TEDxSanMigueldeAllende
Emiliano Salinas: A civil response to violence
艾米利亞路•薩利納斯: 一個面對暴力的文明應對
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這個TEDxSanMigueldeAllende充滿激情的談話已經在墨西哥引起了轟動，艾米利亞路•薩利納斯--前總統卡洛斯•薩利納斯•狄哥他利的兒子，面對現在墨西哥內的暴力氣氛 -- 或者說，墨西哥社會對暴力的回應方式。他呼籲一般社會大眾停止否認、擺脫恐懼，並朝著和平、以社區為基礎的行動的方向邁進。這是在TED.com上的第一個非英語演講。
Emiliano Salinas - Community activist
Emiliano Salinas, the son of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari, is helping communities throughout Mexico organize and peacefully respond to escalating violence. Full bio
Emiliano Salinas, the son of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari, is helping communities throughout Mexico organize and peacefully respond to escalating violence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
My name is Emiliano Salinas
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我的名字是艾米利亞路•薩利納斯,
00:18
and I'm going to talk about the role
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而我要談談的是現今
00:22
we members of society play
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我們身為社會一份子
00:24
in the violent atmosphere
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在現今社會暴力氣氛中所扮演的
00:25
this country is living in right now.
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角色。
00:29
I was born in 1976.
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我出生於1976年。
00:32
I grew up in a traditional Mexican family.
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我生長在一個傳統的墨西哥家庭。
00:35
As a child, I had a pretty normal life:
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作為一個孩子，我有一個非常普通的生活：
00:37
I would go to school, play with my friends and cousins.
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我去上學，與我的朋友和表親玩耍。
00:41
But then my father became President of Mexico
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但後來我的父親成為墨西哥總統後
00:43
and my life changed.
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我的生活便改變了。
00:47
What I'm about to say,
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我接下來要說的，
00:49
at least some of what I'm about to say,
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或我將要說的內容，至少有一部分
00:51
will cause controversy.
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會引起爭議。
00:53
Firstly, because I'm the one who's going to say it.
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首先是因為說這些話的人是我這個人
00:56
And secondly, because what I'm going to say is true,
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其次，因為我要說的都是真的，
00:59
and it will make a lot of people nervous
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它會讓很多人感到緊張，
01:01
because it's something we don't want to hear.
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因為它不是我們所希望聽到的。
01:03
But it's imperative that we listen
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但那是我們都必須要去聽的
01:05
because it's undeniable and definitive.
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因為它是無可否認的和非常明確的。
01:08
It will also make members of
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它還將使犯罪組織的成員
01:09
criminal organizations nervous
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因為相同原因
01:11
for the same reasons.
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而感到緊張。
01:13
I'm going to talk about the role
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我要談的是
01:16
we members of society play
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我們這些社會成員在這個現象裡
01:18
in this phenomenon,
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所扮演的角色
01:20
and about four different response levels
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以及關於我們公民對於對抗暴力
01:21
we citizens have against violence.
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所顯現出的四種不同回應層級。
01:26
I know many will find it difficult to separate the fact
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我知道很多人會覺得這是難以分開的
01:28
that I'm Carlos Salinas de Gortari's son
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我既是卡洛斯•薩利納斯•狄哥他利的兒子
01:30
from the fact that I'm a citizen
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同時也是一個關心
01:32
concerned about the country's current situation.
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國家現狀的公民的事實。
01:33
Don't worry.
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不要擔心。
01:35
It's not necessary for understanding
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這點對於了解
01:37
the importance of what I'm going to say.
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我所要說的話的重要性，沒有影響
01:40
I think we have a problem in Mexico.
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我認為我們在墨西哥有一個問題。
01:42
We have a big problem.
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我們有一個很大的問題。
01:43
I think there's consensus on this.
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我認為我們對此有是共識的。
01:45
No one argues --
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沒有人會爭論 --
01:46
we all agree there's a problem.
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我們都同意有一個問題存在。
01:47
What we don't agree on
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我們不同意的是，
01:49
is what the problem actually is.
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真正的問題是什麼
01:52
Is it the Zetas? The drug traffickers? The government?
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是齊塔人卡特爾組織?是毒販?是政府？
01:57
Corruption? Poverty? Or is it something else?
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是腐敗？是貧困？抑或是別的什麼？
02:01
I think none of these is the problem.
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我覺得這些都不是問題。
02:03
I don't mean they don't deserve attention.
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我不是說它們不值得關注。
02:06
But we won't be able to take care of any of those things
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但如果我們不解決墨西哥現有的實際問題
02:08
if we don't solve the real problem
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我們是不能照顧
02:10
we have in Mexico first.
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所有這些其它事情。
02:12
The real problem we have is
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真正的問題是，
02:13
most of us Mexicans, we believe we are victims
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我們大多數墨西哥人都相信我們
02:16
of our circumstances.
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是我們所處環境的受害者。
02:18
We are a country of victims.
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我們整個國家都是受害者。
02:20
Historically, we've always acted as victims
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從歷史上看，我們一直扮演
02:23
of something or somebody.
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某東西或某人的受害者。
02:25
We were victims of the Spaniards.
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我們是西班牙人的受害者。
02:27
Then we were victims of the French.
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然後，我們是法國人的受害者。
02:29
Then we were victims of Don Porfirio.
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然後，我們是波费里奥(前墨西哥總統)的受害者。
02:32
Then we were victims of the PRI.
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然後，我們是革命制度黨的受害者。
02:34
Even of Salinas.
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薩利納斯亦如是。
02:36
And of El Peje.
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奧巴多(前政治家)亦如是。
02:38
And now of the Zetas and the traffickers and the criminals and the kidnappers ...
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現在便是的齊塔人卡特爾組織和販運者和罪犯和綁匪...
02:41
Hold on! Wait a minute!
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等一等！
02:43
What if none of these things is the problem?
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如果這些東西都不是問題所在呢？
02:47
The problem is not the things we feel victims of.
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問題不在於我們覺得自己是什麼的受害者。
02:50
The problem is that we play the role of victims.
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問題是我們扮演著受害者的角色。
02:54
We need to open our eyes and see that we are not victims.
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我們需要睜開眼睛，看到我們不是受害者。
02:58
If only we stopped feeling like victims,
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假如我們停止感覺得自己像個受害者，
03:00
if we stopped acting as victims,
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假如我們停止扮演受害者，
03:01
our country would change so much!
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我們國家將會改變很多！
03:05
I'm going to talk about how to go from a society
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我要談談如何從一個
03:08
that acts as a victim of circumstances
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作為扮演受害者的社會,
03:10
to a responsible, involved society
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改變成一個有責任感和參與感的社會，
03:13
that takes the future of its country in its own hands.
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將國家的未來掌握在自己手中。
03:16
I'm going to talk about four different levels
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我要談談四個關於對抗暴力
03:19
of civil response against violence,
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四種不同的回應層級
03:21
from weakest
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從最弱
03:23
to strongest.
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到最強。
03:25
The first level, the weakest level of civil response against violence,
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關於人民對抗暴力的反應，第一級，最低級的
03:28
is denial and apathy.
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是否認和無視
03:31
Today, much of Mexican society is in denial
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如今，大部分的墨西哥社會都拒絕
03:33
of the situation we're going through.
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承認我們正在經歷的現況
03:36
We want to go on with our daily life
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我們希望繼續我們的日常生活，
03:39
even though we are not living under normal circumstances.
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即使我們不是生活在正常情況下。
03:41
Daily life in our country is,
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在我們的國家日常生活，
03:44
to say the least,
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至少可以說，
03:47
under extraordinary, exceptional circumstances.
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是在非常態，特殊的情況下進行。
03:49
It's like someone who has a serious illness
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這就像某人有嚴重的疾病，
03:53
and pretends it's the flu
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卻假裝它只是流感
03:55
and it will just go away.
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會自動消失。
03:57
We want to pretend that Mexico has the flu.
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我們想假裝墨西哥只是有流感。
04:00
But it doesn't.
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但事實並非如此。
04:02
Mexico has cancer.
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墨西哥有癌症。
04:04
And if we don't do something about it,
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如果我們採取行動
04:07
the cancer will end up killing it.
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癌症最終將會要它的命。
04:10
We need to move Mexican society
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我們需要將墨西哥社會
04:12
from denial and apathy
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從否認和冷漠
04:14
to the next level of citizen response,
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到另一個層次的人民反應層級，
04:17
which is, effectively, recognition.
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換言之，那就是承認。
04:20
And that recognition will sow fear --
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而這個承認將會引發恐懼 --
04:24
recognizing the seriousness of the situation.
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直至我們承認整個局勢的嚴重性。
04:27
But, fear is better than apathy
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但是，恐懼比冷漠較好，
04:30
because fear makes us do something.
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因為恐懼會讓我們有所行動。
04:34
Many people in Mexico
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如今很多墨西哥人
04:37
are afraid today.
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都感到害怕
04:39
We're very afraid.
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我們很害怕。
04:40
And we're acting out of that fear.
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我們的行動出於恐懼。
04:43
And let me tell you what the problem is
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讓我告訴你行動出於恐懼
04:44
with acting out of fear --
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帶有什麼問題--
04:46
and this is the second level of civil response:
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這是第二層次的人民反應：
04:48
fear.
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恐懼。
04:50
Let's think about Mexican streets:
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讓我們想想墨西哥的街道：
04:52
they're unsafe because of violence,
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它們因為充滿暴力而不安全，
04:56
so people stay at home.
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因此人們都待在家裡。
04:58
Does that make streets more or less safe?
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這是否讓街道更安全或更不安全呢？
05:03
Less safe!
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當然更不安全!
05:04
So streets become more desolate and unsafe,
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街道因此變得更荒涼和不安全，
05:05
so we stay home more --
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因此我們更加待在家裡。
05:07
which makes streets even more desolate and unsafe,
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街道因此變得更加冷清和不安全，
05:09
and we stay home even more.
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我們因此更是待在家裡。
05:11
This vicious circle ends up with the whole population
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這種惡性循環最終讓整個人口
05:13
stuck inside their houses, scared to death --
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困在家裡，嚴重地活於恐懼--
05:15
even more afraid than when we were out on the streets.
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比當我們在街上走更為嚴重
05:18
We need to confront this fear.
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我們需要面對這種恐懼。
05:20
We need to move Mexican society,
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我們需要推動墨西哥社會中，
05:23
the members of society who are at this level,
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活在這個層級的社會成員們，
05:25
to the next level, which is action.
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到下一個層次，也就是行動。
05:28
We need to face our fears and take back our streets,
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我們必須面對我們的恐懼，收回我們的街道，
05:32
our cities, our neighborhoods.
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我們的城市，我們的社區。
05:34
For many people, acting involves courage.
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對於很多人來說，行動引發憤怒
05:41
We go from fear to courage.
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我們從恐懼去到憤怒。
05:43
They say, "I can't take it anymore.
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他們說，「我不能再忍受了。
05:45
Let's do something about it."
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讓我們做一些事情吧。」
05:48
Recently --
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最近 --
05:50
this is a sensitive figure --
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這是一個敏感的數據 --
05:53
35 public lynchings have been recorded
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在墨西哥在2010年到目前為止，
05:57
so far in 2010
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已記錄了
05:58
in Mexico.
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35項公眾私刑。
06:02
Usually it's one or two a year.
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通常一年只發生一、兩次。
06:06
Now we're experiencing one every week.
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現在，我們每週都發生一次。
06:08
This shows that society is desperate
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這表明社會開始絕望，
06:11
and it's taking the law into its own hands.
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並且想要將自己動手執行法治
06:15
Unfortunately, violent action --
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不幸的是，暴力行動 --
06:17
though action is better than no action --
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雖然行動總比沒有行動好 --
06:20
but taking part in it
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但參與其中
06:23
only disguises violence.
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只是掩飾暴力行為。
06:26
If I'm violent with you
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如果我對你施暴
06:28
and you respond with violence,
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而你則以暴力作回應，
06:30
you become part of the violence
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你便成為暴力的一部分
06:32
and you just disguise my violence.
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而你只是掩飾我的暴力。
06:36
So civil action
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因此，人民行動
06:39
is vital,
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是至關重要，
06:40
but it's also vital to take people
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但更至關重要的是
06:42
who are at the level of courage
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要將在憤怒
06:45
and violent action
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和暴力層次的人
06:46
to the next level,
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引導到一個新的層次,
06:48
which is non-violent action.
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這便是非暴力行動。
06:50
It's pacific, coordinated civil action,
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這是和平的，協調的人民行動
06:53
which doesn't mean passive action.
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但這並不是意味著被動式行動。
06:55
It means it's determined and effective,
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這表示它的堅決和有效性，
06:58
but not violent.
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但不是暴力的
07:00
There are examples of this kind of action in Mexico.
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在墨西哥是有這樣的例子。
07:03
Two years ago, in Galena City, Chihuahua,
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兩年前，在奇瓦瓦州加里安娜市,
07:08
a member of the community was kidnapped,
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有一名當地社區的成員被綁架，
07:09
Eric Le Barón.
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埃里克•利比朗。
07:11
His brothers, Benjamín and Julián,
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他的兄弟，本傑明和朱利安，
07:13
got together with the rest of the community
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與其餘社區的成員聚在一起，
07:15
to think of the best course of action:
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思考最好的行動方針：
07:17
to pay the ransom,
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是支付贖金，
07:19
to take up arms and go after the kidnappers
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是拿起武器並去追獵綁匪
07:24
or to ask the government for help.
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還是要求政府幫助。
07:26
In the end, Benjamín and Julián decided
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最後，本傑明和朱利安決定
07:28
the best thing they could do
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最好的辦法是，
07:30
was to organize the community and act together.
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便是組織社區共同行動。
07:33
So what did they do?
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他們做了什麼？
07:35
They mobilized the whole community of Le Barón
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他們出動利比朗全社區的成員
07:37
to go to Chihuahua,
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到奇瓦瓦，
07:40
where they organized a sit-in
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在那裡，他們組織了一場靜坐
07:42
in the central park of the city.
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在城市的中央公園中。
07:45
They sent a message to the kidnappers:
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他們向綁匪釋出一道訊息：
07:47
"If you want your ransom come and get it.
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「如果你希望得到贖金，你就來拿。
07:50
We'll be waiting for you right here."
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我們將在這裡等著你。」
07:52
They stayed there.
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他們在那裡坐著。
07:54
Seven days later, Eric was set free
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七天後，埃里克被釋放，
07:57
and was able to return home.
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並能夠返回家園。
07:59
This is an example of what an organized society can do,
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這是一個有組織社會能做到的例子,
08:02
a society that acts.
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一個有行動力的社會。
08:05
Of course, criminals can respond.
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當然，罪犯可以作出回應。
08:07
And in this case, they did.
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而在這種情況下，他們的確有
08:09
On July 7th, 2009,
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在2009年7月7日，
08:12
Benjamín Le Barón was murdered.
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埃里克•利比朗被謀殺。
08:15
But Julián Le Barón keeps working
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但他的兄弟朱利安不斷地努力
08:18
and he has been mobilizing communities in Chihuahua
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和一直在奇瓦瓦州的社區
08:20
for over a year.
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動員了一年多。
08:22
And for over a year he has known that a price has been put on his head.
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而他亦知道這一年多以來，已有人出價要取他的人頭。
08:25
But he keeps fighting.
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但他一直在對抗。
08:27
He keeps organizing.
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他一直在組織。
08:28
He keeps mobilizing.
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他一直在發動人群
08:30
These heroic acts are present all over the country.
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全國各地都有這些英雄行為。
08:33
With a thousand Juliáns working together,
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倘若有一千名朱利安一起行動，
08:35
Mexico would be a very different country.
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墨西哥將會是一個非常不同的國家。
08:37
And they're out there!
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而確實有這些英雄！
08:39
They just have to raise their hands.
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他們只需要舉舉手。
08:43
I was born in Mexico, I grew up in Mexico
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我出生於墨西哥，我生長於墨西哥
08:49
and along the way, I learned to love Mexico.
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而在這過程中，我學會了愛墨西哥。
08:54
I think anyone who has stepped foot on this land --
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我認為任何人曾經踏上過這片土地 --
08:58
not to mention all Mexican people --
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更何況所有的墨西哥人民 --
09:00
will agree that it's not difficult
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都會同意，愛上墨西哥
09:02
to love Mexico.
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實在不難。
09:05
I've traveled a lot
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我去過很多地方旅遊，
09:08
and nowhere else have I found the passion Mexicans have.
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我發現沒有其他任何地方有墨西哥人的熱情。
09:13
That devotion we feel
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我們對國家足球隊
09:15
for the national football team.
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的擁戴。
09:17
That devotion we show
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我們對幫助災害
09:19
in helping victims of disasters,
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災民的的奉獻，
09:21
such as the earthquake in 1985
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如在1985年的地震
09:23
or this year's floods.
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或是今年的洪澇災害。
09:26
The passion with which we've been singing the national anthem
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那種在我們自幼便有
09:31
since we were kids.
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唱國歌的激情。
09:33
When we thought Masiosare
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當我們認為 "Masiosare" (國歌歌詞)
09:34
was the strange enemy,
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是個陌生的敵人，
09:37
and we sang, with a childlike heart,
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我們用稚氣的心唱，
09:40
"a soldier in each son."
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「每一個小孩都是士兵。”」
09:45
I think the biggest insult,
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我認為最大的侮辱，
09:47
the worst way you can offend a Mexican
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得罪墨西哥人最壞的方式，
09:49
is to insult their mother.
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便是侮辱他們的母親。
09:51
A mother is the most sacred thing in life.
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母親是最在生活中神聖的東西。
09:55
Mexico is our mother and today she cries out for her children.
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墨西哥便是我們的母親，今天她哭了和需要她的孩子。
09:58
We are going through the darkest moment
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我們正在經歷近代歷史
10:01
in our recent history.
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最最黑暗的時刻在我們。
10:03
Our mother, Mexico, is being violated before our very eyes.
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墨西哥，我們的母親，在我們的眼前遭到踐踏
10:07
What are we going to do?
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那我們該怎麼辦？
10:10
Masiosare, the strange enemy, is here.
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"Masiosare"，那陌生的敵人，就在這裡。
10:13
Where is the soldier in each son?
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哪裡每一個小孩都是士兵？
10:17
Mahatma Gandhi,
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聖雄•甘地，
10:19
one of the greatest civil fighters of all time, said,
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一個歷史上最偉大的民眾鬥士，說：
10:23
"Be the change you wish to see in the world."
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「成為那個你想希望在這世界上看到的改變」。
10:27
Today in Mexico we're asking for Gandhis.
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如今，在墨西哥我們要求甘地。
10:30
We need Ghandis.
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我們要像甘地的人站出來。
10:33
We need men and women who love Mexico
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我們需要所有愛護墨西哥
10:36
and who are willing to take action.
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和願意採取行動的男男女女
10:39
This is a call for every true Mexican
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這是呼籲每一個真正的墨西哥人
10:44
to join this initiative.
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加入這一個倡議。
10:46
This is a call
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這是一個呼籲,
10:47
so that every single thing we love about Mexico --
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讓我們的愛墨西哥的每一件事情--
10:50
the festivals, the markets,
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節日慶典，市場，
10:52
the restaurants, the cantinas,
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餐館, Cantinas (音樂形式),
10:54
the tequila, the mariachis, the serenades,
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龍舌蘭酒, Marachis (愛墨西哥的一種音樂家), 小夜曲，
10:57
the posadas, El Grito, the Day of the Dead,
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Posadas, El Grito (墨西哥節慶),亡靈節,
11:01
San Miguel, the joy, the passion for life,
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聖米格爾節, 喜悅，對生命的熱情，
11:05
the fight and everything it means to be Mexican --
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那些奮鬥，以及所有身為一位墨西哥人所代表的意義--
11:09
doesn't disappear from this world.
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不會從這個世界消失。
11:13
We're facing a very powerful opponent.
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我們面臨一個非常強大的對手。
11:16
But we are many more.
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但我們陣仗很大
11:19
They can take a man's life.
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他們可以取走一個人的性命
11:21
Anyone can kill me,
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任何人都可以殺我，
11:23
or you, or you.
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抑或你，或你。
11:25
But no one can kill
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但沒有人能殺死
11:27
the spirit of true Mexicans.
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真正墨西哥人的精神。
11:30
The battle is won,
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戰鬥是贏了，
11:32
but we still have to fight it.
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但我們仍然要奮鬥下去
11:35
2000 years ago, the Roman poet Juvenal
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2000年前，古羅馬詩人尤維納利說了一句
11:40
said something that today echoes
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在今天每一個真正墨西哥人
11:43
in the heart of every true Mexican.
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的心裡都有迴響的話。
11:46
He said, "Count it the greatest sin
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他說，「最大的罪惡應該算是
11:51
to prefer life to honor,
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捨棄尊嚴選擇活著，
11:56
and for the sake of living
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並且為了活著
12:00
to lose what makes life worth living."
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而失去讓活著有意義的事物。」
12:04
Thank you.
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謝謝。
12:05
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Emiliano Salinas - Community activistEmiliano Salinas, the son of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari, is helping communities throughout Mexico organize and peacefully respond to escalating violence.
Why you should listen
Emiliano Salinas is the vice president of Prorsus Capital, an investment fund that promotes ethical and innovative projects in Mexico. He's general coordinator of Movimiento Inlak'ech por la Paz, A.C. (Inlak'ech Peace Movement), a civil initiative, founded by scientist and humanist Keith Raniere, that seeks to restore peace in Mexico by strengthening its society to transform violence with compassion.
Emiliano Salinas | Speaker | TED.com