TEDxStanford
Marily Oppezzo: Want to be more creative? Go for a walk
Marily Oppezzo: Želite li biti kreativniji? Otiđite u šetnju.
Filmed:
Readability: 2.7
3,727,050 views
Kada je u pitanju potraga za novim idejama, svako od nas je nekad zaglavio. Međutim, prema istraživanju koje je sprovela stručnjakinja za bihevioristički pristup, Marily Oppezzo, odlazak u šetnju je nekad sve što vam je potrebno za pokretanje lavine ideja. Kroz ovaj zabavni i kratki govor, ona objašnjava kako vam šetnja može pomoći u vašoj potrazi za idejama.
Marily Oppezzo - Behavioral and learning scientist
Marily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind. Full bio
Marily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
The creative process -- you know this --
0
1396
2176
Stvaralački proces, kao što znate,
00:15
from the first idea to the final product,
1
3596
2211
od početne ideje do finalnog produkta,
00:17
is a long process.
2
5831
1793
je dugačak proces.
00:19
It's super-iterative, lots of refinement,
3
7648
2739
Traži mnogo obnavljanja, usavršavanja,
00:22
blood, sweat, tears and years.
4
10411
2073
krvi, znoja, suza i godina.
00:24
And we're not saying
you're going to go out for a walk
you're going to go out for a walk
5
12508
2559
Ne kažemo da ćete se
iz šetnje vratiti
iz šetnje vratiti
00:27
and come back with the Sistine Chapel
in your left hand.
in your left hand.
6
15091
2691
sa Sikstinskom kapelom
u lijevoj ruci.
u lijevoj ruci.
00:29
So what frame of the creative
process did we focus on?
process did we focus on?
7
17806
2688
Pa na koji dio stvaralačkog procesa se
ovdje fokusiramo?
ovdje fokusiramo?
00:32
Just this first part.
8
20518
1466
Samo prvi dio.
00:34
Just brainstorming,
coming up with a new idea.
coming up with a new idea.
9
22008
2569
Samo način na koji dolazimo do
svih tih ideja.
svih tih ideja.
00:38
We actually ran four studies
with a variety of people.
with a variety of people.
10
26178
3806
Stoga smo pokrenuli četiri studije
sa različitim ljudima.
sa različitim ljudima.
00:42
You were either walking
indoors or outdoors.
indoors or outdoors.
11
30008
2418
Neki su šetali na otvorenom
a neki na zatvorenom.
a neki na zatvorenom.
00:44
And all of these studies
found the same conclusion.
found the same conclusion.
12
32450
3588
I svaka studija je došla do istog
zaključka.
zaključka.
00:48
I'm only going to tell you
about one of them today.
about one of them today.
13
36062
2654
Ali danas ću da objasnim
samo jednu od njih.
samo jednu od njih.
00:51
One of the tests we used for creativity
was alternate uses.
was alternate uses.
14
39156
4165
Jedan od načina na koji smo testirali
kreativnost bila je višestruka upotreba.
kreativnost bila je višestruka upotreba.
00:55
In this test, you have four minutes.
15
43345
1735
Za ovaj test imate četiri minute.
00:57
Your job is to come up with as many other
ways to use common everyday objects
ways to use common everyday objects
16
45104
3877
Vaš zadatak je da se sjetite što je moguće
više različitih upotreba
više različitih upotreba
01:01
as you can think of.
17
49005
1211
svakodnevnih predmeta.
01:02
So, for example,
what else would you do with a key,
what else would you do with a key,
18
50240
2912
Na primjer, za što još možemo
koristiti ključeve
koristiti ključeve
01:05
other than to use it
for opening up a lock?
for opening up a lock?
19
53176
2417
osim za otključavanje brava?
01:08
Clearly, you could use it
as a third eyeball for a giraffe, right?
as a third eyeball for a giraffe, right?
20
56238
3988
Izgleda da ga možete koristiti
i kao treće oko za žirafu, zar ne?
i kao treće oko za žirafu, zar ne?
01:12
Maybe. That's sort of interesting,
kind of new. But is it creative?
kind of new. But is it creative?
21
60839
4488
Možda. To je zanimljiv odgovor,
neuobičajen. Međutim, da li je kreativan?
neuobičajen. Međutim, da li je kreativan?
01:17
So people came up with
as many ideas as they could,
as many ideas as they could,
22
65765
2687
Znači, učesnici mogu da se
sjete bilo čega,
sjete bilo čega,
01:20
and we had to decide:
23
68476
1165
a mi ćemo odlučiti
01:21
Is this creative or not?
24
69665
1600
da li je to kreativno ili nije.
01:24
The definition of creativity
that a lot of people go with
that a lot of people go with
25
72849
2874
Većina ljudi se slaže da
se kreativnost može definirati
se kreativnost može definirati
01:27
is "appropriate novelty."
26
75747
1645
kao "prikladna novotarija."
01:29
For something to be appropriate,
it has to be realistic,
it has to be realistic,
27
77416
3071
Da bi nešto bilo prikladno,
mora biti prije svega realno,
mora biti prije svega realno,
01:32
so unfortunately, you can't use
a key as an eyeball.
a key as an eyeball.
28
80511
3865
što znači da ključ ne bi
mogao poslužiti kao očna jabučica.
mogao poslužiti kao očna jabučica.
01:36
Boo!
29
84400
1168
Bu!
01:37
But "novel," the second thing,
is that nobody had to have said it.
is that nobody had to have said it.
30
85592
4847
Ali riječ "novost" je tek druga u
definiciji i odnosi se na nešto neviđeno.
definiciji i odnosi se na nešto neviđeno.
01:42
So for us, it had to be appropriate first,
31
90463
2904
Pa u ovom slučaju odgovori su morali biti
prije svega prikladni
prije svega prikladni
01:45
and then for novelty,
32
93391
1543
pa tek onda "novi",
01:46
nobody else in the entire population
that we surveyed could have said it.
that we surveyed could have said it.
33
94958
3785
nešto čega se još niko od učesnika
nije dosjetio.
nije dosjetio.
01:50
So you might think you could use
a key to scratch somebody's car,
a key to scratch somebody's car,
34
98767
3699
Što znači da, ukoliko bi pomislili
da se ključevi mogu koristiti za grebanje
da se ključevi mogu koristiti za grebanje
01:54
but if somebody else said that,
you didn't get credit for it.
you didn't get credit for it.
35
102490
2915
a neko drugi to kaže, umjesto vas,
ne dobijate nikakve bodove.
ne dobijate nikakve bodove.
01:57
Neither of you did.
36
105429
1175
Nijedan od vas.
01:58
However, only one person said this:
37
106628
2979
Ipak, samo je jedna osoba rekla ovo:
02:02
"If you were dying
and it were a murder mystery,
and it were a murder mystery,
38
110592
2882
"Da si na samrti i sumnja
se na ubistvo,
se na ubistvo,
02:05
and you had to carve the name
of the murderer into the ground
of the murderer into the ground
39
113498
2994
trebati će ti nešto da
urežeš ime ubojice na tlo, zajedno
urežeš ime ubojice na tlo, zajedno
02:08
with your dying words."
40
116516
1587
sa svojim zadnjim riječima.
02:10
One person said this.
41
118127
1683
Jedna osoba je zaista rekla ovo.
02:11
(Laughter)
42
119834
1101
(Smijeh)
02:12
And it's a creative idea,
because it's appropriate and it's novel.
because it's appropriate and it's novel.
43
120959
3285
Ideja je kreativna,
zato što je prikladna i nova.
zato što je prikladna i nova.
02:16
You either did this test and came up
with ideas while you were seated
with ideas while you were seated
44
124268
3404
Ovaj test je urađen na dva načina
na dva načina, u sjedećem položaju
na dva načina, u sjedećem položaju
02:19
or while you were walking on a treadmill.
45
127696
2552
ili hodajući na pokretnoj traci.
02:22
(Laughter)
46
130272
1268
(Smijeh)
02:24
They did the test twice,
with different objects.
with different objects.
47
132185
2755
Ponovili su test dva puta,
sa različitim predmetima.
sa različitim predmetima.
02:26
Three groups: the first group sat first
48
134964
3083
Tri grupe; prva grupa je sjedila za
vrijeme prvog testa,
vrijeme prvog testa,
02:30
and then sat again for the second test.
49
138071
2843
i za vrijeme drugog testa.
02:32
The second group sat first
50
140938
2558
Druga grupa je sjedila na prvom testu,
02:35
and then did the second test
while walking on a treadmill.
while walking on a treadmill.
51
143520
3343
a drugi su radili
dok su hodali na pokretnoj traci.
dok su hodali na pokretnoj traci.
02:38
The third group --
and this is interesting --
and this is interesting --
52
146887
2149
A onda treća grupa--
ovo je zanimljivo,
ovo je zanimljivo,
02:41
they walked on the treadmill first,
and then they sat.
and then they sat.
53
149060
2948
prvi test su radili dok su
šetali, a onda su sjeli.
šetali, a onda su sjeli.
02:44
OK, so the two groups
that sat together for the first test,
that sat together for the first test,
54
152762
3758
Znači, prve dvije grupe koje su
sjedile za vrijeme prvog testa,
sjedile za vrijeme prvog testa,
02:48
they looked pretty similar to each other,
55
156544
2061
su izgledale veoma slično
02:50
and they averaged
about 20 creative ideas per person.
about 20 creative ideas per person.
56
158629
2949
i svaki član se dosjetio otprilike
dvadesetak kreativnih ideja.
dvadesetak kreativnih ideja.
02:54
The group that was walking
on the treadmill
on the treadmill
57
162157
2417
Grupa koja je prvo hodala
po pokretnoj traci
po pokretnoj traci
02:56
did almost twice as well.
58
164598
1813
je postigla duplo više.
02:59
And they were just walking
on a treadmill in a windowless room.
on a treadmill in a windowless room.
59
167071
3348
A samo su šetali na pokretnoj
traci u sobi bez prozora.
traci u sobi bez prozora.
03:04
Remember, they took the test twice.
60
172556
2232
Kao što sam rekla,
test su ponovili dva puta.
test su ponovili dva puta.
03:06
The people who sat twice for that second
test didn't get any better;
test didn't get any better;
61
174812
3694
Učesnici koji su sjedili i za vrijeme
drugog testa, nisu postigli ništa više;
drugog testa, nisu postigli ništa više;
03:10
practice didn't help.
62
178530
1208
rutina nije pomogla.
03:12
But these same people who were sitting
and then went on the treadmill
and then went on the treadmill
63
180313
3335
Dok je grupa koja je prvo sjedila
a zatim otišla na pokretnu traku,
a zatim otišla na pokretnu traku,
03:15
got a boost from walking.
64
183672
1629
dobila neku vrstu poticaja.
03:17
Here's the interesting thing.
65
185325
1527
Ovo je najzanimljiviji dio.
03:19
The people who were
walking on the treadmill
walking on the treadmill
66
187565
2058
Učesnici koji su hodali na pokretnoj traci
03:21
still had a residue effect of the walking,
67
189647
2761
su trpili posljedice šetnje,
03:24
and they were still creative afterwards.
68
192432
1906
i bili kreativniji, usprkos tome.
03:26
So the implication of this
is that you should go for a walk
is that you should go for a walk
69
194362
3125
Sve ovo pokazuje da, prije
nekog bitnog sastanka
nekog bitnog sastanka
03:29
before your next big meeting
and just start brainstorming right away.
and just start brainstorming right away.
70
197511
3657
trebate otići u šetnju i tako
pokrenuti dotok ideja.
pokrenuti dotok ideja.
03:34
We have five tips for you
71
202673
1512
Imamo pet malih savjeta
03:36
that will help make this
the best effect possible.
the best effect possible.
72
204209
3759
koji će proizvesti najbolji mogući
rezultat ovoga.
rezultat ovoga.
03:39
First, you want to pick a problem
or a topic to brainstorm.
or a topic to brainstorm.
73
207992
4520
Prvo, odaberite problem
ili temu o kojoj želite da mislite.
ili temu o kojoj želite da mislite.
03:44
So, this is not the shower effect,
74
212536
2109
Ne, ovo nije efekt tuširanja,
03:46
when you're in the shower
and all of a sudden,
and all of a sudden,
75
214669
2192
jer dok se tuširate ideje dolaze odjednom,
03:48
a new idea pops out of the shampoo bottle.
76
216885
2039
kao da iskoče i boce šampona.
03:50
This is something
you're thinking about ahead of time.
you're thinking about ahead of time.
77
218948
2579
Ovo je nešto o čemu
razmišljate unaprijed.
razmišljate unaprijed.
03:53
They're intentionally thinking about
brainstorming a different perspective
brainstorming a different perspective
78
221551
3563
Ciljano ispitujete različite
perspektive razmišljanja
perspektive razmišljanja
03:57
on the walk.
79
225138
1330
dok ste u šetnji.
03:58
Secondly -- I get asked this a lot:
80
226492
1866
Drugo, često čujem ovo pitanje:
04:00
Is this OK while running?
81
228382
1971
Da li to radi dok trčimo?
04:02
Well, the answer for me
is that if I were running,
is that if I were running,
82
230377
2818
Pa ako mene pitate, jedino o čemu
bih ja razmišljala
bih ja razmišljala
04:05
the only new idea I would have
would be to stop running, so ...
would be to stop running, so ...
83
233219
4326
dok trčim je kad ću prestati, stoga...
04:09
(Laughter)
84
237569
1292
(Smijeh)
04:10
But if running for you
is a comfortable pace, good.
is a comfortable pace, good.
85
238885
3121
Ali, ako trčanje za vas predstavlja
nešto ugodno, onda OK.
nešto ugodno, onda OK.
04:14
It turns out, whatever physical
activity is not taking a lot of attention.
activity is not taking a lot of attention.
86
242030
4558
Što znači da fokus ne smije
da bude na fizičkoj aktivnosti.
da bude na fizičkoj aktivnosti.
04:18
So just walking at a comfortable
pace is a good choice.
pace is a good choice.
87
246612
2799
Najbolji izbor bi bila
lagana šetnja.
lagana šetnja.
04:22
Also, you want to come up with
as many ideas as you can.
as many ideas as you can.
88
250576
2766
Također, cilj je doći do što više ideja.
04:25
One key of creativity
is to not lock on that first idea.
is to not lock on that first idea.
89
253366
3448
Put do kreativnosti ne nalazi se
samo u jednoj i obično prvoj ideji.
samo u jednoj i obično prvoj ideji.
04:28
Keep going.
90
256838
1251
Samo nastavite.
04:30
Keep coming up with new ones,
until you pick one or two to pursue.
until you pick one or two to pursue.
91
258113
3736
Nastavite svoju potragu za idejama
sve dok ne dođete do one koja vam treba.
sve dok ne dođete do one koja vam treba.
04:35
You might worry that you don't want
to write them down,
to write them down,
92
263007
3097
Vjerovatno se plašite da bi mogli
zaboraviti
zaboraviti
04:38
because what if you forget them?
93
266128
1835
ukoliko ih ne zapišete negdje.
04:39
So the idea here is to speak them.
94
267987
1885
Poenta je da ih izgovorite.
04:41
Everybody was speaking their new ideas.
95
269896
1952
Svako je izgovorio svoje nove ideje.
04:43
So you can put your headphones on
and record through your phone
and record through your phone
96
271872
3740
Možete koristiti slušalice
i snimiti ih na telefon
i snimiti ih na telefon
04:47
and then just pretend you're having
a creative conversation, right?
a creative conversation, right?
97
275636
3263
pa se samo pretvarati da vodite neki
kreativan razgovor, zar ne?
kreativan razgovor, zar ne?
04:50
Because the act of writing
your idea down is already a filter.
your idea down is already a filter.
98
278923
3062
Zato što sam čin zapisivanja
funkcionira kao filter.
funkcionira kao filter.
04:54
You're going to be like,
"Is this good enough to write down?"
"Is this good enough to write down?"
99
282009
2944
Jer ćete se prvo pitati
"Da li je ovo dovoljno za zapisati?"
"Da li je ovo dovoljno za zapisati?"
Pa tek onda napisati
04:56
And then you write it down.
100
284977
1327
Znači, izgovorite što je moguće više,
snimite i tek onda razmislite o njima.
snimite i tek onda razmislite o njima.
04:58
So just speak as many as you can,
record them and think about them later.
record them and think about them later.
101
286328
3560
Naravno, ne morate ovo raditi zauvijek.
05:01
And finally: don't do this forever. Right?
102
289912
2442
05:04
If you're on the walk
and that idea's not coming to you,
and that idea's not coming to you,
103
292378
2886
Ako vam nikakva ideja ne dolazi
dok šetate,
dok šetate,
05:07
come back to it later at another time.
104
295288
2016
vratite joj se malo kasnije.
05:10
I think we're coming up
on a break right now,
on a break right now,
105
298349
2492
Mislim da se bližimo kraju,
05:12
so I have an idea:
106
300865
1441
pa imam jednu ideju:
05:14
Why don't you grab a leash
107
302330
1710
Zašto onda ne bi uzeli
povodac u ruke
povodac u ruke
05:16
and take your thoughts for a walk?
108
304064
2211
i izveli svoje misli u šetnju ?
05:19
Thank you.
109
307775
1162
Zahvaljujem.
05:20
(Applause)
110
308961
2680
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marily Oppezzo - Behavioral and learning scientistMarily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind.
Why you should listen
Inheriting an energetic passion for health from her dad, Marily Oppezzo's past research has investigated ways to use the world to motivate healthy brains and healthy behaviors. She is currently an Instructor of Medicine at the Stanford Prevention Research Center. She is also working with Dr. Dan Schwartz to find out if fidgeting in the classroom may be a desirable cognitive tool rather than an irritating hallmark of inattention, and she's working with Dr. Margaret Neale and Dr. Jodi Prochaska to discover how walking may improve negotiation outcomes.
Along her way, Oppezzo has collected several souvenir lessons from her range of work and educational experiences:
Bartending:
1. The environment has incredible power to elicit and shape behaviors; and
2. Everyone has at least one interesting story in them.
Dietetics:
1. Biochemistry is fascinating;
2. We grant food immense powers. It can be simultaneously viewed as a vehicle of health, morality, social bonding, government conspiracy, inequality and pleasure; and
3. A plateful of knowledge doesn't always help the medicine go down.
Teaching / education:
1. Watching people learn, grow, and change is a deep gratification unique to teaching and behavior change work; and
2. Learning, like behavior change, takes distributed practice to become part of you. (We can’t binge-watch knowledge any more than we should pull flossing all-nighters).
Cardiac rehab:
1. Everyone has the capacity to be an inspiration and in surprising, unexpected ways; and
2. Health becomes incredibly valuable once you experience a true loss of it; and
3. Exercise is the ultimate multitasker: it can heal the brain, the heart and the body all at once.
Marily Oppezzo | Speaker | TED.com