We the Future
LaToya Ruby Frazier: A creative solution for the water crisis in Flint, Michigan
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Artist LaToya Ruby Frazier spent five months living in Flint, Michigan, documenting the lives of those affected by the city's water crisis for her photo essay "Flint is Family." As the crisis dragged on, she realized it was going to take more than a series of photos to bring relief. In this inspiring, surprising talk, she shares the creative lengths she went to in order to bring free, clean water to the people of Flint.
LaToya Ruby Frazier - Photographer
LaToya Ruby Frazier focuses her camera lens on her family and her hometown of Braddock, Pennsylvania, to explore themes of family, inequality, health care and environmental racism. Full bio
LaToya Ruby Frazier focuses her camera lens on her family and her hometown of Braddock, Pennsylvania, to explore themes of family, inequality, health care and environmental racism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
So, in 2016,
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I was commissioned
to produce a photo essay
to produce a photo essay
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about the water crisis in Flint, Michigan.
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And that's been going on since 2014.
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And I accepted the commission
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with the idea that I would photograph
three generations of women
three generations of women
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dealing with the crisis on a daily basis.
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I was fortunate to meet two best friends,
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artists, activists and poets
Amber Hasan and Shea Cobb,
Amber Hasan and Shea Cobb,
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who took me around Flint.
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As a school bus driver,
Shea Cobb became the central figure
Shea Cobb became the central figure
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of the photo essay,
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along with her mother, Ms. Renée,
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and her eight-year-old daughter, Zion.
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I obsessively followed
Shea's school bus routes.
Shea's school bus routes.
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And when Shea wasn't driving the bus,
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she would be watching over Zion,
making sure she was studying.
making sure she was studying.
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I embedded myself in every
intimate facet of Shea's life.
intimate facet of Shea's life.
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When Shea took me to Zion's school,
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and I saw the water fountains
covered with signs that said,
covered with signs that said,
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"Contaminated. Do not drink,"
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I couldn't pick up
my camera to photograph it.
my camera to photograph it.
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It rocked me to the core
to see that in America,
to see that in America,
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we can go from fountains
that say "Whites" or "Blacks only,"
that say "Whites" or "Blacks only,"
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to today seeing fountains that say,
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"Contaminated water. Do not drink."
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And somehow, that's acceptable?
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The residents in Flint
have been forced to drink with,
have been forced to drink with,
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cook with and bathe with bottled water,
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while paying the highest
water bills in the country
water bills in the country
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for water that is infected
with deadly legionella bacteria.
with deadly legionella bacteria.
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It was natural for me to go to Flint,
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because industrial pollution,
bacteria-contaminated water
bacteria-contaminated water
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were all too familiar for me growing up
in my hometown, Braddock, Pennsylvania,
in my hometown, Braddock, Pennsylvania,
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where my mother and I battled cancer
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and autoimmune disorders like lupus.
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Our 14-year collaboration,
"The Notion of Family,"
"The Notion of Family,"
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was created out of our struggle
to survive environmental racism,
to survive environmental racism,
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healthcare inequity
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and chemical emissions
that were being deregulated
that were being deregulated
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and released from the United States
Steel Corporation,
Steel Corporation,
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making Braddock the town with the highest
asthma and infant mortality rates
asthma and infant mortality rates
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in the country.
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From the Monongahela River
to the Flint River,
to the Flint River,
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in the words of W.E.B. Du Bois,
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"The town, the whole valley,
has turned its back upon the river.
has turned its back upon the river.
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It has used it as a sewer, as a drain,
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as a place for throwing their waste."
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General Motors has been cited
for dumping chemicals in the Flint River
for dumping chemicals in the Flint River
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for decades.
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When my photo essay "Flint is Family"
came out in August of 2016,
came out in August of 2016,
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it was released to remind America
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that although Flint
was no longer headline news,
was no longer headline news,
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the water crisis was far from over.
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And, of course, I knew
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it was going to take more
than a series of photographs on my part
than a series of photographs on my part
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to bring relief to the people
in Vehicle City.
in Vehicle City.
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Shea and I bonded
over our mothers and grandmothers.
over our mothers and grandmothers.
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Amber and I bonded
over our battles with lupus.
over our battles with lupus.
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Together, we decided to remain
in each other's life
in each other's life
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and continue our creative efforts.
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In 2017, Shea and Amber cofounded
artist collective The Sister Tour,
artist collective The Sister Tour,
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whose mission is to provide
a safe space for Flint artists.
a safe space for Flint artists.
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One year later,
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I mounted my solo exhibition,
"Flint is Family,"
"Flint is Family,"
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here in New York City
at Gavin Brown's Enterprise
at Gavin Brown's Enterprise
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on West 127th Street.
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As the audience approaches
the facade of the building,
the facade of the building,
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they see a 30-foot billboard.
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The 30-foot billboard is made
of three large color negatives
of three large color negatives
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with the message "Water Is Life,"
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spelled out in Nestle water bottles
by The Sister Tour.
by The Sister Tour.
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Nestle, the largest water-bottling
company in the world,
company in the world,
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pumps 400 gallons of water per minute
out of aquifers in Lake Michigan,
out of aquifers in Lake Michigan,
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nearly free of charge.
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The company also extracts
millions of liters of water
millions of liters of water
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from First Nation reservations,
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while they have no access
to clean water at all.
to clean water at all.
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This is a fundraiser print
that I used to raise money
that I used to raise money
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to send The Sister Tour
to different venues
to different venues
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to educate people on the ongoing crisis.
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I also continued to keep it
in the public eye
in the public eye
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by producing countdown flags
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that were raised on institutions
across the country.
across the country.
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This past June,
Amber emailed me with the news
Amber emailed me with the news
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that Michigan's attorney general
dropped all criminal charges
dropped all criminal charges
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in the Flint Water Crisis investigation,
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where eight state and city employees
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were facing charges
as serious as manslaughter.
as serious as manslaughter.
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I could no longer idly stand by
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and wait for the government to do its job.
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Justice has been delayed,
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and justice has been denied.
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It's been five years,
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and we're still waiting on justice
for the men, women and children in Flint.
for the men, women and children in Flint.
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I asked Amber, "What can I do?"
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She told me about a man named Moses West
that she met in Puerto Rico,
that she met in Puerto Rico,
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who invented a 26,000-pound
atmospheric water generator.
atmospheric water generator.
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Amber took Moses to elected officials
in the city of Flint.
in the city of Flint.
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None of them seemed interested in bringing
the machine for relief to Flint at all.
the machine for relief to Flint at all.
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Amber needed to get the machine
from a military base in Texas
from a military base in Texas
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all the way to Flint.
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Nobody in Flint had
that kind of money lying around.
that kind of money lying around.
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And it was at that point that I decided
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to take the proceeds from my
solo exhibition "Flint is Family,"
solo exhibition "Flint is Family,"
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along with the generous match grant
from the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation,
from the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation,
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and sent it to Moses West.
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This past July,
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Moses West and his atmospheric water
generator arrived to Flint, Michigan,
generator arrived to Flint, Michigan,
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on North Saginaw
between Marengo and Pulaski,
between Marengo and Pulaski,
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and is actually still there
right now, operating.
right now, operating.
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This community that sits
three miles from downtown
three miles from downtown
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has been stripped of its schools,
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access to healthy grocery stores
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and clean water.
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Socially, it's viewed
as a violent, poor community.
as a violent, poor community.
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But I see something completely different.
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Moses, an officer, Ranger, veteran,
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was very clear about his
water rescue mission:
water rescue mission:
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Bring relief of free, clean water
to the people in Flint.
to the people in Flint.
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Teach them how to use the machine,
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teach them how to take care of it,
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and most importantly,
take ownership of the machine.
take ownership of the machine.
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Tell everybody across the city
to bring all their containers
to bring all their containers
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and come and take as much water
as they can stock up on,
as they can stock up on,
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especially before the winter season hits;
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the machine doesn't extract moisture
in freezing temperatures.
in freezing temperatures.
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This technology pulls air
through a high-volume air filter.
through a high-volume air filter.
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It mechanically creates condensation,
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which produces 2,000 gallons
of water per day.
of water per day.
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Residents are free
to walk up to the machine
to walk up to the machine
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anywhere between 9am and 8pm daily
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and take as much as they want,
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alleviating them from standing
in long lines for bottled water.
in long lines for bottled water.
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I've been at the machine,
interviewing people, asking them,
interviewing people, asking them,
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"What does it mean to see Moses
and his machine in [your] community?"
and his machine in [your] community?"
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And, "What has it been like
living without access to clean water?"
living without access to clean water?"
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Alita told me,
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"It's a miracle that God gave Moses
the knowledge and technology
the knowledge and technology
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to provide us with pure drinking water."
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She also told me that
prior to the machine coming,
prior to the machine coming,
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she had severe headaches,
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and the water made her
so sick to her stomach,
so sick to her stomach,
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she couldn't eat.
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Tina told me that
the lead-contaminated water
the lead-contaminated water
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made her hair fall out.
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Usually, she's weak and very light-headed.
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Since using the machine,
she's had energy and strength.
she's had energy and strength.
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David, he was overwhelmed with joy
that someone from Texas cared.
that someone from Texas cared.
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When he tasted the water,
he thought to himself,
he thought to himself,
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"Now, this is the way
God intended water to be."
God intended water to be."
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He brings three seven-gallon
containers to refill
containers to refill
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to use at his barbecue stand.
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Through creativity and solidarity,
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Amber Hasan, Shea Cobb,
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Tuklor Senegal, The Sister Tour,
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myself, the people of Flint,
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Dexter Moon, Moses West
and his atmospheric water generator
and his atmospheric water generator
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have been able to provide 120,000 gallons
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of free, clean water.
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(Applause)
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The people in Flint deserve
access to clean water.
access to clean water.
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Water is life.
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It is the spirit that binds us
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from sickness, death and destruction.
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Imagine how many millions
of lives we could save
of lives we could save
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if Moses's machine were in places like
Newark, New Jersey,
Newark, New Jersey,
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South Africa
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and India,
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with compassion instead of profit motives.
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I loaded my camera,
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I locked my focus,
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and I placed my finger
over the shutter release,
over the shutter release,
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as Shea and Zion went to take
their first sip of clean water.
their first sip of clean water.
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When the shutter released,
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I was overcome with a deep sense
of joy and righteousness.
of joy and righteousness.
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11:04
When I sent Shea some of the photographs,
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she wrote,
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"Thank you again for the light
that you bring to my city."
that you bring to my city."
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I immediately replied,
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"The light was already there within you."
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It's been four years
since I've been photographing in Flint,
since I've been photographing in Flint,
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and finally, I've been able
to render a poetic justice.
to render a poetic justice.
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No matter how dark a situation may be,
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a camera can extract the light
and turn a negative into a positive.
and turn a negative into a positive.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
LaToya Ruby Frazier - PhotographerLaToya Ruby Frazier focuses her camera lens on her family and her hometown of Braddock, Pennsylvania, to explore themes of family, inequality, health care and environmental racism.
Why you should listen
TED Fellow LaToya Ruby Frazier uses photography, video and performance to address issues of industrialism, rustbelt revitalization, environmental justice, healthcare inequality, family and communal history. Some of her work, which features images of her mother and grandmother (Grandma Ruby) was published in her first book, The Notion of Family, which received the International Center for Photography Infinity Award.
She has exhibited her work widely in the United States and elsewhere, with solo exhibitions at the Brooklyn Museum, Seattle Art Museum, the Institute of Contemporary Art in Boston and the Contemporary Arts Museum Houston. She is an assistant professor of photography at the School of Art Institute of Chicago, having previously taught at Yale, Rutgers and Syracuse University.
LaToya received her BFA in applied media arts from Edinboro University of Pennsylvania and her MFA in art photography from Syracuse University. She was the Guna S. Mundheim Fellow for visual arts at the American Academy in Berlin in 2013 and won a fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation in 2014. She is also a 2015 MacArthur Fellow.
LaToya Ruby Frazier | Speaker | TED.com