
16:13
which changes the system
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2042
改变允许那些新闻发生的系统。
16:16
that allows those stories to happen.
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1851
各种体系不过是我们
所相信的各种新闻的汇集。
所相信的各种新闻的汇集。
16:18
Systems are just collective
stories we all buy into.
stories we all buy into.
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若我们改变各种体系，
16:23
When we change them,
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971083
2143
16:25
we write a better reality
for us all to be a part of.
for us all to be a part of.
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973250
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我们就能为自己
书写更美好的现实篇章。
书写更美好的现实篇章。
我恳请大家
16:29
I am asking us
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977792
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使用自己的选择权。
16:31
to use our power to choose.
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2476
16:34
I am asking us to level up.
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3517
我邀请大家一起通关升级。
谢谢大家。
16:37
Thank you.
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985958
1268
我是巴拉顿·拉菲克·瑟斯顿。
16:39
I am Baratunde Rafiq Thurston.
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16:41
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Baratunde Thurston - Writer, activist, comedianBaratunde Thurston is an Emmy-nominated writer, activist and comedian who addresses serious issues with depth, wit and calls to action. He believes the stories we tell help shape the world in which we live. Also, he's from the future.
Why you should listen
Baratunde Thurston has worked for The Onion, produced for The Daily Show, advised the Obama White House and cleaned bathrooms to pay for his Harvard education. He's the host of the iHeartMedia podcast Spit, wrote the New York Times bestseller How to Be Black and serves on the boards of BUILD and the Brooklyn Public Library. He makes media, delivers keynotes and promotes action with his unique blend of criticism, humor and optimism. He's most invested in topics of race, technology, democracy and climate, because the hard stuff has already been solved.
Baratunde Thurston | Speaker | TED.com