TEDxSiliconValley
Damon Horowitz: We need a "moral operating system"
Damon Horowitz poziva na "moralni operativni sustav"
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Na TEDxSilikonskaDolina, Damon Horowitz razmatra ogromne nove moći koje nam je dala tehnologija: znati više -- i sve više jedni o drugima -- nego ikada prije. Uvlačenjem publike u filozofsku raspravu, Horowitz nas poziva da iznova obratimo pozornost na osnovnu filozofiju -- etička načela -- iza sve te bure oko inoviranja i preoblikovanja našeg svijeta. Gdje je moralni operativni sustav koji nam omogućuje stvaranje smisla?
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneur
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities. Full bio
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Power.
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Moć.
00:17
That is the word that comes to mind.
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To je riječ koja nam pada na pamet.
00:19
We're the new technologists.
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Mi smo novi tehnolozi.
00:21
We have a lot of data, so we have a lot of power.
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Imamo puno podataka, stoga imamo puno moći.
00:24
How much power do we have?
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Koliko moći imamo?
00:26
Scene from a movie: "Apocalypse Now" -- great movie.
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Scena iz filma "Apokalipsa danas" -- sjajnog filma.
00:29
We've got to get our hero, Captain Willard, to the mouth of the Nung River
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Moramo dovesti našeg junaka, kapetana Willarda, do ušća rijeke Nung
00:32
so he can go pursue Colonel Kurtz.
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kako bi mogao krenuti za pukovnikom Kurtzom.
00:34
The way we're going to do this is fly him in and drop him off.
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To ćemo postići tako da ga ukrcamo u avion i ostavimo tamo.
00:36
So the scene:
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Ovako ide scena:
00:38
the sky is filled with this fleet of helicopters carrying him in.
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nebo je prepuno helikoptera koji ga prevoze
00:41
And there's this loud, thrilling music in the background,
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u pozadini je glasna, uzbudljiva,
00:43
this wild music.
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divlja glazba.
00:45
♫ Dum da ta da dum ♫
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♫ Dum da ta da dum ♫
00:47
♫ Dum da ta da dum ♫
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♫ Dum da ta da dum ♫
00:49
♫ Da ta da da ♫
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♫ Da ta da da ♫
00:52
That's a lot of power.
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To je puno moći.
00:54
That's the kind of power I feel in this room.
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Takvu vrstu moći osjećam u ovoj prostoriji.
00:56
That's the kind of power we have
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Mi imamo tu vrstu moći
00:58
because of all of the data that we have.
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zbog svih tih podataka koje imamo.
01:00
Let's take an example.
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Na primjer,
01:02
What can we do
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što možemo učiniti
01:04
with just one person's data?
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s podacima jedne jedine osobe?
01:07
What can we do
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Što možemo
01:09
with that guy's data?
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s podacima ovog tipa?
01:11
I can look at your financial records.
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Mogu pogledati vaše financijsko stanje.
01:13
I can tell if you pay your bills on time.
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Mogu reći plaćate li račune na vrijeme.
01:15
I know if you're good to give a loan to.
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Znam jeste li kreditno sposobni.
01:17
I can look at your medical records; I can see if your pump is still pumping --
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Mogu pogledati vaše zdravstveno stanje, vidjeti radi li vam još srce,
01:20
see if you're good to offer insurance to.
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jeste li pogodni za osiguranje.
01:23
I can look at your clicking patterns.
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Mogu pogledati uzorak vaših klikova.
01:25
When you come to my website, I actually know what you're going to do already
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Kada dođete na moju web stranicu, već znam što ćete učiniti,
01:28
because I've seen you visit millions of websites before.
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jer sam već vidio kako posjećujete milijune web stranica.
01:30
And I'm sorry to tell you,
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Žao mi je što vam to moram reći,
01:32
you're like a poker player, you have a tell.
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ali vi ste kao igrač pokera, imate tik.
01:34
I can tell with data analysis what you're going to do
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Analizom podataka mogu reći što namjeravate učiniti
01:36
before you even do it.
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prije nego što to učinite.
01:38
I know what you like. I know who you are,
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Znam što volite. Znam tko ste.
01:41
and that's even before I look at your mail
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I sve to prije nego što sam pogledao vašu poštu
01:43
or your phone.
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ili vaš telefon.
01:45
Those are the kinds of things we can do
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To su stvari koje možemo učiniti
01:47
with the data that we have.
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s podacima koje imamo.
01:50
But I'm not actually here to talk about what we can do.
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No, zapravo nisam ovdje da bih govorio o stvarima koje možemo učiniti.
01:56
I'm here to talk about what we should do.
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Ovdje sam kako bih govorio o onome što bismo trebali učiniti.
02:00
What's the right thing to do?
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Što je ispravno?
02:04
Now I see some puzzled looks
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Vidim neke začuđene poglede, u stilu
02:06
like, "Why are you asking us what's the right thing to do?
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"Zašto nas pitaš što je ispravno?
02:09
We're just building this stuff. Somebody else is using it."
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Mi samo stvaramo te stvari. Netko drugi ih koristi".
02:12
Fair enough.
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Pošteno.
02:15
But it brings me back.
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To me vraća unatrag.
02:17
I think about World War II --
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Razmišljam o 2. svjetskom ratu --
02:19
some of our great technologists then,
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nekima od ondašnjih velikih tehnologa,
02:21
some of our great physicists,
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nekim velikim fizičarima,
02:23
studying nuclear fission and fusion --
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koji su studirali fisiju i fuziju,
02:25
just nuclear stuff.
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nuklearne stvari.
02:27
We gather together these physicists in Los Alamos
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Okupimo te fizičare u Los Alamosu
02:30
to see what they'll build.
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da vidimo što će stvoriti.
02:33
We want the people building the technology
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Želimo da ljudi stvaraju tehnologiju
02:36
thinking about what we should be doing with the technology.
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razmišljajući o tome što bismo pomoću nje trebali činiti.
02:41
So what should we be doing with that guy's data?
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Onda, što bismo trebali učiniti s podacima tog tipa?
02:44
Should we be collecting it, gathering it,
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Bismo li ih trebali skupljati, grupirati,
02:47
so we can make his online experience better?
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kako bismo unaprijedili njegovo online iskustvo?
02:49
So we can make money?
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Kako bismo zaradili?
02:51
So we can protect ourselves
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Kako bismo zaštitili sebe
02:53
if he was up to no good?
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ako bi on imao loše namjere?
02:55
Or should we respect his privacy,
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Ili bismo trebali poštovati njegovu privatnost,
02:58
protect his dignity and leave him alone?
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zaštititi njegovo dostojanstvo i pustiti ga na miru?
03:02
Which one is it?
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Što je ispravno?
03:05
How should we figure it out?
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Kako ćemo to doznati?
03:07
I know: crowdsource. Let's crowdsource this.
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Znam: crowd source. Idemo ovo "crowdsourceati".
03:11
So to get people warmed up,
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Za zagrijavanje,
03:14
let's start with an easy question --
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krenimo s laganim pitanjem --
03:16
something I'm sure everybody here has an opinion about:
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s nečim o čemu sigurno svi prisutni imaju mišljenje:
03:19
iPhone versus Android.
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iPhone ili Android.
03:21
Let's do a show of hands -- iPhone.
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Dignimo ruke -- iPhone.
03:24
Uh huh.
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Opa.
03:26
Android.
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Android.
03:29
You'd think with a bunch of smart people
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Čovjek bi pomislio da ovoliko pametnih ljudi
03:31
we wouldn't be such suckers just for the pretty phones.
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ne bi tako lako palo samo na lijepe telefone.
03:33
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:35
Next question,
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Sljedeće pitanje,
03:37
a little bit harder.
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malo teže.
03:39
Should we be collecting all of that guy's data
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Bismo li trebali prikupljati sve podatke tog tipa
03:41
to make his experiences better
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kako bismo poboljšali njegova iskustva
03:43
and to protect ourselves in case he's up to no good?
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i zaštitili se u slučaju njegovih loših namjera --
03:46
Or should we leave him alone?
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ili bismo ga trebali pustiti na miru?
03:48
Collect his data.
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Prikupi podatke.
03:53
Leave him alone.
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Ostavi ga na miru.
03:56
You're safe. It's fine.
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U redu je, sigurni ste.
03:58
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:00
Okay, last question --
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U redu, zadnje pitanje --
04:02
harder question --
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teže pitanje --
04:04
when trying to evaluate
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u procesu procjene
04:07
what we should do in this case,
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što bismo trebali učiniti u ovom slučaju,
04:10
should we use a Kantian deontological moral framework,
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trebamo li koristiti Kantov deontološki moralni okvir
04:14
or should we use a Millian consequentialist one?
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ili Millov posljedični?
04:19
Kant.
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Kant.
04:22
Mill.
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Mill.
04:25
Not as many votes.
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Nema baš puno glasova.
04:27
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:30
Yeah, that's a terrifying result.
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Da, to je zastrašujuć rezultat.
04:34
Terrifying, because we have stronger opinions
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Zastrašujuće je to da imamo snažnija mišljenja
04:38
about our hand-held devices
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o svojim mobilnim uređajima
04:40
than about the moral framework
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nego o moralnom okviru
04:42
we should use to guide our decisions.
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koji bi nas trebao voditi pri odlučivanju.
04:44
How do we know what to do with all the power we have
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Kako možemo znati što činiti sa svom tom moći koju imamo
04:47
if we don't have a moral framework?
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ako nemamo moralni okvir?
04:50
We know more about mobile operating systems,
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Više znamo o mobilnim operativnim sustavima,
04:53
but what we really need is a moral operating system.
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ali ono što nam zaista treba je moralni operativni sustav.
04:58
What's a moral operating system?
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Što je moralni operativni sustav?
05:00
We all know right and wrong, right?
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Svi znamo da postoji ispravno i pogrešno, zar ne?
05:02
You feel good when you do something right,
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Osjećate se dobro kada učinite nešto ispravno,
05:04
you feel bad when you do something wrong.
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a loše kada učinite nešto pogrešno.
05:06
Our parents teach us that: praise with the good, scold with the bad.
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Roditelji nas uče: dobro treba hvaliti, loše grditi.
05:09
But how do we figure out what's right and wrong?
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No, kako razlikovati ispravno od pogrešnog?
05:12
And from day to day, we have the techniques that we use.
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Iz dana u dan, koristimo razne tehnike.
05:15
Maybe we just follow our gut.
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Možda samo slijedimo vlastiti predosjećaj.
05:18
Maybe we take a vote -- we crowdsource.
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Možda glasujemo -- koristimo crowd source,
05:21
Or maybe we punt --
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a možda odustanemo --
05:23
ask the legal department, see what they say.
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pitamo pravnike da vidimo što će oni reći.
05:26
In other words, it's kind of random,
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Drugim riječima, to je nasumično,
05:28
kind of ad hoc,
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zapravo ad hoc,
05:30
how we figure out what we should do.
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kako zaključujemo što bismo trebali učiniti.
05:33
And maybe, if we want to be on surer footing,
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Možda je, ako želimo biti sigurniji,
05:36
what we really want is a moral framework that will help guide us there,
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ono što zbilja želimo moralni okvir koji će nam biti nit vodilja,
05:39
that will tell us what kinds of things are right and wrong in the first place,
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koji će nam reći koje su stvari ispravne, a koje pogrešne
05:42
and how would we know in a given situation what to do.
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i kako bismo u nekoj situaciji znali što učiniti.
05:46
So let's get a moral framework.
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Stoga stvorimo moralni okvir.
05:48
We're numbers people, living by numbers.
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Mi smo ljudi od brojki, živimo od brojeva.
05:51
How can we use numbers
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Kako možemo iskoristiti brojeve
05:53
as the basis for a moral framework?
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kao temelj moralnog okvira?
05:56
I know a guy who did exactly that.
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Znam tipa koji je učinio upravo to,
05:59
A brilliant guy --
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briljantan tip --
06:02
he's been dead 2,500 years.
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mrtav je već 2.500 godina.
06:05
Plato, that's right.
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Platon, tako je.
06:07
Remember him -- old philosopher?
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Sjećate se tog starog filozofa?
06:09
You were sleeping during that class.
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Spavali ste na tom satu.
06:12
And Plato, he had a lot of the same concerns that we did.
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Platona su brinule iste stvari kao nas sada.
06:14
He was worried about right and wrong.
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Brinuo je oko ispravnog i pogrešnog.
06:16
He wanted to know what is just.
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Želio je znati što je pravedno,
06:18
But he was worried that all we seem to be doing
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ali je brinuo da je sve što činimo
06:20
is trading opinions about this.
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samo razmjena mišljenja o tome.
06:22
He says something's just. She says something else is just.
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On kaže da je nešto pravedno. Ona kaže da je nešto drugo pravedno.
06:25
It's kind of convincing when he talks and when she talks too.
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Dok govore, prilično su uvjerljivi i jedan i drugi.
06:27
I'm just going back and forth; I'm not getting anywhere.
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Idem naprijed-natrag; nikamo ne stižem.
06:29
I don't want opinions; I want knowledge.
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Ne želim mišljenja, želim znanje.
06:32
I want to know the truth about justice --
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Želim znati istinu o pravdi --
06:35
like we have truths in math.
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baš kao što imamo istine u matematici.
06:38
In math, we know the objective facts.
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U matematici znamo objektivne činjenice.
06:41
Take a number, any number -- two.
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Uzmimo neki, bilo koji broj -- dva.
06:43
Favorite number. I love that number.
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Omiljeni broj, volim taj broj.
06:45
There are truths about two.
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Postoje istine o dva.
06:47
If you've got two of something,
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Ako imate dva nečega,
06:49
you add two more, you get four.
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i dodate još dva, dobivate četiri.
06:51
That's true no matter what thing you're talking about.
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To je istina, bez obzira o čemu govorili.
06:53
It's an objective truth about the form of two,
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To je objektivna istina o obliku dva,
06:55
the abstract form.
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apstraktnom obliku.
06:57
When you have two of anything -- two eyes, two ears, two noses,
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Kada imate bilo što dva -- dva oka, dva uha, dva nosa,
06:59
just two protrusions --
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samo dvije izbočine --
07:01
those all partake of the form of two.
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sve to sačinjava oblik dva.
07:04
They all participate in the truths that two has.
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Sve to sudjeluje u istinama koje posjeduje dva.
07:08
They all have two-ness in them.
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Svi oni imaju dva-nost u sebi.
07:10
And therefore, it's not a matter of opinion.
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Stoga, to nije stvar mišljenja.
07:13
What if, Plato thought,
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Što ako je, mislio je Platon,
07:15
ethics was like math?
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etika poput matematike?
07:17
What if there were a pure form of justice?
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Što ako postoji čisti oblik pravde?
07:20
What if there are truths about justice,
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Što ako postoje istine o pravdi
07:22
and you could just look around in this world
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i možete samo pogledati ovaj svijet oko sebe,
07:24
and see which things participated,
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vidjeti koje stvari sudjeluju,
07:26
partook of that form of justice?
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sačinjavaju taj oblik pravde?
07:29
Then you would know what was really just and what wasn't.
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Tada biste znali što je zaista pravedno, a što nije.
07:32
It wouldn't be a matter
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To ne bi bio predmet
07:34
of just opinion or just appearances.
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mišljenja ili predodžbi.
07:37
That's a stunning vision.
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To je zapanjujuća vizija.
07:39
I mean, think about that. How grand. How ambitious.
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Promislite o tome -- kako veliko, kako ambiciozno.
07:42
That's as ambitious as we are.
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Ambiciozno baš poput nas.
07:44
He wants to solve ethics.
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On želi riješiti etiku.
07:46
He wants objective truths.
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On želi objektivne istine.
07:48
If you think that way,
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Ako razmišljate na taj način,
07:51
you have a Platonist moral framework.
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imate platonistički moralni okvir.
07:54
If you don't think that way,
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Ako ne razmišljate tako,
07:56
well, you have a lot of company in the history of Western philosophy,
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u tome imate puno istomišljenika u povijesti zapadne filozofije,
07:58
because the tidy idea, you know, people criticized it.
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zbog čistoće ideje -- znate, ljudi su ju kritizirali.
08:01
Aristotle, in particular, he was not amused.
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Aristotela, na primjer, to nije zabavljalo.
08:04
He thought it was impractical.
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Mislio je da je nepraktična.
08:07
Aristotle said, "We should seek only so much precision in each subject
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Aristotel je rekao: "Trebali bismo tražiti onoliko preciznosti u svakom predmetu
08:11
as that subject allows."
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koliko taj predmet dopušta".
08:13
Aristotle thought ethics wasn't a lot like math.
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Aristotel nije mislio da je etika slična matematici.
08:16
He thought ethics was a matter of making decisions in the here-and-now
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Mislio je da je etika predmet donošenja odluka "ovdje i sada"
08:19
using our best judgment
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pomoću naše najbolje procjene
08:21
to find the right path.
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u pronalasku pravog puta.
08:23
If you think that, Plato's not your guy.
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Ako tako razmišljate, Platon nije vaš tip,
08:25
But don't give up.
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ali ne dajte se,
08:27
Maybe there's another way
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možda postoji drugi način
08:29
that we can use numbers as the basis of our moral framework.
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na koji možemo iskoristiti brojeve za temelj našeg moralnog okvira.
08:33
How about this:
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Što kažete na ovo:
08:35
What if in any situation you could just calculate,
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Što ako bi u bilo kojoj situaciji mogli samo izračunati,
08:38
look at the choices,
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pogledati što se nudi,
08:40
measure out which one's better and know what to do?
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izmjeriti što je bolje i znati što učiniti?
08:43
That sound familiar?
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Zvuči poznato?
08:45
That's a utilitarian moral framework.
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To je utilitaristički moralni okvir.
08:48
John Stuart Mill was a great advocate of this --
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John Stuart Mill je bio veliki zagovornik ovoga --
08:50
nice guy besides --
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osim toga, bio je dobar tip --
08:52
and only been dead 200 years.
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a mrtav je samo 200 godina.
08:54
So basis of utilitarianism --
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Dakle, temelji utilitarizma --
08:56
I'm sure you're familiar at least.
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siguran sam da su vam poznati.
08:58
The three people who voted for Mill before are familiar with this.
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Troje ljudi koji su glasovali za Milla ranije su upoznati s ovim.
09:00
But here's the way it works.
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No, evo kako to funkcionira.
09:02
What if morals, what if what makes something moral
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Što ako je moral, odnosno ono što nešto čini moralnim
09:05
is just a matter of if it maximizes pleasure
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samo pitanje povećavanja užitka
09:07
and minimizes pain?
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i smanjivanja boli?
09:09
It does something intrinsic to the act.
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Radi nešto svojstveno tom činu,
09:12
It's not like its relation to some abstract form.
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a ne odnosi se na neki apstraktni oblik.
09:14
It's just a matter of the consequences.
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Samo je pitanje posljedica.
09:16
You just look at the consequences
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Gledate samo posljedice
09:18
and see if, overall, it's for the good or for the worse.
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i vidite je li, u cjelini, to nešto za dobru ili lošu svrhu.
09:20
That would be simple. Then we know what to do.
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To bi bilo jednostavno i tada bismo znali što učiniti.
09:22
Let's take an example.
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Pogledajmo primjer.
09:24
Suppose I go up
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Recimo da odem gore
09:26
and I say, "I'm going to take your phone."
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i kažem: "Uzet ću ti mobitel".
09:28
Not just because it rang earlier,
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Ne zato što je ranije zazvonio,
09:30
but I'm going to take it because I made a little calculation.
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već zato što sam napravio jedan mali izračun.
09:33
I thought, that guy looks suspicious.
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Pomislio sam, ovaj tip izgleda sumnjivo.
09:36
And what if he's been sending little messages to Bin Laden's hideout --
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Što ako šalje porukice u Bin Ladenovo skrovište --
09:39
or whoever took over after Bin Laden --
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ili nekome tko je naslijedio Bin Ladena --
09:41
and he's actually like a terrorist, a sleeper cell.
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i zapravo je poput terorista, krtica.
09:44
I'm going to find that out, and when I find that out,
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Saznat ću što se događa i kad saznam,
09:47
I'm going to prevent a huge amount of damage that he could cause.
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spriječit ću ogromnu štetu koju je mogao izazvati.
09:50
That has a very high utility to prevent that damage.
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Od sprječavanja te štete imamo veliku korist,
09:53
And compared to the little pain that it's going to cause --
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u usporedbi s malom boli koju ćemo izazvati
09:55
because it's going to be embarrassing when I'm looking on his phone
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jer će biti osramoćen kada mu pregledam mobitel
09:57
and seeing that he has a Farmville problem and that whole bit --
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i vidim da ima problem u Farmvilleu, jer sve je to
10:00
that's overwhelmed
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nadvladala
10:03
by the value of looking at the phone.
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vrijednost pregledavanja njegovog mobitela.
10:05
If you feel that way,
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Ako se ovako osjećate,
10:07
that's a utilitarian choice.
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to je utilitaristički izbor.
10:10
But maybe you don't feel that way either.
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No, možda se ne osjećate ni ovako,
10:13
Maybe you think, it's his phone.
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možda mislite: "To je njegov mobitel,
10:15
It's wrong to take his phone
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pogrešno je uzeti njegov mobitel
10:17
because he's a person
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jer je on osoba
10:19
and he has rights and he has dignity,
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koja ima prava i dostojanstvo
10:21
and we can't just interfere with that.
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i ne možemo se u to uplitati".
10:23
He has autonomy.
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On ima autonomiju,
10:25
It doesn't matter what the calculations are.
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neovisno o izračunima,
10:27
There are things that are intrinsically wrong --
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postoje stvari koje su same po sebi pogrešne --
10:30
like lying is wrong,
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kao što je laganje pogrešno,
10:32
like torturing innocent children is wrong.
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kao što je mučenje nevine djece pogrešno.
10:35
Kant was very good on this point,
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Kant je u ovome bio jako dobar
10:38
and he said it a little better than I'll say it.
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i rekao je to malo bolje nego što ću ja reći.
10:40
He said we should use our reason
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Rekao je da bismo trebali upotrijebiti naš razum
10:42
to figure out the rules by which we should guide our conduct,
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kako bismo otkrili pravila po kojima ćemo voditi svoje ponašanje.
10:45
and then it is our duty to follow those rules.
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Naša je dužnost slijediti ta pravila.
10:48
It's not a matter of calculation.
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To nije stvar izračuna.
10:51
So let's stop.
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Stoga, prestanimo.
10:53
We're right in the thick of it, this philosophical thicket.
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Upravo smo u srži ove filozofske zavrzlame
10:56
And this goes on for thousands of years,
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koja se nastavlja tisućama godina,
10:59
because these are hard questions,
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jer se radi o teškim pitanjima,
11:01
and I've only got 15 minutes.
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a ja imam samo 15 minuta.
11:03
So let's cut to the chase.
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Zato prijeđimo na stvar.
11:05
How should we be making our decisions?
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Kako bismo trebali donositi naše odluke?
11:09
Is it Plato, is it Aristotle, is it Kant, is it Mill?
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Kao Platon, Aristotel, Kant ili Mill?
11:12
What should we be doing? What's the answer?
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Što bismo trebali činiti, što je odgovor?
11:14
What's the formula that we can use in any situation
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Koja je formula koju možemo upotrijebiti u bilo kojoj situaciji
11:17
to determine what we should do,
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kako bismo odlučili što trebamo napraviti,
11:19
whether we should use that guy's data or not?
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hoćemo li upotrijebiti podatke tog tipa ili ne?
11:21
What's the formula?
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Koja je formula?
11:25
There's not a formula.
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Nema formule.
11:29
There's not a simple answer.
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Nema jednostavnog odgovora.
11:31
Ethics is hard.
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Etika je teška.
11:34
Ethics requires thinking.
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Etika zahtijeva razmišljanje,
11:38
And that's uncomfortable.
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a to je neugodno.
11:40
I know; I spent a lot of my career
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To znam jer sam potrošio dobar dio karijere
11:42
in artificial intelligence,
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na umjetnu inteligenciju,
11:44
trying to build machines that could do some of this thinking for us,
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pokušavajući napraviti strojeve koji bi mogli malo razmišljati umjesto nas,
11:47
that could give us answers.
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dati nam odgovore --
11:49
But they can't.
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ali oni to ne mogu.
11:51
You can't just take human thinking
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Naprosto ne možeš uzeti ljudsko razmišljanje
11:53
and put it into a machine.
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i staviti ga u stroj.
11:55
We're the ones who have to do it.
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To moramo učiniti sami.
11:58
Happily, we're not machines, and we can do it.
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Srećom, nismo strojevi pa možemo.
12:01
Not only can we think,
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Ne samo da možemo razmišljati,
12:03
we must.
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već moramo.
12:05
Hannah Arendt said,
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Hannah Arendt je rekla:
12:07
"The sad truth
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"Tužna istina je
12:09
is that most evil done in this world
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da najveća zla na ovome svijetu
12:11
is not done by people
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nisu počinili ljudi
12:13
who choose to be evil.
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zato što su odabrali biti zli
12:15
It arises from not thinking."
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nego zato što nisu razmišljali".
12:18
That's what she called the "banality of evil."
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Ona to naziva "banalnošću zla".
12:22
And the response to that
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Kao odgovor na to,
12:24
is that we demand the exercise of thinking
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zahtijevamo vježbu razmišljanja
12:26
from every sane person.
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od svake zdrave osobe.
12:29
So let's do that. Let's think.
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Stoga, učinimo to. Razmišljajmo.
12:31
In fact, let's start right now.
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Zapravo, krenimo odmah.
12:34
Every person in this room do this:
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Neka svaka osoba u ovoj prostoriji učini ovo:
12:37
think of the last time you had a decision to make
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prisjetite se kada ste zadnji put morali donijeti odluku
12:40
where you were worried to do the right thing,
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i bili ste zabrinuti činite li ispravnu stvar,
12:42
where you wondered, "What should I be doing?"
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pitali ste se: "Što bih trebao učiniti?"
12:44
Bring that to mind,
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Prisjetite se toga
12:46
and now reflect on that
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i sada promislite o tome
12:48
and say, "How did I come up that decision?
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pa recite: "Kako sam došao do te odluke?
12:51
What did I do? Did I follow my gut?
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Što sam učinio? Jesam li slijedio svoj predosjećaj?
12:54
Did I have somebody vote on it? Or did I punt to legal?"
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Jesam li izglasavao ili pitao pravnike?"
12:56
Or now we have a few more choices.
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Sada ipak imamo nešto više izbora.
12:59
"Did I evaluate what would be the highest pleasure
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"Jesam li procjenjivao što bi bio najveći užitak,
13:01
like Mill would?
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poput Milla?
13:03
Or like Kant, did I use reason to figure out what was intrinsically right?"
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Ili sam, poput Kanta, koristio razum kako bih otkrio što je dobro samo po sebi?"
13:06
Think about it. Really bring it to mind. This is important.
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Razmislite o tome. Stvarno se prisjetite, ovo je važno.
13:09
It is so important
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Toliko je važno
13:11
we are going to spend 30 seconds of valuable TEDTalk time
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da ćemo potrošiti 30 sekundi vrijednog TEDTalk vremena
13:13
doing nothing but thinking about this.
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ne radeći ništa osim razmišljanja o ovome.
13:15
Are you ready? Go.
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Jeste li spremni? Krenite.
13:33
Stop. Good work.
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Stanite. Dobar posao.
13:36
What you just did,
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Ovo što ste upravo učinili
13:38
that's the first step towards taking responsibility
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prvi je korak prema preuzimanju odgovornosti
13:40
for what we should do with all of our power.
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za ono što trebamo učiniti sa svom svojom moći.
13:45
Now the next step -- try this.
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Na redu je sljedeći korak -- probajte ovo.
13:49
Go find a friend and explain to them
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Nađite prijatelja i objasnite mu
13:51
how you made that decision.
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kako ste došli do te odluke.
13:53
Not right now. Wait till I finish talking.
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Ne sada, čekajte dok završim s govorom.
13:55
Do it over lunch.
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Za vrijeme ručka.
13:57
And don't just find another technologist friend;
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Nemojte naći još jednog prijatelja-tehnologa,
14:00
find somebody different than you.
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nego nekoga drukčijeg od vas.
14:02
Find an artist or a writer --
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Pronađite umjetnika ili pisca --
14:04
or, heaven forbid, find a philosopher and talk to them.
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ili, ne daj Bože, filozofa -- i popričajte s njim.
14:07
In fact, find somebody from the humanities.
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Zapravo, pronađite nekoga iz humanistike.
14:09
Why? Because they think about problems
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Zašto? Zato što oni razmišljaju o problemima
14:11
differently than we do as technologists.
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drukčije nego mi, tehnolozi.
14:13
Just a few days ago, right across the street from here,
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Prije par dana, na ulici točno preko puta odavde,
14:16
there was hundreds of people gathered together.
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skupilo se na stotine ljudi.
14:18
It was technologists and humanists
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Bili su to tehnolozi i humanisti
14:20
at that big BiblioTech Conference.
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u sklopu velike BiblioTech konferencije.
14:22
And they gathered together
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Okupili su se
14:24
because the technologists wanted to learn
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jer su tehnolozi željeli naučiti
14:26
what it would be like to think from a humanities perspective.
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kako bi bilo razmišljati iz humanističke perspektive.
14:29
You have someone from Google
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Dakle, netko iz Googlea
14:31
talking to someone who does comparative literature.
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razgovrara s nekim tko se bavi komparativnom književnošću.
14:33
You're thinking about the relevance of 17th century French theater --
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Vi razmišljate o tome kakve veze ima francusko kazalište iz 17. stoljeća
14:36
how does that bear upon venture capital?
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s rizičnim kapitalom?
14:38
Well that's interesting. That's a different way of thinking.
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To je zanimljivo. To je drukčiji način razmišljanja.
14:41
And when you think in that way,
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Kada razmišljate na taj način,
14:43
you become more sensitive to the human considerations,
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postajete osjetljiviji prema pitanju ljudi,
14:46
which are crucial to making ethical decisions.
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što je ključno kod donošenja etičkih odluka.
14:49
So imagine that right now
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Zamislite da ste sada
14:51
you went and you found your musician friend.
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otišli i sreli svog prijatelja glazbenika
14:53
And you're telling him what we're talking about,
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i da mu pričate o ovome o čemu smo sada govorili,
14:56
about our whole data revolution and all this --
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o cijeloj revoluciji podataka i svemu tome --
14:58
maybe even hum a few bars of our theme music.
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možda čak zapjevate pokoji takt glazbene teme.
15:00
♫ Dum ta da da dum dum ta da da dum ♫
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♫ Dum ta da da dum dum ta da da dum ♫
15:03
Well, your musician friend will stop you and say,
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Vaš prijatelj glazbenik bi vas zaustavio i rekao:
15:05
"You know, the theme music
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"Znaš, ta glazbena tema
15:07
for your data revolution,
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iz tvoje revolucije podataka
15:09
that's an opera, that's Wagner.
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je opera. To je Wagner.
15:11
It's based on Norse legend.
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Utemeljena je na nordijskoj legendi
15:13
It's Gods and mythical creatures
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prema kojoj se bogovi i mitska bića
15:15
fighting over magical jewelry."
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bore za čarobni nakit".
15:19
That's interesting.
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To je zanimljivo.
15:22
Now it's also a beautiful opera,
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To je predivna opera
15:25
and we're moved by that opera.
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i ganuti smo njome.
15:28
We're moved because it's about the battle
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Ganuti smo jer se radi o borbi
15:30
between good and evil,
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između dobra i zla,
15:32
about right and wrong.
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između ispravnog i pogrešnog,
15:34
And we care about right and wrong.
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a nama je stalo do ispravnog i pogrešnog.
15:36
We care what happens in that opera.
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Stalo nam je do toga što će se dogoditi u toj operi.
15:39
We care what happens in "Apocalypse Now."
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Stalo nam je do toga što će se dogoditi u "Apokalipsi danas"
15:42
And we certainly care
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i svakako nam je stalo
15:44
what happens with our technologies.
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što će se dogoditi s našim tehnologijama.
15:46
We have so much power today,
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Danas imamo toliko moći
15:48
it is up to us to figure out what to do,
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i sami moramo odlučiti što ćemo učiniti.
15:51
and that's the good news.
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To su dobre vijesti.
15:53
We're the ones writing this opera.
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Mi smo skladatelji ove opere.
15:56
This is our movie.
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Ovo je naš film.
15:58
We figure out what will happen with this technology.
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Mi otkrivamo što će se dogoditi s ovom tehnologijom.
16:01
We determine how this will all end.
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Mi odlučujemo kako će sve ovo završiti.
16:04
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
16:06
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneurDamon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities.
Why you should listen
Damon Horowitz is a philosophy professor and serial entrepreneur. He recently joined Google as In-House Philosopher / Director of Engineering, heading development of several initiatives involving social and search. He came to Google from Aardvark, the social search engine, where he was co-founder and CTO, overseeing product development and research strategy. Prior to Aardvark, Horowitz built several companies around applications of intelligent language processing. He co-founded Perspecta (acquired by Excite), was lead architect for Novation Biosciences (acquired by Agilent), and co-founded NewsDB (now Daylife).
Horowitz teaches courses in philosophy, cognitive science, and computer science at several institutions, including Stanford, NYU, University of Pennsylvania and San Quentin State Prison.
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Damon Horowitz | Speaker | TED.com