Matt Walker: Sleep is your superpower
ماثيو ووكر: النّوم هو قوّتك الخارقة
Matt Walker is a brain scientist trying to understand why we sleep. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
to start with testicles.
than those who sleep seven hours or more.
الّذين ينامون سبع ساعات أو أكثر.
just four to five hours a night
عادةً بين الأربع والخمس ساعات فقط في الليل
10 years their senior.
will age a man by a decade
عشر سنواتٍ
aspect of wellness.
in female reproductive health
لدى الأنثى
that I have for you today.
إليكم اليوم.
about the wonderfully good things
that happen when you don't get enough,
عندما لا تحصل على نوم كافٍ،
over the past 10 or so years
أو نحو ذلك
on those new memories
that you also need sleep before learning
إلى النّوم قبل التّعلّم أيضًا
new information.
the memory circuits of the brain
فإن ممرّات الذّاكرة في الدّماغ
waterlogged, as it were,
to test the hypothesis
was a good idea.
هي فكرة جيّدة.
to one of two experimental groups:
and a sleep deprivation group.
a full eight hours of slumber,
من النّوم،
we're going to keep them awake
الحرمان من النوم مستيقظة
so it's miserable for everyone involved.
لذا فالأمر تعيس لكلّ المشاركين.
inside an MRI scanner
التصوير بالرّنين المغناطيسي
try and learn a whole list of new facts
بمعلومات جديدة
of brain activity.
لنشاط الدّماغ.
that learning has been.
here on the vertical axis.
على المحور الرأسي.
those two groups head to head,
وجهًا لوجه،
40-percent deficit
بدون نوم.
to make new memories without sleep.
is happening to sleep
in a child acing an exam
في اختبار
what goes wrong within your brain
داخل دماغك
of learning disabilities.
من صعوبات التّعلّم.
of your brain, called the hippocampus.
تدعى بالحُصيْن.
inbox of your brain.
new memory files
ذاكرة جديدة.
a full night of sleep,
على ساعات كاملة من النّوم،
learning-related activity.
المتعلّقة بالتّعلم.
who were sleep-deprived,
محرومين من النّوم،
any significant signal whatsoever.
إشارة مهمّة على الإطلاق.
had shut down your memory inbox,
من النوم قد أغلق صندوق المعلومات الخاص بك،
they were just being bounced.
commit new experiences to memory.
بشكل فعّال.
if I were to take sleep away from you,
إذا حرمتك من النوم،
to that control group for a second.
الثّابتة لثانية واحدة.
that got a full eight hours of sleep?
على ثماني ساعات كاملة من النّوم؟
a very different question:
quality of your sleep
your memory and learning ability
على التّعلّم
all over the head,
في جميع أنحاء الرَّأس،
is that there are big, powerful brainwaves
هو أنَّ هناك موجات دماغيّة كبيرة وقويّة
the very deepest stages of sleep
of electrical activity
of these deep-sleep brainwaves
النّوم العميق
mechanism at night,
في اللّيل،
vulnerable reservoir
وقصير الأمد
storage site within the brain,
داخل الدّماغ،
making them safe.
these memory benefits,
and societal implications.
out into, clinically,
and dementia.
that, as we get older,
في السن،
بالتّلاشي والتّراجع.
begin to fade and decline.
is that your sleep gets worse,
هي أنّ النّوم يصبح أسوأ،
that I was just discussing.
الذي كنت أناقشه للتوّ.
we finally published evidence
they're not simply co-occurring,
that the disruption of deep sleep
أو تدهور الذّاكرة،
to cognitive decline or memory decline
we've discovered,
depressing news.
silver lining here.
that we know are associated with aging,
المرتبطة بالشيخوخة،
in the physical structure of the brain,
in the explanatory puzzle
في اللغز التّوضيحي
to do something about it.
approaching this at my sleep center
في مركز النوم الخاص بي،
sleeping pills, by the way.
that do not produce naturalistic sleep.
إلى نوم عميق.
تعتمد على التّالي:
a method based on this.
brain stimulation.
التحفيز الدماغي الكهربائي بالتيار المستمر.
of voltage into the brain,
من الجهد الكهربي إلى المخ،
during sleep in young, healthy adults,
لدى البالغين الأصحاء
with those deep-sleep brainwaves,
مع تلك الموجات الدّماغية للنوم العميق،
the size of those deep-sleep brainwaves,
الدماغية للنوم العميق،
مقدار الاستفادة من الذاكرة
double the amount of memory benefit
is whether we can translate
بإمكاننا نقل
potentially portable piece of technology
some healthy quality of deep sleep,
النّوم العميق الصّحي،
aspects of their learning
جوانب التّعلّم
goals, as it were.
of sleep for your brain,
as essential for your body.
والجهاز التناسلي،
and your reproductive system.
والجهاز القلبي الوعائي،
and your cardiovascular system,
performed on 1.6 billion people
على 1,6 بليون إنسان
when we lose one hour of sleep,
in heart attacks that following day.
في اليوم التالي.
when we gain an hour of sleep,
reduction in heart attacks.
for car crashes, road traffic accidents,
وحوادث المرور،
I want to focus on this:
أريد التّركيز على:
الزّرقاء الجميلة في الصورة.
blue elements in the image.
تقريبًا مثل عملاء الخدمة السريّة
almost like the secret service agents
dangerous, unwanted elements
وغير المرغوب بها
is destroying a cancerous tumor mass.
تدمير ورم سرطاني.
is a virile set of these immune assassins
من هؤلاء القَتَلة
if you're not sleeping enough.
بشكل كافٍ.
deprived for an entire night,
restricted to four hours
إلى أربع ساعات
what's the percent reduction
in natural killer cell activity.
في نشاط الخلايا القاتلة الطبيعية.
of immune deficiency,
why we're now finding
short sleep duration
of numerous forms of cancer.
عديدة من السرطان.
cancer of the bowel,
and cancer of the breast.
والسرطان قويٌّ جدًّا
and cancer is now so strong
of nighttime shift work
of your sleep-wake rhythms.
across millions of individuals.
ملايين الأفراد.
the shorter your life.
for the development of cancer
that a lack of sleep will even erode
they took a group of healthy adults
من البالغين الأصحاء
to six hours of sleep a night
in their gene activity profile
of sleep a night.
711 جين كبير ومهم،
was that about half of those genes
by a lack of sleep
نقص النوم
with your immune system,
that immune deficiency.
بشكل أكبر
that were actually upregulated
with the promotion of tumors,
طويل الأمد داخل الجسم،
chronic inflammation within the body,
cardiovascular disease.
لنقص النوم
of sleep deprivation
water pipe in your home.
في منزلك.
into every nook and cranny
the very DNA nucleic alphabet
للحمض النووي
your daily health narrative.
how do I start to get better sleep?
the damaging and harmful impact
with sleep at night,
wake up at the same time,
it's the weekday or the weekend.
and the quality of that sleep.
its core temperature
Fahrenheit to initiate sleep
من أجل الشروع في النوم
you will always find it easier
of around 65 degrees,
for the sleep of most people.
in taking a step back, then,
statement here?
is not an optional lifestyle luxury.
biological necessity.
best effort yet at immortality.
throughout industrialized nations
on our health, our wellness,
of our children.
public health challenges
نطالب بحقنا
to reclaim our right
with the most powerful elixir of life,
مع أقوى إكسير للخلود،
of health, as it were.
ابق مكانك لثانية واحدة.
Stay there for a second.
أنا أقدر ذلك.
I appreciate that.
DB: Yes, thank you, thank you.
دافيد: نعم، شكرًا، شكرًا.
what are we supposed to do?
ما فاتنا من نوم، ماذا ينبغي علينا فعله؟
tossing and turning in bed late at night
في الليل
we can't catch up on sleep.
ما فاتنا من نوم،
at a later point in time.
that it's so catastrophic
ذلك كارثيًّا
deteriorates so quickly,
are the only species
themselves of sleep
الطبيعة الأم
because it means that Mother Nature,
of this thing called sleep deprivation.
بالحرمان من النوم.
both within the brain and the body.
وجسمك على السّواء.
awake for too long,
مستيقظًا،
and go to a different room
لغرفة أخرى
will very quickly associate your bedroom
the association that you once had,
التي كانت لديك،
waiting to get hungry,
أن تجوع،
waiting to get sleepy?
أن تنعس؟
شكرًا جزيلًا لك.
Thank you very much.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Matt Walker - Sleep scientist, professor, authorMatt Walker is a brain scientist trying to understand why we sleep.
Why you should listen
Matt Walker's research examines the impact of sleep on human health and disease. He got his PhD from the Medical Research Council in London, UK, and subsequently became a Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. He's currently a Professor of Neuroscience and Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, and Director of the Center for Human Sleep Science.
Walker has received funding awards from the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health, and he's a Kavli Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences. He has shared his research on the importance of sleep on television and radio outlets including CBS's "60 Minutes," National Geographic, NOVA Science, NRP and the BBC. He is the author of the international bestseller Why We Sleep.
Matt Walker | Speaker | TED.com