TEDxChange
Mechai Viravaidya: How Mr. Condom made Thailand a better place for life and love
Mechai Viravaidya: 套套先生，让泰国更美好
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
1,169,694 views
在TEDxChange系列中， 泰国的“安全套之父”，Mechai Viravaidya 向观众展示泰国在二十世纪七十年代如何采取大胆的措施来提高人民的生活水平。控制人口是他们的首要任务。他的演讲围绕安全套展开，直爽风趣，也发人深省。
Mechai Viravaidya - Public health expert
Since 1974, Mechai Viravaidya has been creating and running innovative family planning and poverty reduction programs throughout Southeast Asia. Full bio
Since 1974, Mechai Viravaidya has been creating and running innovative family planning and poverty reduction programs throughout Southeast Asia. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Welcome to Thailand.
0
0
3000
欢迎来到泰国。
00:18
Now, when I was a young man -- 40 years ago,
1
3000
3000
四十年前，我还是个年轻小伙子的时候，
00:21
the country was very, very poor
2
6000
2000
这个国家非常，非常穷。
00:23
with lots and lots and lots of people living in poverty.
3
8000
3000
无数人过着贫困的生活。
00:26
We decided to do something about it,
4
11000
3000
我们决心改变这一切，
00:29
but we didn't begin with a welfare program
5
14000
2000
但我们没有实施任何福利政策，
00:31
or a poverty reduction program.
6
16000
3000
或者扶贫计划。
00:34
But we began with a family-planning program,
7
19000
3000
我们开始推行计划生育政策，
00:37
following a very successful
8
22000
2000
采取了一套非常成功的
00:39
maternal child health activity,
9
24000
2000
母子保健措施，
00:41
sets of activities.
10
26000
2000
多项措施。
00:43
So basically, no one would accept family planning
11
28000
3000
总的来说，如果孩子出生后不能存活，
00:46
if their children didn't survive.
12
31000
2000
自然不会有人接受计划生育。
00:48
So the first step: get to the children, get to the mothers,
13
33000
3000
所以，第一步就要保证孩子和母亲的生活，
00:51
and then follow up with family planning.
14
36000
2000
然后实行计划生育。
00:53
Not just child mortality alone, you need also family planning.
15
38000
3000
光控制婴儿的死亡率是不够的，你还需要计划生育。
00:56
Now let me take you back
16
41000
2000
我带大家回顾一下
00:58
as to why we needed to do it.
17
43000
2000
当初我们为什么要采取这个政策。
01:00
In my country, that was the case in 1974.
18
45000
3000
1974年，在我的国家里
01:03
Seven children per family --
19
48000
2000
平均每个家庭有七个孩子。
01:05
tremendous growth at 3.3 percent.
20
50000
2000
人口增长率高达3.3%.
01:07
There was just no future.
21
52000
2000
根本没有未来可言。
01:09
We needed to reduce the population growth rate.
22
54000
2000
我们必须降低人口增长率。
01:11
So we said, "Let's do it."
23
56000
2000
于是我们决定：“马上行动。”
01:13
The women said, "We agree. We'll use pills,
24
58000
2000
而妇女们说：“我们同意。我们可以使用避孕药，
01:15
but we need a doctor to prescribe the pills,"
25
60000
3000
但是需要医生开药。”
01:18
and we had very, very few doctors.
26
63000
2000
不巧的是我国当时没几个医生。
01:20
We didn't take no as an answer;
27
65000
2000
我们并没有气馁；
01:22
we took no as a question.
28
67000
2000
而是试图解决这个问题。
01:24
We went to the nurses and the midwives, who were also women,
29
69000
3000
我们向护士们和助产士们求助，她们都是女性，
01:27
and did a fantastic job
30
72000
2000
她们出色地解说了
01:29
at explaining how to use the pill.
31
74000
2000
避孕药的使用方法。
01:31
That was wonderful,
32
76000
2000
这非常好，
01:33
but it covered only 20 percent of the country.
33
78000
2000
但是这也只能帮助全国20％ 的地区。
01:35
What do we do for the other 80 percent --
34
80000
2000
剩下的80％怎么办呢 --
01:37
leave them alone and say, "Well, they're not medical personnel."
35
82000
3000
撒手不管，说：“没办法，我们没有足够的医务人员”？
01:40
No, we decided to do a bit more.
36
85000
2000
不，我们决定做出更多努力。
01:42
So we went to the ordinary people that you saw.
37
87000
3000
于是我们向普通老百姓求助，就是你们看到的这些人。
01:45
Actually, below that yellow sign --
38
90000
2000
实际上，在那个黄色牌子后面 --
01:47
I wish they hadn't wiped that,
39
92000
2000
但愿他们还没把它撤下来，
01:49
because there was "Coca-Cola" there.
40
94000
3000
因为牌子后面放的是可口可乐。
01:52
We were so much bigger than Coca-Cola in those days.
41
97000
3000
我们当时的名气比可口可乐大多了。
01:55
And no difference,
42
100000
2000
普通老百姓一样可以胜任，
01:57
the people they chose were the people we chose.
43
102000
3000
他们帮助的人群正是我们的目标人群。
02:00
They were well-known in the community,
44
105000
2000
他们和他们的圈子里的人很熟，
02:02
they knew that customers were always right,
45
107000
2000
他们知道顾客就是上帝，
02:04
and they were terrific, and they practiced their family planning themselves.
46
109000
3000
他们不但帮了大忙，自己也在进行节育措施。
02:07
So they could supply pills and condoms
47
112000
2000
他们可以在全国各个村庄
02:09
throughout the country, in every village of the country.
48
114000
2000
提供避孕药和安全套。
02:11
So there we are. We went to the people
49
116000
2000
就这样，我们找这些老百姓帮忙。
02:13
who were seen as the cause of the problem
50
118000
2000
他们实际上是在帮助自己
02:15
to be the solution.
51
120000
2000
解决问题。
02:17
Wherever there were people --
52
122000
2000
只要是有人的地方 --
02:19
and you can see boats with the women, selling things --
53
124000
2000
你们看到这些划船的妇女 -- 在卖东西 --
02:21
here's the floating market
54
126000
2000
这里是一个水上市场
02:23
selling bananas and crabs
55
128000
2000
卖香蕉和螃蟹
02:25
and also contraceptives --
56
130000
2000
还有节育用品 --
02:27
wherever you find people,
57
132000
2000
在泰国，只要是有人的地方，
02:29
you'll find contraceptives in Thailand.
58
134000
2000
你就能找到节育用品。
02:31
And then we decided, why not get to religion
59
136000
2000
接着，我们决定找宗教人士帮忙，
02:33
because in the Philippines,
60
138000
2000
在菲律宾，
02:35
the Catholic Church was pretty strong,
61
140000
2000
天主教堂的影响力非常大，
02:37
and Thai people were Buddhist.
62
142000
2000
而泰国人信仰佛教。
02:39
We went to them and they said, "Look, could you help us?"
63
144000
2000
我们去找他们，他们说：”能请你们帮忙吗？“
02:41
I'm there -- the one in blue, not the yellow --
64
146000
3000
我当时在场，穿蓝色衣服的就是我，不是黄衣服那个，
02:44
holding a bowl of holy water
65
149000
2000
我手里捧着一碗圣水
02:46
for the monk to sprinkle holy water
66
151000
2000
让那个和尚把圣水
02:48
on pills and condoms
67
153000
2000
浇在避孕药和安全套上
02:50
for the sanctity of the family.
68
155000
3000
来保佑家庭的圣洁。
02:53
And this picture was sent throughout the country.
69
158000
2000
这张照片传遍了全国。
02:55
So some of the monks in the villages were doing the same thing themselves.
70
160000
3000
一些和尚在各自的村子里也在做同样的工作
02:58
And the women were saying, "No wonder we have no side-effects.
71
163000
3000
妇女们说：”难怪我们没感到任何副作用。
03:01
It's been blessed."
72
166000
2000
原来是佛祖保佑啊。”
03:03
That was their perception.
73
168000
2000
她们是这么想的。
03:05
And then we went to teachers.
74
170000
2000
我们去找教师们。
03:07
You need everybody to be involved
75
172000
3000
你需要所有人的参与，
03:10
in trying to provide whatever it is
76
175000
3000
各尽一份力
03:13
that make humanity a better place.
77
178000
2000
让世界更人性化。
03:15
So we went to the teachers.
78
180000
2000
于是我们去找教师们。
03:17
Over a quarter of a million were taught about family planning
79
182000
2000
超过二十五万人在学校学习与计划生育有关的新字母表
03:19
with a new alphabet -- A, B for birth, C for condom,
80
184000
3000
A，B是birth（生育），C是condom（安全套），
03:22
I for IUD, V for vasectomy.
81
187000
2000
I是 IUD （子宫内用具）， V是 vasectomy（输精管结扎术）.
03:24
And then we had a snakes and ladders game, where you throw dice.
82
189000
2000
我们后来还有一套智力棋游戏，置色子来玩的。
03:26
If you land on anything pro-family planning, you move ahead.
83
191000
3000
如果你的棋落在支持节育的格子里，那你就可以继续向前走。
03:29
Like, "Mother takes the pill every night.
84
194000
2000
比如说，“妈妈每晚服避孕药。
03:31
Very good, mother. Move ahead.
85
196000
2000
非常好，妈妈。往前走。
03:33
Uncle buys a condom. Very good, uncle. Move ahead.
86
198000
2000
叔叔买了一个安全套。非常好，叔叔。往前走。
03:35
Uncle gets drunk, doesn't use condom. Come back, start again."
87
200000
2000
叔叔喝醉了，没有用安全套。退回去，从头来。”
03:37
(Laughter)
88
202000
2000
（大笑）
03:39
Again, education, class entertainment.
89
204000
3000
这叫寓教于乐。
03:42
And the kids were doing it in school too.
90
207000
2000
孩子们在学校里也有这些活动。
03:44
We had relay races with condoms,
91
209000
2000
我们有安全套接力赛，
03:46
we had children's condom-blowing championship.
92
211000
2000
还有少儿吹安全套冠军杯。
03:48
And before long,
93
213000
2000
不久前，
03:50
the condom was know as the girl's best friend.
94
215000
3000
安全套荣幸地成为女孩子们最亲密的朋友。
03:53
In Thailand, for poor people, diamonds don't make it --
95
218000
2000
在泰国，对于穷人来说，钻石太遥不可及了。
03:55
so the condom is the girl's best friend.
96
220000
3000
所以安全套取而代之，成为女孩们最好的朋友。
03:59
We introduced our first microcredit program in 1975,
97
224000
3000
1975年，我们开始推行首个小额贷款政策。
04:02
and the women who organized it said,
98
227000
2000
做筹划工作的妇女们说：
04:04
"We only want to lend
99
229000
2000
“我们只贷款给
04:06
to women who practice family planning.
100
231000
2000
那些进行节育的妇女。
04:08
If you're pregnant, take care of your pregnancy.
101
233000
2000
如果你怀孕了，那你就得自己想办法了。
04:10
If you're not pregnant, you can take a loan out from us."
102
235000
2000
如果你没怀孕，那就可以向我们贷款。”
04:12
And that was run by them.
103
237000
2000
这就是由她们组织的。
04:14
And after 35/36 years,
104
239000
2000
35年，36年之后，
04:16
it's still going on.
105
241000
2000
这个项目还在进行。
04:18
It's a part of the Village Development Bank;
106
243000
2000
现在已经成为农村发展银行的一个部门了。
04:20
it's not a real bank, but it's a fund -- microcredit.
107
245000
3000
这不是一个真的银行，而是一个基金会 -- 提供小额贷款。
04:23
And we didn't need a big organization to run it --
108
248000
2000
我们不需要一个大型组织来管理这个项目。
04:25
it was run by the villagers themselves.
109
250000
2000
它是由村民自主管理的。
04:27
And you probably hardly see a Thai man there,
110
252000
2000
在这里，你可能很难看到泰国男人。
04:29
it's always women, women, women, women.
111
254000
3000
到处都是女人，女人，女人，女人。
04:32
And then we thought we'd help America,
112
257000
2000
后来，我们觉得应该帮助一下美国，
04:34
because America's been helping everyone,
113
259000
2000
因为美国不管人家需不需要帮助，
04:36
whether they want help or not.
114
261000
2000
总是乐于助人。
04:38
(Laughter)
115
263000
5000
（笑声）
04:43
And this is on the Fourth of July.
116
268000
3000
这是7月4日美国国庆日。
04:46
We decided to provide vasectomy to all men,
117
271000
3000
我们决定向所有男性提供输精管结扎手术。
04:49
but in particular, American men to the front of the queue,
118
274000
2000
而先到场的美籍男性可以享受特殊待遇，
04:51
right up to the Ambassador's residence
119
276000
2000
直接在美国大使的官邸
04:53
during his [unclear].
120
278000
2000
进行手术。
04:55
And the hotel gave us the ballroom for it --
121
280000
2000
宾馆把舞厅借给我们做场地。
04:57
very appropriate room.
122
282000
2000
这是一个相当正经的房间。
04:59
(Laughter)
123
284000
3000
（大笑）
05:02
And since it was near lunch time,
124
287000
2000
快到午饭时间，
05:04
they said, "All right, we'll give you some lunch.
125
289000
2000
他们说：“好了，我们会准备午餐。
05:06
Of course, it must be American cola.
126
291000
2000
当然，肯定要有美国可乐。
05:08
You get two brands, Coke and Pepsi.
127
293000
2000
有两种选择，可口可乐和百事可乐。
05:10
And then the food is either hamburger or hotdog."
128
295000
3000
可供选择的食物有汉堡包和热狗。”
05:13
And I thought a hotdog will be more symbolic.
129
298000
2000
我觉得还是热狗更具象征意义。
05:15
(Laughter)
130
300000
2000
（哄堂大笑）
05:17
And here is this, then, young man called Willy Bohm
131
302000
3000
这一位小伙子叫威利.波姆，
05:20
who worked for the USAID.
132
305000
2000
他为美国国际开发总署工作。
05:22
Obviously, he's had his vasectomy
133
307000
2000
很明显，他刚做完结扎手术，
05:24
because his hotdog is half eaten, and he was very happy.
134
309000
3000
看他手里拿着吃得只剩一半的热狗，还乐呵呵的。
05:27
It made a lot of news in America, and it angered some people also.
135
312000
3000
这在美国制造了很多新闻，还惹怒了一些人。
05:30
I said, "Don't worry. Come over and I'll do the whole lot of you."
136
315000
2000
我说：“没关系。你们也过来吧，我们会满足所有人的需要。”
05:32
(Laughter)
137
317000
2000
（笑声）
05:34
And what happened?
138
319000
2000
结果如何？
05:36
In all this thing,
139
321000
2000
在所有努力之下，
05:38
from seven children to 1.5 children,
140
323000
2000
每个家庭平均7个孩子减少到1.5个。
05:40
population growth rate of 3.3 to 0.5.
141
325000
3000
人口增长率从3.3％降到0.5％。
05:43
You could call it the Coca-Cola approach if you like --
142
328000
3000
你可以把它称为可口可乐策略。
05:46
it was exactly the same thing.
143
331000
2000
因为我们用的是同样的策略。
05:48
I'm not sure whether Coca-Cola followed us, or we followed Coca-Cola,
144
333000
3000
我不确定是可口可乐学我们，还是我们学他们，
05:51
but we're good friends.
145
336000
2000
反正我们是铁哥们儿。
05:53
And so that's the case of everyone joining in.
146
338000
2000
这是所有人一同出力的结果。
05:55
We didn't have a strong government. We didn't have lots of doctors.
147
340000
3000
当时的政府软弱无力，而我们又没有足够的医生。
05:58
But it's everybody's job
148
343000
2000
但是，只有所有人行动起来，
06:00
who can change attitude and behavior.
149
345000
2000
才能改变人们的态度和行为。
06:02
Then AIDS came along and hit Thailand,
150
347000
2000
随后，艾滋病席卷了泰国。
06:04
and we had to stop doing a lot of good things
151
349000
2000
我们不得不停下手中忙碌的事业
06:06
to fight AIDS.
152
351000
2000
来抗击艾滋病。
06:08
But unfortunately, the government was in denial, denial, denial.
153
353000
3000
不幸的是，政府一再否决我们的行动。
06:11
So our work wasn't affected.
154
356000
2000
我们的工作没有取得成效。
06:13
So I thought, "Well, if you can't go to the government, go to the military."
155
358000
3000
于是，我想：“既然不能向政府求助，那就去找军方。”
06:16
So I went to the military
156
361000
2000
我就去了军队，
06:18
and asked to borrow 300 radio stations.
157
363000
2000
向他们借300个广播电台。
06:20
They have more than the government,
158
365000
2000
他们拥有的电台比政府的多，
06:22
and they've got more guns than the government.
159
367000
2000
他们的枪也比政府的多。
06:24
So I asked them, could they help us
160
369000
2000
我问他们是否能帮我们
06:26
in our fight against HIV.
161
371000
2000
抗击艾滋病。
06:28
And after I gave them statistics,
162
373000
2000
我把数据资料给他们看。
06:30
they said, "Yes. Okay. You can use all the radio stations, television stations."
163
375000
3000
他们说：“好的。你可以用我们所有的电台和电视台。”
06:33
And that's when we went onto the airwaves.
164
378000
3000
就这样，我们可以在空中做宣传了。
06:36
And then we got a new prime minister soon after that.
165
381000
2000
在此之后，我们有了新一任总理。
06:38
And he said, "Mechai, could you come and join?"
166
383000
3000
他说：“Mechai，你愿意加入我们吗？”
06:41
He asked me in because he liked my wife a lot.
167
386000
2000
他邀请我加入是因为他很欣赏我夫人。
06:43
So I said, "Okay."
168
388000
2000
我说：“好的。”
06:45
He became the chairman of the National AIDS Committee
169
390000
2000
他成了国家艾滋病协会主席
06:47
and increased the budget fifty-fold.
170
392000
2000
并把预算提高到之前的五倍。
06:49
Every ministry, even judges, had to be involved in AIDS education --
171
394000
3000
每个部门的部长，甚至法官们，都必须接受艾滋病教育。
06:52
everyone -- and we said the public, institutions,
172
397000
3000
所有人。包括老百姓，各个机构，
06:55
religious institutions, schools --
173
400000
2000
宗教组织，学校 --
06:57
everyone was involved.
174
402000
2000
所有人都参与了。
06:59
And here, every media person
175
404000
2000
每个媒体工作者
07:01
had to be trained for HIV.
176
406000
2000
也必须接受艾滋病相关的培训。
07:03
And we gave every station half a minute extra
177
408000
3000
作为回报，我们让每个电台或电视台
07:06
for advertising to earn more money.
178
411000
3000
加播半分钟的广告来赚更多钱。
07:09
So they were happy with that.
179
414000
2000
他们对此很满意。
07:11
And then AIDS education in all schools,
180
416000
2000
所有学校都开展艾滋病教育，
07:13
starting from university.
181
418000
2000
首先从大学校园开始。
07:15
And these are high school kids teaching high school kids.
182
420000
3000
这些高中生正在教其他高中生。
07:18
And the best teachers were the girls, not the boys,
183
423000
2000
在教课方面，女生比男生强多了。
07:20
and they were terrific.
184
425000
2000
她们非常能干。
07:22
And these girls who go around teaching about safe sex and HIV
185
427000
3000
这些到各个校园宣传安全性知识和艾滋病预防的姑娘们
07:25
were known as Mother Theresa.
186
430000
3000
被亲切地称为“特蕾莎修女”。
07:28
And then we went down one more step.
187
433000
2000
接下来，我们进一步采取措施。
07:30
These are primary school kids -- third, fourth grade --
188
435000
2000
这些是小学生 -- 三四年级 --
07:32
going to every household in the village,
189
437000
2000
他们会挨家挨户走边整个村子，
07:34
every household in the whole of Thailand,
190
439000
2000
走边整个泰国，
07:36
giving AIDS information and a condom
191
441000
2000
宣传艾滋病知识，把安全套
07:38
to every household,
192
443000
2000
发放到每家每户。
07:40
given by these young kids.
193
445000
2000
让这些孩子来完成这些工作。
07:42
And no parents objected, because we were trying to save lives,
194
447000
3000
没有家长反对，因为这是在拯救生命，
07:45
and this was a lifesaver.
195
450000
3000
是捍卫生命的行动。
07:48
And we said, "Everyone needs to be involved."
196
453000
2000
我们呼吁：“所有人都行动起来。”
07:50
So you have the companies also realizing
197
455000
2000
各个公司都意识到
07:52
that sick staff don't work, and dead customers don't buy.
198
457000
2000
病了的员工不能工作；死了的顾客不能购买。
07:54
So they all trained.
199
459000
2000
他们都接受了培训。
07:56
And then we have this Captain Condom,
200
461000
2000
这位“安全套船长”
07:58
with his Harvard MBA,
201
463000
2000
凭着哈佛大学的MBA，
08:00
going to schools and night spots.
202
465000
2000
奔走于各个学校和夜店。
08:02
And they loved him. You need a symbol of something.
203
467000
3000
他很受欢迎。一个代言人是必要的。
08:05
In every country, every program, you need a symbol,
204
470000
3000
每个国家，每个政策，都需要一个形象代言人，
08:08
and this is probably the best thing he's ever done with his MBA.
205
473000
3000
这份工作应该算是他靠MBA混来的最美的差事了。
08:11
(Laughter)
206
476000
3000
(笑声)
08:14
And then we gave condoms out everywhere on the streets --
207
479000
2000
我们在大街上到处发放安全套 --
08:16
everywhere, everywhere.
208
481000
2000
走到哪儿，发到哪儿。
08:18
In taxis, you get condoms.
209
483000
2000
连出租车上都有安全套。
08:20
And also, in traffic,
210
485000
2000
另外，你在开车的时候，
08:22
the policemen give you condoms -- our "cops and rubbers" programs.
211
487000
3000
交警也会给你发安全套 -- 这是我们的“胶警”项目。
08:25
(Laughter)
212
490000
3000
（笑声）
08:28
So, can you imagine New York policemen giving out condoms?
213
493000
3000
大家能想像到纽约市交警给你发安全套吗？
08:31
Of course I can. And they'd enjoy it immensely;
214
496000
3000
我反正没问题。他们肯定会乐此不疲的。
08:34
I see them standing around right now, everywhere.
215
499000
2000
我能想像他们现在就站在街上，
08:36
Imagine if they had condoms,
216
501000
2000
手上拿着安全套，
08:38
giving out to all sorts of people.
217
503000
2000
分发给形形色色的路人。
08:40
And then, new change,
218
505000
2000
新产品来了，
08:42
we had hair bands, clothing
219
507000
2000
我们有（安全套做的）发带，服饰，
08:44
and the condom for your mobile phone
220
509000
2000
要是碰上雨季，我们给你的手机
08:46
during the rainy season.
221
511000
2000
也备上了安全套。
08:48
(Laughter)
222
513000
2000
（笑声）
08:50
And these were the condoms that we introduced.
223
515000
3000
这些是我们生产的安全套。
08:55
One says, "Weapon of mass protection."
224
520000
2000
这个上面写着：“大规模保护性武器”。
08:57
We found --
225
522000
2000
我们找到了，
08:59
you know -- somebody here was searching for the weapon of mass destruction,
226
524000
3000
某些人在搜寻大规模杀伤性武器，
09:02
but we have found the weapon of mass protection: the condom.
227
527000
3000
但是我们找到了大规模保护性武器 -- 安全套。
09:05
And then it says here, with the American flag,
228
530000
2000
这一个有星条旗图案的写着，
09:07
"Don't leave home without it."
229
532000
2000
“出门常备。”
09:09
But I have some to give out afterward.
230
534000
3000
我过后会把它们发给大家。
09:12
But let me warn you, these are Thai-sized,
231
537000
2000
但是，提醒你们一下，这些都是泰国人的尺寸，
09:14
so be very careful.
232
539000
2000
所以要慎用啊。
09:16
(Laughter)
233
541000
2000
（大笑）
09:18
And so you can see
234
543000
2000
你们看，
09:20
that condoms can do so many things.
235
545000
3000
安全套实在是神通广大。
09:23
Look at this --
236
548000
2000
大家看这里。
09:25
I gave this to Al Gore and to Bill Senior also.
237
550000
3000
我给了Al Gore和 Bill Senior一人一件。
09:28
Stop global warming; use condoms.
238
553000
3000
上面写着“阻止全球变暖；请使用安全套”。
09:32
And then this is the picture I mentioned to you --
239
557000
3000
这一件我刚才跟大家提过 --
09:35
the weapon of mass protection.
240
560000
3000
大规模保护性武器。
09:38
And let the next Olympics save some lives.
241
563000
3000
让下一届奥运会拯救更多生命。
09:41
Why just run around?
242
566000
2000
穿上它出去跑一圈吧！
09:43
(Laughter)
243
568000
3000
（大笑）
09:46
And then finally,
244
571000
2000
最后一件，
09:48
in Thailand we're Buddhist, we don't have a God,
245
573000
3000
在泰国，我们信佛，不信上帝，
09:51
so instead, we say, "In rubber we trust."
246
576000
2000
所以，我们的口号是：“我们信靠橡胶套”。
09:53
(Laughter)
247
578000
2000
（笑声）
09:55
So you can see that we added everything to our endeavor
248
580000
2000
大家可以看到，为了让人们过上更美好的生活，
09:57
to make life better for the people.
249
582000
2000
我们尽了一切努力。
09:59
We had condoms in all the refrigerators in the hotels and the schools,
250
584000
3000
所有宾馆和学校的冰箱里都保存着安全套，
10:02
because alcohol impairs judgment.
251
587000
2000
因为人们容易酒后乱性。
10:04
And then what happened?
252
589000
2000
结果是什么呢？
10:06
After all this time, everybody joined in.
253
591000
3000
结果，所有人都参与了进来。
10:09
According to the U.N.,
254
594000
1000
联合国的数据显示，
10:10
new cases of HIV
255
595000
2000
艾滋病的新增病例
10:12
declined by 90 percent,
256
597000
2000
降低了百分之九十。
10:14
and according to the World Bank,
257
599000
2000
世界银行的报告显示，
10:16
7.7 million lives were saved.
258
601000
2000
我们的行动拯救了770万人的生命。
10:18
Otherwise there wouldn't be many Thais walking around today.
259
603000
3000
否则，今天就看不到这么多泰国人在街上晃悠了。
10:21
So it just showed you, you could do something about it.
260
606000
3000
这是在告诉大家，你们也能尽一份力。
10:24
90 percent of the funding came from Thailand.
261
609000
2000
百分之九十的资金都来自泰国国内。
10:26
There was political commitment, some financial commitment,
262
611000
3000
有政治性的帮助，经济上的帮助，
10:29
and everybody joined in the fight.
263
614000
2000
每个人都各尽其责。
10:31
So just don't leave it to the specialists and doctors and nurses.
264
616000
3000
这不仅仅是专家，医生和护士的责任。
10:34
We all need to help.
265
619000
2000
我们都要出力。
10:36
And then we decided to help people out of poverty,
266
621000
2000
接着，我们决定帮助人们脱离贫困，
10:38
now that we got AIDS somewhat out of the way --
267
623000
2000
我们成功阻止了艾滋病的蔓延，
10:40
this time, not with government alone,
268
625000
2000
这一次，政府不再唱独角戏，
10:42
but in cooperation with the business community.
269
627000
3000
企业与政府开始联袂合作。
10:45
Because poor people are business people
270
630000
2000
穷人其实也可以是生意人，
10:47
who lack business skills and access to credit.
271
632000
3000
只不过他们缺少技能和资金。
10:50
Those are the things to be provided by the business community.
272
635000
3000
这些都必须由企业界提供。
10:53
We're trying to turn them into barefoot entrepreneurs,
273
638000
3000
我们帮助他们白手起家，
10:56
little business people.
274
641000
2000
做小本生意。
10:58
The only way out of poverty is through business enterprise.
275
643000
2000
致富的唯一出路是创业。
11:00
So, that was done.
276
645000
2000
我们成功了。
11:02
The money goes from the company into the village
277
647000
2000
资金引入到农村，
11:04
via tree-planting.
278
649000
2000
村民靠种树赚钱。
11:06
It's not a free gift.
279
651000
2000
这可不是天上掉馅饼。
11:08
They plant the trees, and the money goes into their microcredit fund,
280
653000
2000
他们种树所得的钱要转成小额信贷基金，
11:10
which we call the Village Development Bank.
281
655000
2000
这就是农村发展银行。
11:12
Everybody joins in,
282
657000
2000
大家都参与，
11:14
and they feel they own the bank,
283
659000
2000
他们感觉自己是银行的主人，
11:16
because they have brought the money in.
284
661000
2000
因为钱都是他们自己的。
11:18
And before you can borrow the money, you need to be trained.
285
663000
3000
贷款之前，你必须经过培训。
11:21
And we believe if you want to help the poor,
286
666000
2000
我们相信，如果你想帮助
11:23
those who are living in poverty,
287
668000
2000
现在还过着穷日子的人们，
11:25
access to credit must be a human right.
288
670000
3000
那么就应该向他们提供贷款。
11:28
Access to credit must be a human right.
289
673000
2000
贷款必须成为一项基本人权。
11:30
Otherwise they'll never get out of poverty.
290
675000
3000
否则，他们永远无法从贫困中走出来。
11:33
And then before getting a loan, you must be trained.
291
678000
2000
不过拿到贷款之前，你必须经过培训。
11:35
Here's what we call a "barefoot MBA,"
292
680000
2000
这个项目叫做“白手MBA”，
11:37
teaching people how to do business
293
682000
2000
教授如何经商
11:39
so that, when they borrow money, they'll succeed with the business.
294
684000
3000
这样，他们贷款以后才会成功赚钱。
11:42
These are some of the businesses:
295
687000
2000
这些是他们做的生意：
11:44
mushrooms, crabs, vegetables,
296
689000
3000
卖蘑菇，螃蟹，蔬菜，
11:47
trees, fruits,
297
692000
2000
树木，水果，
11:49
and this is very interesting -- Nike ice cream and Nike biscuits;
298
694000
3000
这个非常有意思 -- 耐克牌的冰淇淋和饼干。
11:52
this is a village sponsored by Nike.
299
697000
2000
这个村庄是由耐克公司赞助的。
11:54
They said, "They should stop making shoes and clothes.
300
699000
2000
他们说：“他们应该停止生产鞋子和服装。
11:56
Make these better, because we can afford them."
301
701000
3000
这些更赚钱，因为我们买得起。“
12:00
And then we have silk, Thai silk.
302
705000
2000
我们还有丝绸，泰国丝绸。
12:02
Now we're making Scottish tartans, as you can see on the left,
303
707000
3000
正如左边这张图，我们现在还生产苏格兰格子呢绒，
12:05
to sell to all people of Scottish ancestors.
304
710000
3000
然后卖给苏格兰后裔。
12:08
So anyone sitting in and watching TV,
305
713000
2000
在场或者电视机前的有意者，
12:10
get in touch with me.
306
715000
2000
可以跟我联系。
12:12
And then this is our answer to Starbucks in Thailand --
307
717000
3000
这是泰国的星巴克里的标语 --
12:15
"Coffee and Condoms."
308
720000
2000
"咖啡与安全套"。
12:17
See, Starbucks you awake, we keep you awake and alive.
309
722000
3000
星巴克咖啡让你保持清醒，而我们既让你保持清醒又让你充满活力。
12:20
That's the difference.
310
725000
2000
这可太不一样了。
12:22
Can you imagine, at every Starbucks
311
727000
2000
你能想像吗？你在每家星巴克
12:24
that you can also get condoms?
312
729000
2000
都可以买到安全套吗。
12:26
You can order your condoms with your with your cappuccino.
313
731000
3000
你还可以点一杯牛奶咖啡，顺便来几个安全套。
12:31
And then now, finally in education,
314
736000
2000
最后，在教育方面，
12:33
we want to change the school as being underutilized
315
738000
3000
我们想充分利用学校资源，
12:36
into a place where it's a lifelong learning center for everyone.
316
741000
4000
把它变成一个供人终生学习的场所
12:40
We call this our School-Based Integrated Rural Development.
317
745000
3000
这叫做校园农村综合发展项目。
12:43
And it's a center, a focal point
318
748000
2000
对于经济社会发展而言，
12:45
for economic and social development.
319
750000
2000
这是一个中心任务。
12:47
Re-do the school,
320
752000
2000
对学校进行改革，
12:49
make it serve the community needs.
321
754000
3000
让它为社区服务。
12:52
And here is a bamboo building --
322
757000
2000
这是一个竹制建筑，
12:54
all of them are bamboo.
323
759000
2000
所有建筑都是竹子做的。
12:56
This is a geodesic dome made of bamboo.
324
761000
3000
这是一个竹制网格穹顶。
12:59
And I'm sure Buckminster Fuller would be very, very proud
325
764000
3000
我想信Buckminster Fuller（美国著名建筑设计师）
13:02
to see a bamboo geodesic dome.
326
767000
3000
要是看到这个竹制穹顶，肯定非常骄傲。
13:05
And we use vegetables around the school ground,
327
770000
2000
我们把学校周围的土地用做菜地，
13:07
so they raise their own vegetables.
328
772000
2000
人们可以自己种菜。
13:09
And then, finally, I firmly believe,
329
774000
3000
最后，我深信，
13:12
if we want the MDGs to work --
330
777000
2000
如果我们希望实现MDG
13:14
the Millennium Development Goals --
331
779000
2000
也就是千年发展目标（Millennium Development Goals） --
13:16
we need to add family planning to it.
332
781000
2000
我们就需要把计划生育提上日程。
13:18
Of course, child mortality first and then family planning --
333
783000
3000
当然，先解决婴儿死亡率问题，接着实行计划生育。
13:21
everyone needs family planning service --
334
786000
2000
每个人都应该为计划生育尽一份力。
13:23
it's underutilized.
335
788000
2000
计划生育任重道远。
13:25
So we have now found the weapon of mass protection.
336
790000
2000
我们现在有了大规模保护性武器。
13:27
And we also ask the next Olympics
337
792000
2000
我们也请求下一届奥林匹克运动会
13:29
to be involved in saving lives.
338
794000
3000
能够参与拯救生命的伟业中。
13:32
And then, finally, that is our network.
339
797000
3000
最后，这是我们的官方网站。
13:35
And these are our Thai tulips.
340
800000
3000
这些是泰国“郁金香”。
13:38
(Laughter)
341
803000
2000
（笑声）
13:40
Thank you very much indeed.
342
805000
2000
非常感谢大家。
13:42
(Applause)
343
807000
2000
（热烈掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mechai Viravaidya - Public health expertSince 1974, Mechai Viravaidya has been creating and running innovative family planning and poverty reduction programs throughout Southeast Asia.
Why you should listen
Mechai Viravaidya is the founder and chair of the Population and Community Development Association (PDA). He's a widely acclaimed leader in the fields of public health, education and community development.
Since 1974, Mr. Mechai has initiated community-based family planning services, innovative poverty reduction and rural education programs, large-scale rural development and environmental programs, as well as groundbreaking HIV/AIDS prevention activities throughout Southeast Asia.
Mechai Viravaidya | Speaker | TED.com