TEDGlobal 2009
Joshua Silver: Adjustable liquid-filled eyeglasses
Josh Silver演示可调节的液体填充眼镜
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在如何矫正视力的问题上，Josh Silver介绍了一种简单聪明，而且花费很低的方案──可调节的、液体填充镜片。在2009年TED世界大会上，他展示了这种便宜的眼镜，并颁布了他的计划：到2020年，让十亿人戴上这种眼镜。
Joshua Silver - Optical innovator
Atomic physicist Joshua Silver invented liquid-filled optical lenses to produce low-cost, adjustable glasses, giving sight to millions without access to an optometrist. Full bio
Atomic physicist Joshua Silver invented liquid-filled optical lenses to produce low-cost, adjustable glasses, giving sight to millions without access to an optometrist. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:19
I'm going to tell you about one of the world's largest problems
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我将要说的，是现今世界最大的问题之一
00:23
and how it can be solved.
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以及解决它的方法
00:27
I'd like to start with a little experiment.
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我想以一个小实验开场
00:31
Could you put your hand up if you wear glasses or contact lenses,
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戴眼镜或隐形眼镜的请举手
00:37
or you've had laser refractive surgery?
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或者做过激光屈光手术的
00:40
Now, unfortunately, there are too many of you for me to do the statistics properly.
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麻烦了，人太多了我都数不过来了
00:47
But it looks like -- I'm guessing -- that it'll be about 60 percent of the room
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但是我估计，举手的人大概占60%
00:52
because that's roughly the fraction of developed world population
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因为这差不多就是做过视力矫正的人
00:58
that have some sort of vision correction.
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在发达国家的比例
01:02
The World Health Organization estimates --
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世界卫生组织评估过
01:07
well, they make various estimates of the number of people who need glasses --
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他们通过不同的方式评估过需要戴眼镜的人数
01:11
the lowest estimate is 150 million people.
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最少也得有一亿五千万人
01:15
They also have an estimate of around a billion.
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还有的估计是差不多10亿
01:19
But in fact, I would argue that we've just done an experiment here and now,
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但是事实上，我们在这里刚刚统计了一次
01:23
which shows us that the global need for corrective eyewear
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说明世界上有差不多一半的人
01:27
is around half of any population.
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需要佩戴眼镜
01:31
And the problem of poor vision, is actually not just a health problem,
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视力差，实际上不仅仅是个健康问题
01:38
it's also an educational problem,
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它还是教育问题
01:41
and it's an economic problem, and it's a quality of life problem.
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经济问题，生活质量的问题
01:47
Glasses are not very expensive. They're quite plentiful.
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眼镜不贵，也不紧缺
01:52
The problem is, there aren't enough eye care professionals in the world
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问题在于，没有足够的眼科方面的专业人士
01:59
to use the model of the delivery of corrective eyewear
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会使用我们在发达国家中所用的
02:03
that we have in the developed world.
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视力矫正器
02:05
There are just way too few eye care professionals.
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眼科护理专家实在是太少了
02:08
So this little slide here shows you an optometrist
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幻灯片上表示的是一位验光师
02:11
and the little blue person represents about 10,000 people
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一个蓝色小人代表大约一万人
02:16
and that's the ratio in the U.K.
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这是在英国的比例
02:18
This is the ratio of optometrists to people in sub-Saharan Africa.
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这是在撒哈拉以南非洲中验光师占总人口的比例
02:23
In fact, there are some countries in sub-Saharan Africa
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事实上，有一些撒哈拉以南非洲的国家
02:25
where there's one optometrist for eight million of the population.
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八百万人里只有一个验光师
02:31
How do you do this? How do you solve this problem?
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怎么办？怎么解决这个问题？
02:35
I came up with a solution to this problem,
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我有个办法
02:38
and I came up with a solution based on adaptive optics for this.
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这个方法是基于自适应光学的
02:41
And the idea is you make eye glasses, and you adjust them yourself
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自己做眼镜，自己调整
02:45
and that solves the problem.
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这样问题就解决了
02:47
What I want to do is to show you that one can make a pair of glasses.
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我接下来给你们演示自己如何做副眼镜
02:55
I shall just show you how you make a pair of glasses. I shall pop this in my pocket.
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我来给你们演示一下，我把它放在口袋里
03:01
I'm short sighted. I look at the signs at the end, I can hardly see them.
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我近视，几乎看不到最后排的标志
03:06
So -- okay, I can now see that man running out there,
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这样，好了，我能看见有个人跑出去了
03:11
and I can see that guy running out there.
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我还能看见那边有个人跑出去了
03:13
I've now made prescription eyewear to my prescription.
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我通过自己诊断，做了副处方眼镜
03:18
Next step in my process.
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接下来要这么做
03:21
So, I've now made eye glasses to my prescription.
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我给自己诊断，做了副眼镜
03:26
Okay, so I've made these glasses and ...
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好，这个眼镜...
03:32
Okay, I've made the glasses to my prescription and ...
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...只要自己就行
03:39
... I've just ...
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就快好了
03:51
And I've now made some glasses. That's it.
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这就是我自己做的眼镜
03:54
(Applause)
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（掌声）
04:01
Now, these aren't the only pair in the world.
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这副眼镜不是独一无二的
04:05
In fact, this technology's been evolving.
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事实上，这种技术一直在发展
04:08
I started working on it in 1985,
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我从1985年开始从事这个工作
04:11
and it's been evolving very slowly.
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这项技术发展得非常缓慢
04:14
There are about 30,000 in use now.
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现在世界上有大约三万人在使用
04:16
And they're in fifteen countries. They're spread around the world.
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他们分布在十五个国家，遍布全世界
04:20
And I have a vision, which I'll share with you.
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我有个梦想，想要跟大家分享
04:23
I have a global vision for vision.
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一个关于视力的全球性的梦想
04:26
And that vision is to try to get a billion people
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就是让十亿人
04:31
wearing the glasses they need by the year 2020.
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到2020年，能带上这种眼镜
04:36
To do that -- this is an early example of the technology.
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要实现这个梦想----这只是个早期演示品
04:39
The technology is being further developed --
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现在技术已经大幅进步了
04:41
the cost has to be brought down.
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必须减小成本
04:43
This pair, in fact, these currently cost about 19 dollars.
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这副眼镜，事实上，成本大约19美元
04:48
But the cost has to be brought right down.
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但成本必须降下来
04:50
It has to be brought down because we're trying to serve populations
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之所以要控制成本，是因为我们服务的人群
04:53
who live on a dollar a day.
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是日均消费水平只有1美元的人
04:55
How do you solve this problem?
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怎么办？
04:57
You start to get into detail.
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你得从细节着手
04:59
And on this slide, I'm basically explaining all the problems you have.
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这里我简要的介绍下可能遇到的各种问题
05:04
How do you distribute? How do you work out how to fit the thing?
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怎么运输？怎么教人如何使用？
05:08
How do you have people realizing that they have a vision problem?
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怎么让人们意识到他们有视力问题？
05:12
How do you deal with the industry?
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怎么处理工业生产的问题？
05:14
And the answer to that is research.
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答案就是研究
05:18
What we've done is to set up the Center for Vision in the Developing World
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我们已经建立了发展中国家视力中心
05:22
here in the university.
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在这所大学里
05:24
If you want to know more, just come have a look at our website. Thank you.
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如果想进一步了解，请登录我们的网站。谢谢。
05:27
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joshua Silver - Optical innovatorAtomic physicist Joshua Silver invented liquid-filled optical lenses to produce low-cost, adjustable glasses, giving sight to millions without access to an optometrist.
Why you should listen
Joshua Silver reckons that around half the world's population needs corrective eyewear, yet has no access to it. His ultra-utilitarian spectacle design relies on the principle that the fatter the lens, the more powerful it becomes. The lenses are filled with liquid, and can be adjusted to different strengths by adding or removing fluid from tiny syringes on each arm, then locked to the right strength.
More than 30,000 of his lenses have been distributed in 15 countries, and a new model will scale that number up to millions.
Joshua Silver | Speaker | TED.com