TEDxSiliconValley
Damon Horowitz: We need a "moral operating system"
Dejmon Horovic (Damon Horowitz): Potreban nam je "moralni operativni sistem"
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Na TEDxSilliconValley, Dejmon Horovic razmatra ogromne nove moći koje nam tehnologija daje: da znamo više - i više jedni o drugima - nego ikada ranije. Uvlačeći publiku u filozofsku diskusiju, Horovic nas poziva da posvetimo iznova pažnju osnovama filozofije - etičkim principima - pred naletom pronalazaka koji preoblikuju naš svet. Gde je moralni operativni sistem koji nam omogućuje da nađemo smisao u tome?
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneur
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities. Full bio
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Power.
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Moć.
00:17
That is the word that comes to mind.
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To je reč koja pada na pamet.
00:19
We're the new technologists.
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Mi smo novi tehnolozi.
00:21
We have a lot of data, so we have a lot of power.
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Imamo mnogo podataka,
stoga imamo mnogo moći.
stoga imamo mnogo moći.
00:24
How much power do we have?
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Koliko moći imamo?
00:26
Scene from a movie: "Apocalypse Now" -- great movie.
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Scena iz filma "Apokalipsa danas"
- sjajnog filma.
- sjajnog filma.
00:29
We've got to get our hero, Captain Willard, to the mouth of the Nung River
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Moramo da dovedemo našeg heroja,
kapetana Vilarda, do ušća reke Nung
kapetana Vilarda, do ušća reke Nung
00:32
so he can go pursue Colonel Kurtz.
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kako bi krenuo u potragu
za pukovnikom Kercom.
za pukovnikom Kercom.
00:34
The way we're going to do this is fly him in and drop him off.
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Zato ćemo ga tamo
odvesti avionom i ostaviti ga.
odvesti avionom i ostaviti ga.
00:36
So the scene:
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Dakle, scena je:
00:38
the sky is filled with this fleet of helicopters carrying him in.
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nebo je ispunjeno flotom helikoptera
koji ga prenose.
koji ga prenose.
00:41
And there's this loud, thrilling music in the background,
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I tu je ta glasna,
uzbudljiva muzika u pozadini,
uzbudljiva muzika u pozadini,
00:43
this wild music.
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ta divlja muzika.
00:45
♫ Dum da ta da dum ♫
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♫ Dum da ta da dum ♫
00:47
♫ Dum da ta da dum ♫
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♫ Dum da ta da dum ♫
00:49
♫ Da ta da da ♫
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♫ Da ta da da ♫
00:52
That's a lot of power.
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To je puno moći.
00:54
That's the kind of power I feel in this room.
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To je moć kakvu osećam u ovoj prostoriji.
00:56
That's the kind of power we have
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Takvu moć imamo
00:58
because of all of the data that we have.
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zbog svih podataka koje posedujemo.
01:00
Let's take an example.
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Uzmimo jedan primer.
01:02
What can we do
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Šta možemo da uradimo
01:04
with just one person's data?
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sa podacima samo jedne osobe?
01:07
What can we do
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Šta možemo da uradimo
sa podacima ovog tipa?
Mogu da pogledam
Mogu da pogledam
01:09
with that guy's data?
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01:11
I can look at your financial records.
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vaše finansijsko stanje.
01:13
I can tell if you pay your bills on time.
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Da vidim da li redovno plaćate račune.
01:15
I know if you're good to give a loan to.
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Znam da li ste pogodni
za davanje kredita.
za davanje kredita.
01:17
I can look at your medical records; I can see if your pump is still pumping --
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Da pogledam vaš medicinski karton -
da vidim da li
vaša pumpa još uvek pumpa -
vaša pumpa još uvek pumpa -
01:20
see if you're good to offer insurance to.
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da li ste pogodni za ponudu osiguranja.
01:23
I can look at your clicking patterns.
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Mogu da vidim vaše obrasce kliktanja.
01:25
When you come to my website, I actually know what you're going to do already
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Kad dođete na moj sajt,
zapravo već znam šta ćete uraditi
zapravo već znam šta ćete uraditi
01:28
because I've seen you visit millions of websites before.
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jer sam već ranije video
kako posećujte milione sajtova.
kako posećujte milione sajtova.
01:30
And I'm sorry to tell you,
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I žao mi je da vam to kažem,
01:32
you're like a poker player, you have a tell.
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odajete znake kao igrač pokera.
01:34
I can tell with data analysis what you're going to do
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Mogu da otkrijem analizom podataka
01:36
before you even do it.
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šta ćete uraditi
pre nego što to i učinite.
pre nego što to i učinite.
01:38
I know what you like. I know who you are,
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Znam šta volite. Znam ko ste,
i to čak i pre nego što pogledam
vašu poštu
vašu poštu
01:41
and that's even before I look at your mail
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01:43
or your phone.
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ili vaš telefon.
01:45
Those are the kinds of things we can do
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Takve stvari možemo da uradimo
01:47
with the data that we have.
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sa podacima koje imamo.
01:50
But I'm not actually here to talk about what we can do.
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Ali ja u stvari nisam ovde
da bih govorio o tome šta možemo činiti.
da bih govorio o tome šta možemo činiti.
01:56
I'm here to talk about what we should do.
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Ovde sam da bih govorio o tome
šta bi trebalo da činimo.
šta bi trebalo da činimo.
02:00
What's the right thing to do?
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Šta je prava stvar koju treba uraditi?
02:04
Now I see some puzzled looks
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Vidim neke zbunjene poglede
02:06
like, "Why are you asking us what's the right thing to do?
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u stilu: "Zašto nas pitaš
šta je prava stvar koju treba uraditi?
šta je prava stvar koju treba uraditi?
02:09
We're just building this stuff. Somebody else is using it."
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Mi samo pravimo ove stvari.
Neko drugi ih koristi."
Neko drugi ih koristi."
02:12
Fair enough.
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Pošteno.
02:15
But it brings me back.
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Ali to me vraća unazad.
02:17
I think about World War II --
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Razmišljam o Drugom svetskom ratu -
02:19
some of our great technologists then,
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nekim od tadašnjih velikih tehnologa,
02:21
some of our great physicists,
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o nekim velikim fizičarima
02:23
studying nuclear fission and fusion --
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koji su izučavali
nuklearnu fisiju i fuziju -
nuklearnu fisiju i fuziju -
02:25
just nuclear stuff.
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prosto nuklearne stvari.
02:27
We gather together these physicists in Los Alamos
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Okupimo ove fizičare u Los Alamosu
02:30
to see what they'll build.
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da vidimo šta će stvoriti.
02:33
We want the people building the technology
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Želimo da ljudi koji grade tehnologiju
02:36
thinking about what we should be doing with the technology.
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razmišljaju o tome
šta bi trebalo da radimo sa tehnologijom.
šta bi trebalo da radimo sa tehnologijom.
02:41
So what should we be doing with that guy's data?
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Dakle, šta bi trebalo
da radimo sa podacima tog tipa?
da radimo sa podacima tog tipa?
02:44
Should we be collecting it, gathering it,
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Treba li da ih sakupljamo,
grupišemo, da bismo mogli
grupišemo, da bismo mogli
02:47
so we can make his online experience better?
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da njegovo onlajn iskustvo
učinimo boljim?
učinimo boljim?
02:49
So we can make money?
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Da bismo mogli da zaradimo novac?
02:51
So we can protect ourselves
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Da zaštitimo sebe
02:53
if he was up to no good?
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ako bi on imao loše namere?
02:55
Or should we respect his privacy,
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Ili bi trebalo da poštujemo
njegovu privatnost,
njegovu privatnost,
02:58
protect his dignity and leave him alone?
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štitimo njegovo dostojanstvo
i ostavimo ga na miru?
i ostavimo ga na miru?
03:02
Which one is it?
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Šta od toga?
03:05
How should we figure it out?
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Kako to da otkrijemo?
03:07
I know: crowdsource. Let's crowdsource this.
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Znam: kraudsorsing.
Hajde da to uradimo.
Hajde da to uradimo.
Da se ljudi zagreju,
03:11
So to get people warmed up,
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počnimo sa lakim pitanjem -
03:14
let's start with an easy question --
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nečim za šta sam siguran
da svi ovde imaju mišljenje o tome:
da svi ovde imaju mišljenje o tome:
03:16
something I'm sure everybody here has an opinion about:
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03:19
iPhone versus Android.
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Ajfon naspram Androida.
03:21
Let's do a show of hands -- iPhone.
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Hajdemo sa podizanjem ruku - Ajfon.
03:24
Uh huh.
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Aha.
03:26
Android.
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Android.
03:29
You'd think with a bunch of smart people
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Čovek bi pomislio da gomila pametnih ljudi
03:31
we wouldn't be such suckers just for the pretty phones.
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ne bi bili takve naivčine
po pitanju lepih telefona.
po pitanju lepih telefona.
03:33
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:35
Next question,
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Sledeće pitanje,
03:37
a little bit harder.
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malo teže.
03:39
Should we be collecting all of that guy's data
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Da li bi trebalo da sakupljamo
sve podatke tog tipa
sve podatke tog tipa
03:41
to make his experiences better
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da bismo učinili njegovo iskustvo boljim
03:43
and to protect ourselves in case he's up to no good?
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i zaštitili sebe u slučaju da
on sprema nešto loše?
on sprema nešto loše?
03:46
Or should we leave him alone?
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Ili treba da ga ostavimo na miru?
03:48
Collect his data.
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Sakupljati njegove podatke.
03:53
Leave him alone.
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Ostaviti ga na miru.
03:56
You're safe. It's fine.
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Bezbedni ste. U redu je.
03:58
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:00
Okay, last question --
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Okej, poslednje pitanje -
04:02
harder question --
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teže pitanje -
04:04
when trying to evaluate
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kada pokušavamo da procenimo
04:07
what we should do in this case,
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šta treba da radimo u ovom slučaju,
04:10
should we use a Kantian deontological moral framework,
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da li treba da koristimo
Kantov deontološki moralni okvir,
Kantov deontološki moralni okvir,
04:14
or should we use a Millian consequentialist one?
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ili treba da koristimo
Milov konsekvencionalistički?
Milov konsekvencionalistički?
04:19
Kant.
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Kant.
04:22
Mill.
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Mil.
04:25
Not as many votes.
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Nema toliko glasova.
04:27
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:30
Yeah, that's a terrifying result.
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Da, to je zastrašujući rezultat.
04:34
Terrifying, because we have stronger opinions
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Zastrašujuć, jer imamo snažnija mišljenja
04:38
about our hand-held devices
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o našim mobilnim aparatima
04:40
than about the moral framework
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nego o moralnom okviru
04:42
we should use to guide our decisions.
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koji treba da koristimo
za usmeravanje naših odluka.
za usmeravanje naših odluka.
04:44
How do we know what to do with all the power we have
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Kako znamo šta da radimo
sa svom tom moći koju imamo
sa svom tom moći koju imamo
04:47
if we don't have a moral framework?
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ako nemamo moralni okvir?
04:50
We know more about mobile operating systems,
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Znamo više o
mobilnim operativnim sistemima,
mobilnim operativnim sistemima,
04:53
but what we really need is a moral operating system.
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ali ono što nam je zaista potrebno jeste
moralni operativni sistem.
moralni operativni sistem.
04:58
What's a moral operating system?
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Šta je moralni operativni sistem?
05:00
We all know right and wrong, right?
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Svi znamo za ispravno i pogrešno, zar ne?
05:02
You feel good when you do something right,
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Osećate se dobro
kada uradite nešto ispravno,
kada uradite nešto ispravno,
05:04
you feel bad when you do something wrong.
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loše kada uradite nešto pogrešno.
05:06
Our parents teach us that: praise with the good, scold with the bad.
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Naši roditelji nas uče tome:
nagrađuju za dobro, grde za loše.
nagrađuju za dobro, grde za loše.
05:09
But how do we figure out what's right and wrong?
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Ali kako da shvatimo
šta je ispravno a šta pogrešno?
šta je ispravno a šta pogrešno?
05:12
And from day to day, we have the techniques that we use.
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Iz dana u dan,
imamo tehnike koje koristimo.
imamo tehnike koje koristimo.
05:15
Maybe we just follow our gut.
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Možda jednostavno sledimo našu intuiciju.
05:18
Maybe we take a vote -- we crowdsource.
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Možda glasamo - koristimo kraudsors.
05:21
Or maybe we punt --
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Ili možda odustanemo -
05:23
ask the legal department, see what they say.
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pitamo pravnike, vidimo šta oni kažu.
05:26
In other words, it's kind of random,
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Drugim rečima, nekako je slučajno,
05:28
kind of ad hoc,
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nekako ad hoc,
05:30
how we figure out what we should do.
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kako rešavamo šta bi trebalo da radimo.
05:33
And maybe, if we want to be on surer footing,
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Možda je, ako želimo
da stojimo na čvršćoj podlozi,
da stojimo na čvršćoj podlozi,
ono što nam zaista treba moralni okvir
koji će nam pomoći da se uputimo tamo,
koji će nam pomoći da se uputimo tamo,
05:36
what we really want is a moral framework that will help guide us there,
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05:39
that will tell us what kinds of things are right and wrong in the first place,
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koji će nam reći uopšte
kakve stvari su ispravne i pogrešne,
kakve stvari su ispravne i pogrešne,
05:42
and how would we know in a given situation what to do.
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i kako bismo znali
šta da činimo u datoj situaciji.
šta da činimo u datoj situaciji.
05:46
So let's get a moral framework.
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Hajde onda da pribavimo moralni poredak.
05:48
We're numbers people, living by numbers.
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Mi smo ljudi od brojeva,
živimo po brojevima.
živimo po brojevima.
05:51
How can we use numbers
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Kako možemo da koristimo brojeve
05:53
as the basis for a moral framework?
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kao osnovu za moralni okvir?
05:56
I know a guy who did exactly that.
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Znam tipa koji je učinio upravo to.
05:59
A brilliant guy --
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Sjajan tip -
06:02
he's been dead 2,500 years.
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mrtav je poslednjih 2500 godina.
06:05
Plato, that's right.
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Platon, tako je.
06:07
Remember him -- old philosopher?
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Sećate ga se - stari filozof?
06:09
You were sleeping during that class.
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Spavali ste na tom času.
06:12
And Plato, he had a lot of the same concerns that we did.
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Platon je imao
dosta istih briga koje i mi imamo.
dosta istih briga koje i mi imamo.
06:14
He was worried about right and wrong.
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Brinuo je oko ispravnog i pogrešnog.
06:16
He wanted to know what is just.
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Želeo je da zna šta je pravedno.
06:18
But he was worried that all we seem to be doing
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Ali je brinuo da je sve što da radimo
06:20
is trading opinions about this.
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razmena mišljenja o ovome.
06:22
He says something's just. She says something else is just.
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On kaže da je nešto pravedno.
Ona da je nešto drugo pravedno.
Ona da je nešto drugo pravedno.
06:25
It's kind of convincing when he talks and when she talks too.
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Nekako je ubedljivo kad on govori
i kad ona govori.
i kad ona govori.
06:27
I'm just going back and forth; I'm not getting anywhere.
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Samo idem napred-nazad, ne stižem nigde.
06:29
I don't want opinions; I want knowledge.
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Ne želim mišljenja; želim znanje.
06:32
I want to know the truth about justice --
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Želim da znam istinu o pravdi -
06:35
like we have truths in math.
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kao što imamo istine u matematici.
06:38
In math, we know the objective facts.
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U matematici znamo objektivne činjenice.
06:41
Take a number, any number -- two.
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Uzmite broj, bilo koji broj - dva.
06:43
Favorite number. I love that number.
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Omiljeni broj. Volim taj broj.
06:45
There are truths about two.
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Postoje istine u vezi dva.
06:47
If you've got two of something,
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Ako imate dva nečega,
06:49
you add two more, you get four.
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dodate još dva, dobijate četiri.
06:51
That's true no matter what thing you're talking about.
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To je istinito bez obzira o čemu govorite.
06:53
It's an objective truth about the form of two,
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To je objektivna istina o obliku dva,
06:55
the abstract form.
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apstraktnom obliku.
06:57
When you have two of anything -- two eyes, two ears, two noses,
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Kada imate dva bilo čega -
dva oka, dva uha, dva nosa,
dva oka, dva uha, dva nosa,
06:59
just two protrusions --
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prosto dve izbočine -
07:01
those all partake of the form of two.
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sve to sačinjava oblik dva.
07:04
They all participate in the truths that two has.
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Svi oni učestvuju u istinama koje dva ima.
07:08
They all have two-ness in them.
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Svi oni imaju dva-nost u njima.
07:10
And therefore, it's not a matter of opinion.
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I prema tome, to nije stvar mišljenja.
07:13
What if, Plato thought,
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Šta kad bi, Platon je razmišljao,
07:15
ethics was like math?
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etika bila kao matematika?
07:17
What if there were a pure form of justice?
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Šta kada bi postojao čist oblik pravde?
07:20
What if there are truths about justice,
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Šta ako postoje istine o pravednosti,
07:22
and you could just look around in this world
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i možete samo pogledati svet oko sebe
07:24
and see which things participated,
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i videti koje stvari učestvuju,
07:26
partook of that form of justice?
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sačinjavaju taj oblik pravednosti?
07:29
Then you would know what was really just and what wasn't.
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Tada biste znali
šta je zaista pravedno a šta nije.
šta je zaista pravedno a šta nije.
07:32
It wouldn't be a matter
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To ne bi bila stvar
07:34
of just opinion or just appearances.
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pravednog mišljenja
ili pravednih predstava.
ili pravednih predstava.
07:37
That's a stunning vision.
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To je zapanjujuća vizija.
07:39
I mean, think about that. How grand. How ambitious.
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Razmislite o tome.
Kako veličanstveno. Kako ambiciozno.
Kako veličanstveno. Kako ambiciozno.
07:42
That's as ambitious as we are.
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To je ambiciozno koliko i mi.
07:44
He wants to solve ethics.
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On hoće da reši etiku.
07:46
He wants objective truths.
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On želi objektivne istine.
07:48
If you think that way,
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Ako razmišljate na taj način,
07:51
you have a Platonist moral framework.
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imate platonski moralni okvir.
07:54
If you don't think that way,
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Ako ne mislite na taj način,
07:56
well, you have a lot of company in the history of Western philosophy,
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pa, imate dosta društva
u istoriji zapadne filozofije,
u istoriji zapadne filozofije,
07:58
because the tidy idea, you know, people criticized it.
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zbog uređene ideje, znate,
ljudi su je kritikovali.
ljudi su je kritikovali.
08:01
Aristotle, in particular, he was not amused.
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Aristotelu naročito, nije mu bila zabavna.
08:04
He thought it was impractical.
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Mislio je da je nepraktična.
08:07
Aristotle said, "We should seek only so much precision in each subject
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Aristotel je rekao: "Trebalo bi da tražimo
samo onoliko preciznosti u svakoj temi
samo onoliko preciznosti u svakoj temi
08:11
as that subject allows."
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koliko to tema dozvoljava."
08:13
Aristotle thought ethics wasn't a lot like math.
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Aristotel je mislio da etika
nije mnogo slična matematici.
nije mnogo slična matematici.
08:16
He thought ethics was a matter of making decisions in the here-and-now
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Mislio je da je etika
stvar donošenja odluka, sada i ovde
stvar donošenja odluka, sada i ovde
08:19
using our best judgment
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koristeći naše najbolje procene
08:21
to find the right path.
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da pronađemo pravi put.
08:23
If you think that, Plato's not your guy.
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Ako tako mislite, Platon nije za vas.
08:25
But don't give up.
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Ali ne odustajte.
08:27
Maybe there's another way
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Možda postoji drugi način
08:29
that we can use numbers as the basis of our moral framework.
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da koristimo brojeve
kao osnovu za naš moralni okvir.
kao osnovu za naš moralni okvir.
08:33
How about this:
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Kako se čini ovo:
08:35
What if in any situation you could just calculate,
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šta ako biste mogli
da u bilo kojoj situaciji izračunate,
da u bilo kojoj situaciji izračunate,
08:38
look at the choices,
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pogledate izbore,
08:40
measure out which one's better and know what to do?
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izmerite koji je bolji
i znate šta da radite?
i znate šta da radite?
08:43
That sound familiar?
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Da li to zvuči poznato?
08:45
That's a utilitarian moral framework.
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To je utilitaristički moralni okvir.
08:48
John Stuart Mill was a great advocate of this --
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Džon Stjuart Mil je bio
veliki zastupnik ovoga -
veliki zastupnik ovoga -
08:50
nice guy besides --
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dobar tip inače -
08:52
and only been dead 200 years.
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i mrtav je svega 200 godina.
08:54
So basis of utilitarianism --
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Dakle, osnove utilitarizma -
08:56
I'm sure you're familiar at least.
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siguran sam da su vam bar poznate.
Tri osobe
Tri osobe
08:58
The three people who voted for Mill before are familiar with this.
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koje su malopre glasale
za Mila su upoznate
za Mila su upoznate
09:00
But here's the way it works.
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sa ovim.
Evo kako to funkcioniše.
Evo kako to funkcioniše.
09:02
What if morals, what if what makes something moral
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Šta ako je ono što čini nešto moralnim
09:05
is just a matter of if it maximizes pleasure
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samo stvar toga da li uvećava zadovoljstvo
09:07
and minimizes pain?
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i umanjuje bol?
09:09
It does something intrinsic to the act.
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Radi nešto svojstveno tom činu.
09:12
It's not like its relation to some abstract form.
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Nije to odnos
prema nekoj apstraktnoj formi.
prema nekoj apstraktnoj formi.
09:14
It's just a matter of the consequences.
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To je samo pitanje posledica.
09:16
You just look at the consequences
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Jednostavno pogledate posledice
09:18
and see if, overall, it's for the good or for the worse.
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i vidite da li je, sveukupno,
dobro ili loše.
dobro ili loše.
09:20
That would be simple. Then we know what to do.
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To bi bilo jednostavno.
Tada znamo šta da radimo.
Tada znamo šta da radimo.
09:22
Let's take an example.
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Hajde da uzmemo primer.
09:24
Suppose I go up
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Pretpostavimo da ja ustanem
09:26
and I say, "I'm going to take your phone."
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i kažem: "Uzeću tvoj telefon."
09:28
Not just because it rang earlier,
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Ne prosto zato što je prethodno zazvonio,
09:30
but I'm going to take it because I made a little calculation.
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već ću ga uzeti
jer sam napravio malu računicu.
jer sam napravio malu računicu.
09:33
I thought, that guy looks suspicious.
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Pomislio sam, taj tip deluje sumnjivo.
Šta ako je slao porukice
u Bin Ladenovo skrovište -
u Bin Ladenovo skrovište -
09:36
And what if he's been sending little messages to Bin Laden's hideout --
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09:39
or whoever took over after Bin Laden --
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ili ko god da je nasledio Bin Ladena -
09:41
and he's actually like a terrorist, a sleeper cell.
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i on je zapravo poput teroriste,
tajni agent.
tajni agent.
09:44
I'm going to find that out, and when I find that out,
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Ja ću to da otkrijem, i kada otkrijem,
sprečiću ogromnu količinu štete
koju bi on mogao izazvati.
koju bi on mogao izazvati.
09:47
I'm going to prevent a huge amount of damage that he could cause.
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09:50
That has a very high utility to prevent that damage.
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To je veoma velika korist
od sprečavanja te štete.
od sprečavanja te štete.
I upoređujući to
sa malo bola koje će izazvati -
sa malo bola koje će izazvati -
09:53
And compared to the little pain that it's going to cause --
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09:55
because it's going to be embarrassing when I'm looking on his phone
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jer će biti nelagodno
kada budem pregledao njegov telefon
kada budem pregledao njegov telefon
09:57
and seeing that he has a Farmville problem and that whole bit --
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i video da ima
problem s Farmvilom i sve to -
problem s Farmvilom i sve to -
10:00
that's overwhelmed
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nadjačan je
10:03
by the value of looking at the phone.
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vrednošću pregledanja telefona.
10:05
If you feel that way,
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Ako imate takvo mišljenje,
10:07
that's a utilitarian choice.
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to je utilitaristički izbor.
10:10
But maybe you don't feel that way either.
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Ali možda ne razmišljate ni tako.
10:13
Maybe you think, it's his phone.
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Možda smatrate, to je njegov telefon.
10:15
It's wrong to take his phone
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Pogrešno je uzeti njegov telefon
10:17
because he's a person
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jer je on osoba
10:19
and he has rights and he has dignity,
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i ima prava i dostojanstvo,
10:21
and we can't just interfere with that.
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i mi ne možemo da to prosto ometamo.
10:23
He has autonomy.
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On ima autonomiju.
10:25
It doesn't matter what the calculations are.
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Nema veze kakvi su proračuni.
10:27
There are things that are intrinsically wrong --
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Postoje stvari
koje su suštinski pogrešne -
koje su suštinski pogrešne -
10:30
like lying is wrong,
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kao što je laganje pogrešno,
10:32
like torturing innocent children is wrong.
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kao što je mučenje nevine dece pogrešno.
Kant je bio jako dobar po ovom pitanju,
10:35
Kant was very good on this point,
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a rekao je to malo bolje
nego što ću ja reći.
nego što ću ja reći.
10:38
and he said it a little better than I'll say it.
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10:40
He said we should use our reason
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Rekao je da treba da koristimo naš razum
10:42
to figure out the rules by which we should guide our conduct,
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da bismo shvatili pravila po kojima treba
da upravljamo našim ponašanjem,
da upravljamo našim ponašanjem,
10:45
and then it is our duty to follow those rules.
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a onda je naša dužnost
da sledimo ta pravila.
da sledimo ta pravila.
10:48
It's not a matter of calculation.
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To nije stvar proračuna.
10:51
So let's stop.
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Dakle, hajde da stanemo.
10:53
We're right in the thick of it, this philosophical thicket.
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Sad smo baš u sred ove filozofske vrzine.
10:56
And this goes on for thousands of years,
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I ovo se odvija hiljadama godina,
10:59
because these are hard questions,
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jer ovo su teška pitanja,
11:01
and I've only got 15 minutes.
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a ja imam samo 15 minuta.
11:03
So let's cut to the chase.
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Stoga pređimo na stvar.
11:05
How should we be making our decisions?
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Kako treba da donosimo naše odluke?
11:09
Is it Plato, is it Aristotle, is it Kant, is it Mill?
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Da li po Platonu, Aristotelu, Kantu, Milu?
11:12
What should we be doing? What's the answer?
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Šta bi trebalo da radimo? Šta je odgovor?
11:14
What's the formula that we can use in any situation
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Koju formulu možemo koristiti
u bilo kojoj situaciji
u bilo kojoj situaciji
11:17
to determine what we should do,
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da odredimo šta treba da radimo,
11:19
whether we should use that guy's data or not?
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da li treba da koristimo podatke
tog tipa ili ne?
tog tipa ili ne?
11:21
What's the formula?
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Koja je formula?
11:25
There's not a formula.
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Nema formule.
11:29
There's not a simple answer.
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Nema jednostavnog odgovora.
11:31
Ethics is hard.
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Etika je teška.
Etika zahteva promišljanje.
11:34
Ethics requires thinking.
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A to je neprijatno.
11:38
And that's uncomfortable.
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11:40
I know; I spent a lot of my career
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Ja znam;
proveo sam veliki deo svoje karijere
proveo sam veliki deo svoje karijere
11:42
in artificial intelligence,
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u veštačkoj inteligenciji,
11:44
trying to build machines that could do some of this thinking for us,
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pokušavajući da napravim mašine
koje bi mogle da misle umesto nas,
koje bi mogle da misle umesto nas,
11:47
that could give us answers.
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koje bi nam mogle dati odgovore.
11:49
But they can't.
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Ali one to ne mogu.
11:51
You can't just take human thinking
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Ne možete samo
da uzmete ljudsko razmišljanje
da uzmete ljudsko razmišljanje
11:53
and put it into a machine.
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i stavite ga u mašinu.
Mi smo oni koji treba to da čine.
11:55
We're the ones who have to do it.
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Srećom, mi nismo mašine,
i možemo to da činimo.
i možemo to da činimo.
11:58
Happily, we're not machines, and we can do it.
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12:01
Not only can we think,
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Ne samo da možemo da mislimo,
12:03
we must.
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moramo.
12:05
Hannah Arendt said,
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Hana Arent je rekla:
12:07
"The sad truth
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"Tužna istina
12:09
is that most evil done in this world
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je da najviše zla
počinjenog na ovom svetu
počinjenog na ovom svetu
12:11
is not done by people
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nisu počinili ljudi
12:13
who choose to be evil.
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koji su odabrali da budu zli.
12:15
It arises from not thinking."
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Proisteklo je iz nerazmišljanja."
12:18
That's what she called the "banality of evil."
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To je ono što je ona nazvala
"banalnošću zla."
"banalnošću zla."
12:22
And the response to that
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A odgovor na to
12:24
is that we demand the exercise of thinking
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je da zahtevamo vežbanje razmišljanja
12:26
from every sane person.
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od svake razumne osobe.
12:29
So let's do that. Let's think.
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Pa hajde da to radimo. Hajde da mislimo.
12:31
In fact, let's start right now.
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U stvari, hajde da počnemo baš sada.
12:34
Every person in this room do this:
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Neka svaka osoba
u ovoj prostoriji uradi ovo:
u ovoj prostoriji uradi ovo:
12:37
think of the last time you had a decision to make
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setite se poslednjeg puta
kada ste donosili odluku
kada ste donosili odluku
gde ste bili zabrinuti
da li ćete učiniti pravu stvar,
da li ćete učiniti pravu stvar,
12:40
where you were worried to do the right thing,
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12:42
where you wondered, "What should I be doing?"
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gde ste se pitali: "Šta treba da radim?"
12:44
Bring that to mind,
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Prizovite to u mislima
12:46
and now reflect on that
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i sada razmislite o tome
12:48
and say, "How did I come up that decision?
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i recite: "Kako sam došao do te odluke?"
12:51
What did I do? Did I follow my gut?
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Šta sam uradio?
Da li sam sledio svoju intuiciju?
Da li sam sledio svoju intuiciju?
12:54
Did I have somebody vote on it? Or did I punt to legal?"
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Da li sam dao nekome na glasanje?
Ili sam prepustio pravnicima?"
Ili sam prepustio pravnicima?"
12:56
Or now we have a few more choices.
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Ili sad imamo nešto više izbora.
12:59
"Did I evaluate what would be the highest pleasure
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"Da li sam procenio
šta bi bilo najveće zadovoljstvo
šta bi bilo najveće zadovoljstvo
13:01
like Mill would?
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kao što bi Mil uradio? Ili kao Kant,
13:03
Or like Kant, did I use reason to figure out what was intrinsically right?"
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da li sam koristio razum
da shvatim šta je suštinski ispravno?
da shvatim šta je suštinski ispravno?
13:06
Think about it. Really bring it to mind. This is important.
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Razmislite o tome. Zaista dozovite
ovo u mislima. Ovo je važno.
ovo u mislima. Ovo je važno.
13:09
It is so important
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Toliko je važno
da ćemo potrošiti 30 sekundi
dragocenog vremena TED govora
dragocenog vremena TED govora
13:11
we are going to spend 30 seconds of valuable TEDTalk time
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13:13
doing nothing but thinking about this.
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radeći ništa drugo
do razmišljanja o ovome.
do razmišljanja o ovome.
13:15
Are you ready? Go.
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Jeste li spremni? Krenite.
13:33
Stop. Good work.
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Stanite. Dobro urađeno.
13:36
What you just did,
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Ono što ste upravo uradili,
13:38
that's the first step towards taking responsibility
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to je prvi korak
ka preuzimanju odgovornosti
ka preuzimanju odgovornosti
13:40
for what we should do with all of our power.
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za ono što bi trebalo raditi
sa svom našom moći.
sa svom našom moći.
13:45
Now the next step -- try this.
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Sada sledeći korak - probajte ovo.
13:49
Go find a friend and explain to them
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Nađite prijatelja i objasnite im
13:51
how you made that decision.
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kako ste doneli tu odluku.
13:53
Not right now. Wait till I finish talking.
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Ne odmah.
Sačekajte da završim sa govorom.
Sačekajte da završim sa govorom.
13:55
Do it over lunch.
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Uradite to za vreme ručka.
13:57
And don't just find another technologist friend;
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I nemojte samo da nađete
drugog prijatelja tehnologa;
drugog prijatelja tehnologa;
14:00
find somebody different than you.
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nađite nekog ko je drugačiji od vas.
14:02
Find an artist or a writer --
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Nađite umetnika ili pisca -
14:04
or, heaven forbid, find a philosopher and talk to them.
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ili, bože sačuvaj,
nađite filozofa i pričajte sa njima.
nađite filozofa i pričajte sa njima.
14:07
In fact, find somebody from the humanities.
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U stvari, nađite nekog
iz humanističkih nauka.
iz humanističkih nauka.
14:09
Why? Because they think about problems
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Zašto? Zato što oni misle o problemima
14:11
differently than we do as technologists.
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drugačije nego mi kao tehnolozi.
14:13
Just a few days ago, right across the street from here,
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Pre samo nekoliko dana,
baš preko puta,
baš preko puta,
14:16
there was hundreds of people gathered together.
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stotine ljudi se okupilo.
14:18
It was technologists and humanists
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Bili su to tehnolozi i humanisti
14:20
at that big BiblioTech Conference.
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na toj velikoj BiblioTech konferenciji.
14:22
And they gathered together
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Okupili su se
14:24
because the technologists wanted to learn
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jer su tehnolozi hteli da saznaju
14:26
what it would be like to think from a humanities perspective.
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kako bi bilo
razmišljati iz humanističke perspektive.
razmišljati iz humanističke perspektive.
14:29
You have someone from Google
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Imate nekog iz Gugla ko razgovara
sa nekim ko se bavi
komparativnom književnošću.
komparativnom književnošću.
14:31
talking to someone who does comparative literature.
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14:33
You're thinking about the relevance of 17th century French theater --
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Razmišljate o značaju
francuskog pozorišta u XVII veku -
francuskog pozorišta u XVII veku -
14:36
how does that bear upon venture capital?
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kako se to odražava
na preduzetnički kapital?
na preduzetnički kapital?
14:38
Well that's interesting. That's a different way of thinking.
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Pa to je zanimljivo.
To je drugačiji način razmišljanja.
To je drugačiji način razmišljanja.
14:41
And when you think in that way,
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I kada razmišljate na taj način,
14:43
you become more sensitive to the human considerations,
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postajete osetljiviji na ljudske obzire,
14:46
which are crucial to making ethical decisions.
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koji su presudni
za donošenje etičkih odluka.
za donošenje etičkih odluka.
14:49
So imagine that right now
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Dakle, zamislite da ste sada
14:51
you went and you found your musician friend.
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otišli i pronašli
svog prijatelja muzičara.
svog prijatelja muzičara.
14:53
And you're telling him what we're talking about,
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Govorite mu o čemu smo pričali,
14:56
about our whole data revolution and all this --
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o toj revoluciji podataka
i svemu ovome -
i svemu ovome -
14:58
maybe even hum a few bars of our theme music.
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možda čak i otpevušite
nekoliko taktova naše muzičke teme.
nekoliko taktova naše muzičke teme.
15:00
♫ Dum ta da da dum dum ta da da dum ♫
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♫ Dum ta da da dum dum ta da da dum ♫
15:03
Well, your musician friend will stop you and say,
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Pa, vaš prijatelj muzičar
će vas zaustaviti i reći:
će vas zaustaviti i reći:
15:05
"You know, the theme music
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"Znaš, muzička tema
15:07
for your data revolution,
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iz tvoje revolucije podataka,
15:09
that's an opera, that's Wagner.
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to je opera, to je Vagner.
15:11
It's based on Norse legend.
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Zasnovana je na nordijskoj legendi.
15:13
It's Gods and mythical creatures
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Radi se o bogovima i mitskim stvorenjima
15:15
fighting over magical jewelry."
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koji se bore oko čarobnog nakita."
To je zanimljivo.
15:19
That's interesting.
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To je takođe prelepa opera,
15:22
Now it's also a beautiful opera,
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15:25
and we're moved by that opera.
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i dirnuti smo tom operom.
15:28
We're moved because it's about the battle
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Dirnuti smo jer je o bici
15:30
between good and evil,
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između dobra i zla,
15:32
about right and wrong.
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o ispravnom i pogrešnom.
15:34
And we care about right and wrong.
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A nama je stalo do ispravnog i pogrešnog.
15:36
We care what happens in that opera.
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Stalo nam je do toga
šta se dešava u toj operi.
šta se dešava u toj operi.
15:39
We care what happens in "Apocalypse Now."
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Stalo nam je do toga
šta se dešava u "Apokalipsi danas".
šta se dešava u "Apokalipsi danas".
15:42
And we certainly care
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I svakako nam je stalo
do toga šta se dešava
sa našim tehnologijama.
sa našim tehnologijama.
15:44
what happens with our technologies.
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15:46
We have so much power today,
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Imamo toliko moći danas,
15:48
it is up to us to figure out what to do,
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na nama je da shvatimo šta da radimo,
15:51
and that's the good news.
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a to su dobre vesti.
15:53
We're the ones writing this opera.
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Mi smo ti koji pišu ovu operu.
15:56
This is our movie.
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Ovo je naš film.
15:58
We figure out what will happen with this technology.
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Mi otkrivamo
šta će se dogoditi sa ovom tehnologijom.
šta će se dogoditi sa ovom tehnologijom.
16:01
We determine how this will all end.
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Mi određujemo kako će se sve ovo završiti.
16:04
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
16:06
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneurDamon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities.
Why you should listen
Damon Horowitz is a philosophy professor and serial entrepreneur. He recently joined Google as In-House Philosopher / Director of Engineering, heading development of several initiatives involving social and search. He came to Google from Aardvark, the social search engine, where he was co-founder and CTO, overseeing product development and research strategy. Prior to Aardvark, Horowitz built several companies around applications of intelligent language processing. He co-founded Perspecta (acquired by Excite), was lead architect for Novation Biosciences (acquired by Agilent), and co-founded NewsDB (now Daylife).
Horowitz teaches courses in philosophy, cognitive science, and computer science at several institutions, including Stanford, NYU, University of Pennsylvania and San Quentin State Prison.
Get more information on the Prison University Project >>
Damon Horowitz | Speaker | TED.com