TEDNYC
Andrew Dent: To eliminate waste, we need to rediscover thrift
Endru Dent (Andrew Dent): Da bismo eliminisali otpad, treba da ponovo otkrijemo štednju
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Ne postoji bacanje nečega, kaže Endru Dent. Kada bacite posudu za hranu, slomljenu igračku ili stare čarape u smeće, te stvari neizbežno završe na deponijama koje se stalno povećavaju. Ali, možemo postati pametniji u pogledu načina na koji pravimo i iznova sastavljamo proizvode. Dent deli uzbudljive primere štednje - ideje da koristite i ponovo upotrebite ono što vam treba, tako da ne morate kupovati ništa novo - kao i napredaka u nauci o materijalima, poput elektronike od nanoceluloze i enzima koji mogu pomoći da se plastika beskrajno reciklira.
Andrew Dent - Material innovator
A leading expert on sustainable materials, Andrew Dent has played an important part in creating a new generation of more sustainable products. Full bio
A leading expert on sustainable materials, Andrew Dent has played an important part in creating a new generation of more sustainable products. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Let's talk about thrift.
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Hajde da razgovaramo o štednji.
00:15
Thrift is a concept where you
reduce, reuse and recycle,
reduce, reuse and recycle,
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Štednja je koncept da smanjite upotrebu,
iznova koristite i reciklirate,
iznova koristite i reciklirate,
00:19
but yet with an economic aspect
I think has a real potential for change.
I think has a real potential for change.
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ali smatram da tek uz ekonomski aspekt
ima pravi potencijal da donese promenu.
ima pravi potencijal da donese promenu.
00:25
My grandmother, she knew about thrift.
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Moja baba je znala za štednju.
00:27
This is her string jar.
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Ovo je njena tegla sa kanapima.
00:29
She never bought any string.
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Nikada nije kupovala kanape.
00:30
Basically, she would collect string.
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Ona bi ih u suštini sakupljala.
00:32
It would come from the butcher's,
it would come from presents.
it would come from presents.
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Dobila bi kanap kod mesara,
našla bi ga na poklonima.
našla bi ga na poklonima.
Stavila bi ga u teglu
i koristila kad zatreba.
i koristila kad zatreba.
00:35
She would put it in the jar
and then use it when it was needed.
and then use it when it was needed.
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Kada bi završila sa njime,
00:38
When it was finished,
whether it was tying up the roses
whether it was tying up the roses
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bilo da je privezivala ruže
ili deo na mom biciklu,
ili deo na mom biciklu,
00:40
or a part of my bike,
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kada bi to bilo gotovo,
vratila bi ga u teglu.
vratila bi ga u teglu.
00:41
once finished with that,
it'd go back into the jar.
it'd go back into the jar.
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To je savršena predstava štednje;
upotrebite ono što vam treba,
upotrebite ono što vam treba,
00:44
This is a perfect idea of thrift;
you use what you need,
you use what you need,
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ništa ne kupujete i tako sačuvate novac.
00:47
you don't actually purchase anything,
so you save money.
so you save money.
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00:50
Kids also inherently know this idea.
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I deca prirodno znaju za ovu ideju.
00:52
When you want to throw out
a cardboard box,
a cardboard box,
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Kada hoćete da bacite kartonsku kutiju,
prosečno dete će reći: „Nemoj!
00:54
the average kid will say, "Don't!
I want to use it for a robot head
I want to use it for a robot head
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Hoću da je iskoristim za glavu robota
ili za kanu da veslam niz reku.“
ili za kanu da veslam niz reku.“
00:57
or for a canoe to paddle down a river."
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01:00
They understand the value
of the second life of products.
of the second life of products.
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Ona razumeju vrednost
ponovnog korišćenja proizvoda.
ponovnog korišćenja proizvoda.
01:04
So, I think thrift is
a perfect counterpoint
a perfect counterpoint
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Mislim da je štednja savršeni kontrast
01:07
to the current age which we live in.
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savremenom dobu u kome živimo.
01:09
All of our current products
are replaceable.
are replaceable.
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Svi naši trenutni proizvodi
mogu se zameniti.
mogu se zameniti.
01:12
When we get that bright, new, shiny toy,
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Kada donesemo tu novu svetlucavu igračku,
01:14
it's because, basically,
we got rid of the old one.
we got rid of the old one.
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to je zato što smo se, u suštini,
otarasili stare igračke.
otarasili stare igračke.
01:17
The idea of that is, of course,
it's great in the moment,
it's great in the moment,
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Zamisao o tome je da je to, naravno,
sjajna stvar u datom trenutku,
sjajna stvar u datom trenutku,
01:21
but the challenge is,
as we keep doing this,
as we keep doing this,
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ali nezgodno je to što ćemo,
ako nastavimo sa time,
ako nastavimo sa time,
01:24
we're going to cause a problem.
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izazvati problem.
01:26
That problem is that
there is really no way.
there is really no way.
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Problem je u tome što to tako ne ide.
01:29
When you throw something away,
it typically goes into a landfill.
it typically goes into a landfill.
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Kada nešto bacite,
to obično ode na deponiju.
to obično ode na deponiju.
01:33
Now, a landfill is basically something
which is not going to go away,
which is not going to go away,
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Deponija je u suštini nešto
što neće nestati,
što neće nestati,
01:37
and it's increasing.
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i povećava se.
01:38
At the moment, we have about
1.3 billion tons of material every year
1.3 billion tons of material every year
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Trenutno imamo oko 1,3 milijarde tona
materijala na godišnjem nivou
materijala na godišnjem nivou
01:43
going into landfills.
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koji odlazi na deponije.
01:44
By 2100, it's going to be
about four billion tons.
about four billion tons.
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Do 2100. godine
biće oko četiri milijarde tona.
biće oko četiri milijarde tona.
01:48
See, instead, I'd prefer
if we started thrifting.
if we started thrifting.
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Vidite, umesto toga,
ja bih da počnemo da štedimo.
ja bih da počnemo da štedimo.
01:51
What that means is, we consider materials
when they go into products
when they go into products
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To znači da se zapitamo o materijalima
kada se od njih prave proizvodi,
kada se od njih prave proizvodi,
01:56
and also when they get used,
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kao i kada se koriste
i, na kraju njihove upotrebe,
kada se mogu ponovo upotrebiti.
kada se mogu ponovo upotrebiti.
01:57
and, at the end of their life:
When can they be used again?
When can they be used again?
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02:00
It's the idea of completely changing
the way we think about waste,
the way we think about waste,
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Zamisao je u tome da potpuno promenimo
način razmišljanja o otpadu,
način razmišljanja o otpadu,
02:03
so waste is no longer a dirty word --
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tako da otpad više ne bude ružna reč -
02:05
we almost remove
the word "waste" completely.
the word "waste" completely.
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skoro da sasvim uklonimo reč „otpad“.
Jedino na šta treba
da obratimo pažnju su resursi.
da obratimo pažnju su resursi.
02:07
All we're looking to is resources.
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02:09
Resource goes into a product
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Resursi odlaze u proizvod,
02:10
and then can basically go
into another product.
into another product.
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a zatim u suštini mogu da idu
u drugi proizvod.
u drugi proizvod.
02:15
We used to be good at thrifting.
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Nekada nam je dobro išla štednja.
Moja baka je, ponovo, imala običaj
da koristi stare kesice za seme
da koristi stare kesice za seme
02:17
My grandmother, again,
used to use old seed packets
used to use old seed packets
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02:19
to paper the bathroom walls.
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za oblaganje zidova u kupatilu.
02:21
I think, though, there are companies
out there who understand this value
out there who understand this value
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Mislim da, doduše, ima kompanija
koje razumeju ovu vrednost
koje razumeju ovu vrednost
02:24
and are promoting it.
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i promovišu je.
02:26
And a lot of the technologies
that have been developed for the smart age
that have been developed for the smart age
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Veliki broj tehnologija
koje su razvijene za novo doba
koje su razvijene za novo doba
mogu se prilagoditi da smanje upotrebu,
iznova koriste, pa i da štede veštije.
iznova koriste, pa i da štede veštije.
02:29
can also be adapted to reduce,
reuse and also thrift more proficiently.
reuse and also thrift more proficiently.
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Kao naučnik koji se bavi materijalima,
02:34
And as a materials scientist,
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02:36
what I've been tracking
over the last couple of decades
over the last couple of decades
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pratio sam tokom poslednjih par decenija
kako kompanije inteligentnije štede,
02:38
is how companies
are getting smart at thrifting,
are getting smart at thrifting,
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kako su u stanju da razumeju ovaj koncept
i da profitiraju na njemu.
i da profitiraju na njemu.
02:41
how they're able
to understand this concept
to understand this concept
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02:43
and profit from it.
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02:45
I'm going to give you two examples.
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Daću vam dva primera.
Prvi je dobar, a drugi ne tako dobar.
02:47
The first one, a good one;
the second one, not so good.
the second one, not so good.
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Prvi je automobilska industrija.
02:49
The first is the automotive industry.
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Nije oduvek poznata kao najinovativnija
ili najkreativnija industrija,
ili najkreativnija industrija,
02:51
Not always known as the most
innovative or creative of industries,
innovative or creative of industries,
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02:54
but it turns out, they're really,
really good at recycling their products.
really good at recycling their products.
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ali ispostavilo se da su zaista dobri
u recikliranju svojih proizvoda.
u recikliranju svojih proizvoda.
02:58
Ninety-five percent of every single car
that goes on the road
that goes on the road
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Devedeset pet odsto svih automobila
koji se nađu na putu
koji se nađu na putu
03:01
gets recycled here.
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bude reciklirano ovde.
03:03
And of that car, about
75 percent of the entire car
75 percent of the entire car
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A oko 75 posto celog automobila
03:06
actually gets used again.
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zaista i bude ponovo iskorišćeno.
03:08
That includes, of course,
the old steel and aluminum
the old steel and aluminum
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To podrazumeva, naravno,
stari čelik i aluminijum,
stari čelik i aluminijum,
ali i plastiku sa blatobrana
i sa unutrašnjeg dela,
i sa unutrašnjeg dela,
03:11
but then also the plastics
from the fender and the interiors,
from the fender and the interiors,
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03:15
glass from the windows and the windshield
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staklo sa prozora i vetrobrana,
03:17
and also the tires.
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kao i gume.
03:18
There's a mature and successful industry
that deals with these old cars
that deals with these old cars
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Ovo je zrela i uspešna industrija
koja radi sa starim automobilima,
koja radi sa starim automobilima,
03:22
and basically recycles them
and puts them back into use
and puts them back into use
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u suštini ih reciklira
i ponovo stavlja u upotrebu
i ponovo stavlja u upotrebu
03:25
as new cars or other new products.
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kao nove automobile
i druge nove proizvode.
i druge nove proizvode.
03:28
Even as we move towards
battery-powered cars,
battery-powered cars,
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Čak i dok idemo ka automobilima
koje pokreću baterije,
koje pokreću baterije,
03:31
there are companies that claim
they can recycle up to 90 percent
they can recycle up to 90 percent
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postoje kompanije koje tvrde
da mogu reciklirati do 90 posto
da mogu reciklirati do 90 posto
03:34
of the 11 million tons of batteries
that are going to be with us in 2020.
that are going to be with us in 2020.
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od 11 miliona tona baterija
koje će biti sa nama 2020. godine.
koje će biti sa nama 2020. godine.
03:39
That, I think, is not perfect,
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To, po meni, nije savršeno,
ali je svakako dobro, i ide nabolje.
03:40
but it's certainly good,
and it's getting better.
and it's getting better.
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03:43
The industry that's not doing so well
is the architecture industry.
is the architecture industry.
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Industrija kojoj ne ide tako dobro
je arhitektonska industrija.
je arhitektonska industrija.
03:48
One of the challenges
with architecture has always been
with architecture has always been
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Jedan od problema arhitekture
oduvek je bio taj što,
oduvek je bio taj što,
kada pravimo građevinu,
ne razmišljamo o njenom rasturanju.
ne razmišljamo o njenom rasturanju.
03:50
when we build up, we don't think
about taking down.
about taking down.
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03:53
We don't dismantle,
we don't disassemble, we demolish.
we don't disassemble, we demolish.
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Ne demontiramo,
ne rastavljamo, već rušimo.
ne rastavljamo, već rušimo.
03:56
That's a challenge,
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To je problem,
03:57
because it ends up that about a third
of all landfill waste in the US
of all landfill waste in the US
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jer na kraju oko trećine celokupnog otpada
na deponijama u SAD-u
na deponijama u SAD-u
pripada arhitekturi.
04:00
is architecture.
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04:02
We need to think differently about this.
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Moramo drugačije razmišljati o ovome.
04:04
There are programs that can actually
reduce some of this material.
reduce some of this material.
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Postoje programi koji mogu
smanjiti količinu ovog materijala.
smanjiti količinu ovog materijala.
04:08
A good example is this.
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Dobar primer ovoga.
04:09
These are actually bricks that are made
from old demolition waste,
from old demolition waste,
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Postoje cigle koje su napravljene
od starog otpada od rušenja,
od starog otpada od rušenja,
04:12
which includes the glass,
the rubble, the concrete.
the rubble, the concrete.
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što obuhvata staklo, šljunak, beton.
Postavite drobilicu, sve stavite zajedno,
zagrejete i napravite cigle
zagrejete i napravite cigle
04:16
You put up a grinder,
put it all together, heat it up
put it all together, heat it up
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04:18
and make these bricks we can
basically build more buildings from.
basically build more buildings from.
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od kojih praktično možemo
da napravimo još građevina.
da napravimo još građevina.
Ali, to je samo delić
onoga što nam je potrebno.
onoga što nam je potrebno.
04:21
But it's only a fraction of what we need.
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04:23
My hope is that with big data
and geotagging,
and geotagging,
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Nadam se da pomoću velikih podataka
i geooznačavanja to možemo promeniti
i geooznačavanja to možemo promeniti
04:28
we can actually change that,
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i postati štedljiviji
kada je reč o izgradnji.
kada je reč o izgradnji.
04:29
and be more thrifty
when it comes to buildings.
when it comes to buildings.
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04:32
If there's a building down the block
which is being demolished,
which is being demolished,
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Ako negde dole u ulici
postoji zgrada koja se ruši,
postoji zgrada koja se ruši,
04:35
are there materials there
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ima li tamo materijala
04:36
that the new building
being built here can use?
being built here can use?
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koji se mogu iskoristiti
za novu zgradu koja se gradi ovde?
za novu zgradu koja se gradi ovde?
04:39
Can we use that, the ability to understand
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Možemo li to upotrebiti,
sposobnost da shvatimo
sposobnost da shvatimo
04:42
that all the materials available
in that building are still usable?
in that building are still usable?
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da se svi postojeći materijali
u toj zgradi još mogu iskoristiti?
u toj zgradi još mogu iskoristiti?
04:45
Can we then basically put them
into a new building,
into a new building,
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Možemo li ih zatim spojiti u novu zgradu
04:48
without actually losing
any value in the process?
any value in the process?
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bez ikakvog gubitka vrednosti
u tom procesu?
u tom procesu?
Hajde da sada razmislimo
o drugim industrijama.
o drugim industrijama.
04:53
So now let's think about other industries.
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04:55
What are other industries doing
to create thrift?
to create thrift?
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Šta druge industrije rade
da ostvare štednju?
da ostvare štednju?
04:57
Well, it turns out
that there are plenty of industries
that there are plenty of industries
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Pa, ispada da je veliki broj industrija
05:00
that are also thinking
about their own waste
about their own waste
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koje takođe misle o svom otpadu
i o tome šta mogu uraditi sa njime.
05:02
and what we can do with it.
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05:03
A simple example is the waste
that they basically belch out
that they basically belch out
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Prost primer je otpad koji izbacuju
kao deo industrijskih procesa.
05:06
as part of industrial processes.
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05:08
Most metal smelters give off
an awful lot of carbon dioxide.
an awful lot of carbon dioxide.
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Većina topionica metala ispušta
strašno mnogo ugljen-dioksida.
strašno mnogo ugljen-dioksida.
Ispostavilo se da postoji kompanija
po imenu Lend detektor
po imenu Lend detektor
05:11
Turns out, there's a company
called Land Detector
called Land Detector
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05:14
that's actually working in China
and also soon in South Africa,
and also soon in South Africa,
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koja radi u Kini,
a uskoro i u Južnoj Africi,
a uskoro i u Južnoj Africi,
05:17
that's able to take that waste gas --
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koja može da preuzme taj otpadni gas -
05:20
about 700,000 tons per smelter --
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oko 700 000 tona po topionici -
05:24
and then turn it into
about 400,000 tons of ethanol,
about 400,000 tons of ethanol,
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i zatim ga pretvori
u oko 400 000 tona etanola,
u oko 400 000 tona etanola,
05:27
which is equivalent to basically powering
250,000, or quarter of a million, cars
250,000, or quarter of a million, cars
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što u suštini znači napajanje 250 000,
tj. četvrt miliona automobila,
tj. četvrt miliona automobila,
05:31
for a year.
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tokom godinu dana.
05:32
That's a very effective use of waste.
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To je veoma efikasna upotreba otpada.
05:36
How about products more close to home?
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A šta je sa proizvodima bliže nama?
05:38
This is a simple solution.
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Ovo je jednostavno rešenje.
Ono ponovo preuzima ideju
smanjene upotrebe i ponovnog korišćenja,
smanjene upotrebe i ponovnog korišćenja,
05:40
And it, again, takes the idea
of reducing, reusing,
of reducing, reusing,
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05:43
but then also with economic advantage.
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ali uz ekonomske prednosti.
05:45
So it's a simple process
of changing from a cut and sew,
of changing from a cut and sew,
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U pitanju je jednostavan
proces promene od šivenja ispočetka,
proces promene od šivenja ispočetka,
05:48
where typically between
20 and 30 materials are used
20 and 30 materials are used
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gde se obično iskoristi
između 20 i 30 materijala
između 20 i 30 materijala
05:51
which are cut from a large cloth and then
sewn together or even sometimes glued,
sewn together or even sometimes glued,
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koji se iseku od velike tkanine,
pa zatim zašiju i ponekad čak i zalepe,
pa zatim zašiju i ponekad čak i zalepe,
05:55
they changed it and said
that they just knitted the shoe.
that they just knitted the shoe.
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što su promenili i rekli
da su samo spojili patiku.
da su samo spojili patiku.
05:58
The advantage with this is not just
a simplification of the process,
a simplification of the process,
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Prednost ovoga nije samo
u pojednostavljivanju procesa,
u pojednostavljivanju procesa,
već: „Imam jedan materijal.
Nemam nimalo otpada,“
Nemam nimalo otpada,“
06:01
it's also, "I've got one material.
I have zero waste,"
I have zero waste,"
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06:04
and then also, "I'm able to potentially
recycle that at the end of its life."
recycle that at the end of its life."
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kao i: „Mogu ovo da recikliram
na kraju njegove upotrebe.“
na kraju njegove upotrebe.“
06:10
Digital manufacturing is also allowing us
to do this more effectively.
to do this more effectively.
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Digitalna proizvodnja nam takođe omogućava
da ovo uradimo efikasnije.
da ovo uradimo efikasnije.
U ovom slučaju, ona stvara
teoretsko ograničenje upotrebne moći
teoretsko ograničenje upotrebne moći
06:13
In this case, it's actually creating
the theoretical limit of strength
the theoretical limit of strength
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za materijale:
06:16
for a material:
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ne možete izvući više
od date količine materijala
od date količine materijala
06:18
you cannot get any stronger
for the amount of material
for the amount of material
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06:20
than this shape.
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od ovog oblika.
06:22
So it's a basic simple block,
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To je osnovni, jednostavan komad,
06:24
but the idea is, I can extrapolate this,
I can make it into large formats,
I can make it into large formats,
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ali ideja je da to mogu da proširim,
da ovo prenesem na veće formate,
da ovo prenesem na veće formate,
06:27
I can make it into buildings, bridges,
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na zgrade, mostove,
06:29
but also airplane wings and shoes.
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ali i na krila aviona i obuću.
06:32
The idea here is, I'm minimizing
the amount of material.
the amount of material.
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Ideja je u tome da svodim
količinu materijala na minimum.
količinu materijala na minimum.
06:36
Here's a good example from architecture.
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Evo dobrog primera iz arhitekture.
06:38
Typically, these sorts of metal nodes
are used to hold up large tent structures.
are used to hold up large tent structures.
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Ovakve metalne spojnice se obično koriste
da drže velike strukture nalik šatorima.
da drže velike strukture nalik šatorima.
06:43
In this case, it in was in the Hague,
along a shopping center.
along a shopping center.
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U ovom slučaju, bilo je to u Hagu,
duž jednog tržnog centra.
duž jednog tržnog centra.
06:46
They used 1600
of the materials on the left.
of the materials on the left.
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Upotrebili su 1 600 komada
materijala sa leve strane.
materijala sa leve strane.
06:48
The difference is, by using
the solution on the right,
the solution on the right,
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Razlika je u tome što su,
pomoću rešenja sa desne strane,
pomoću rešenja sa desne strane,
06:51
they cut down the number of steps
from seven to one,
from seven to one,
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smanjili broj koraka sa sedam na jedan,
06:54
because the one on the left
is currently welded,
is currently welded,
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jer onaj sa leve strane
je trenutno zavaren,
je trenutno zavaren,
a onaj sa desne je jednostavno odštampan.
06:56
the one on the right
is simply just printed.
is simply just printed.
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06:58
And it was able to reduce waste to zero,
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Uspeo je da smanji otpad na nulu,
07:00
cost less money
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manje košta
07:02
and also, because it's made out of steel,
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i, takođe, pošto je od čelika,
07:04
can be eventually recycled
at the end of its life.
at the end of its life.
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može se reciklirati na kraju upotrebe.
07:09
Nature also is very effective at thrift.
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Priroda takođe efikasno štedi.
07:12
Think about it: nature has zero waste.
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Razmislite o tome - u prirodi nema otpada.
07:14
Everything is useful for another process.
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Sve je od koristi za neki drugi proces.
07:17
So, in this case, nanocellulose,
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Tako je u ovom slučaju nanoceluloze -
07:19
which is basically one of the very fine
building blocks of cellulose,
building blocks of cellulose,
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koja predstavlja jedan
od vrlo finih sastavnih delova celuloze,
od vrlo finih sastavnih delova celuloze,
07:22
which is one of the materials
that makes trees strong,
that makes trees strong,
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a koja je jedan od materijala
zbog kojih je drveće snažno -
zbog kojih je drveće snažno -
07:27
you can isolate it, and it works
very much like carbon fiber.
very much like carbon fiber.
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možete je izolovati, i funkcioniše
vrlo slično ugljeničnim vlaknima.
vrlo slično ugljeničnim vlaknima.
07:30
So, take that from a tree,
form it into fibers,
form it into fibers,
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Dakle, uzmete je sa drveta,
oblikujete u vlakna,
oblikujete u vlakna,
07:33
and then those fibers
can strengthen things,
can strengthen things,
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a zatim ta vlakna mogu da ojačaju stvari
07:35
such as airplanes, buildings, cars.
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kao što su avioni, zgrade i automobili.
Prednost ovoga nije samo u tome
što je biološki proizvedena,
što je biološki proizvedena,
07:38
The advantage of this, though,
is it's not just bioderived,
is it's not just bioderived,
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što proističe iz obnovljivog resursa,
07:41
comes from a renewable resource,
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07:42
but also that it is transparent,
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već i u tome što je providna,
pa se može koristiti
kod električnih aparata,
kod električnih aparata,
07:44
so it can be used in consumer electronics,
as well as food packaging.
as well as food packaging.
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kao i za pakovanje hrane.
07:48
Not bad for something that basically
comes from the backyard.
comes from the backyard.
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Nije loše za nešto što u suštini
potiče iz dvorišta.
potiče iz dvorišta.
07:51
Another one from the biosource
is synthetic spider silk.
is synthetic spider silk.
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Još jedan materijal iz biološkog izvora
je sintetička paukova svila.
je sintetička paukova svila.
07:54
Now, it's very hard to actually
create spider silk naturally.
create spider silk naturally.
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Veoma je teško stvoriti
paukovu svilu prirodno.
paukovu svilu prirodno.
07:58
You can basically get it from spiders,
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Možete je dobiti od paukova,
ali kada ih ima u velikom broju,
skloni su da ubijaju i jedu jedni druge,
skloni su da ubijaju i jedu jedni druge,
08:00
but in large numbers, they tend
to kill each other, eat each other,
to kill each other, eat each other,
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tako da imate problem sa proizvodnjom
isto kao i sa običnom svilom.
isto kao i sa običnom svilom.
08:03
so you've got a problem with creating it,
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08:05
in the same way you do with regular silk.
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08:07
So what you can do is instead
take the DNA from the spider,
take the DNA from the spider,
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Umesto toga možete da uzmete DNK pauka
08:10
and put it into various different things.
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i ubacite je u različite stvari.
08:12
You can put it into bacteria,
you can put it into yeast,
you can put it into yeast,
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Možete je staviti u bakterije,
u gljivice, u mleko.
u gljivice, u mleko.
08:15
you can put it into milk.
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08:16
And what you can do then is,
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Zatim možete -
08:18
the milk or the bacteria produce
in much larger volumes
in much larger volumes
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mleko ili bakterija proizvode
u mnogo većim količinama,
u mnogo većim količinama,
08:21
and then from that, spin a yarn
and then create a fabric or a rope.
and then create a fabric or a rope.
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zatim od toga napravite predivo
i zatim stvorite tkaninu ili kanap.
i zatim stvorite tkaninu ili kanap.
Opet, biološki je proizvedena,
ima neverovatnu snagu -
ima neverovatnu snagu -
08:25
Again, bioderived, has incredible
strength -- about the same as Kevlar --
strength -- about the same as Kevlar --
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otprilike kao vlakna Kevlar -
08:29
so they're using it in things like
bulletproof vests and helmets
bulletproof vests and helmets
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pa se koristi za stvari poput pancira,
kaciga i zimskih jakni.
kaciga i zimskih jakni.
08:32
and outdoor jackets.
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08:33
It has a great performance.
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Jako je izdržljiva.
Još jednom, biološki je proizvedena,
i na kraju upotrebe
i na kraju upotrebe
08:34
But again, it's bioderived,
and at the end of its life,
and at the end of its life,
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08:37
it potentially can go back
into the soil and get composted
into the soil and get composted
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se može vratiti u zemljište i razložiti
tako da se ponovo može upotrebiti
kao novi materijal.
kao novi materijal.
08:40
to again be potentially used
as a new material.
as a new material.
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08:44
I'd like to leave you with one
last form which is biobased,
last form which is biobased,
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Završio bih poslednjom materijom
koja ima biološku osnovu,
koja ima biološku osnovu,
08:47
but this, I think,
is like the ultimate thrift.
is like the ultimate thrift.
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a to je po meni,
štednja u svojoj krajnosti.
štednja u svojoj krajnosti.
08:49
Think about the poster child
for conspicuous consumption.
for conspicuous consumption.
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Razmislite o tipičnom predstavniku
upadljive potrošnje.
upadljive potrošnje.
08:51
It's the water bottle.
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U pitanju je flaša vode.
08:53
We have too many of them,
they're basically going everywhere,
they're basically going everywhere,
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Imamo ih previše,
u suštini idu na sve strane,
u suštini idu na sve strane,
08:56
they're a problem in the ocean.
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predstavljaju problem za okean.
08:58
What do we do with them?
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Šta da radimo sa njima?
09:00
This process is able
not just to recycle them,
not just to recycle them,
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Ovaj proces je u stanju
ne samo da ih reciklira,
ne samo da ih reciklira,
09:02
but to recycle them infinitely.
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već da ih reciklira unedogled.
09:04
Why is that interesting?
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Zašto je to zanimljivo?
09:05
Because when we think
about reusing and recycling,
about reusing and recycling,
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Zato što, kada razmišljamo
o ponovnom korišćenju i reciklaži
o ponovnom korišćenju i reciklaži
09:08
metals, glass, things like that,
can be recycled as many times as you like.
can be recycled as many times as you like.
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metala, stakla i takvih stvari,
one se mogu reciklirati
koliko god puta hoćete.
koliko god puta hoćete.
09:13
There's metal in your car
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U vašem automobilu postoji metal
09:15
that may well have come
from a 1950s Oldsmobile,
from a 1950s Oldsmobile,
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koji je možda poreklom
sa Oldsmobila iz 1950-ih,
sa Oldsmobila iz 1950-ih,
jer ga možete beskonačno reciklirati
bez gubitaka sa aspekta performanse.
bez gubitaka sa aspekta performanse.
09:18
because you can recycle it infinitely
with no loss of performance.
with no loss of performance.
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09:21
Plastics offer about
once or twice of recycling,
once or twice of recycling,
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Plastiku je moguće reciklirati
jednom ili dva puta,
jednom ili dva puta,
09:24
whether it's a bottle,
whether it's a chair --
whether it's a chair --
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bilo da je u pitanju flaša, stolica -
09:26
whatever it is, if it's carpet --
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šta god da je, ako je tepih -
09:27
after two times of recycling, whether
it goes back into another chair, etc,
it goes back into another chair, etc,
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nakon što se dva puta reciklira,
bilo da se vrati u drugu stolicu itd,
bilo da se vrati u drugu stolicu itd,
obično izgubi snagu
i više se ne može koristiti.
i više se ne može koristiti.
09:31
it tends to lose strength,
it's no longer of any use.
it's no longer of any use.
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Ovo je, samo pomoću nekoliko enzima,
u stanju da je reciklira beskonačno.
u stanju da je reciklira beskonačno.
09:33
This, though, just using a few enzymes,
is able to recycle it infinitely.
is able to recycle it infinitely.
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Uzmem flašu, stolicu
ili neki drugi proizvod od plastike,
ili neki drugi proizvod od plastike,
09:37
I take a bottle or a chair
or some other plastic product,
or some other plastic product,
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09:40
I basically put it in with a few enzymes,
they break it apart,
they break it apart,
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ubacim par enzima, oni je razlože
09:44
they basically put it back
into its original molecules.
into its original molecules.
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i ponovo sastave u originalne molekule.
A zatim od tih molekula
09:46
And then from those molecules,
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možete napraviti drugu stolicu,
tepih ili flašicu.
tepih ili flašicu.
09:48
you can build another chair
or carpet or bottle.
or carpet or bottle.
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09:51
So, the cycle is infinite.
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Dakle, ciklus je beskonačan.
09:53
The advantage with that, of course,
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Prednost toga je, naravno,
09:55
is that you have potentially
zero loss of material resources.
zero loss of material resources.
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u tome što potencijalno nemate
nimalo gubitka materijalnih resursa.
nimalo gubitka materijalnih resursa.
09:58
Again, the perfect idea of thrift.
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Opet, savršena ideja štednje.
10:02
So in conclusion, I just want to have
you think about -- if you make anything,
you think about -- if you make anything,
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Za kraj, samo hoću da vas podstaknem
da razmislite o tome da -
da razmislite o tome da -
ako nešto pravite,
ako imate ulogu u nekoj firmi za dizajn,
10:06
if you're any part of a design firm,
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10:08
if you basically
are refurbishing your house --
are refurbishing your house --
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ako renovirate kuću,
10:11
any aspect where you make something,
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bilo šta da pravite -
10:13
think about how that product
could potentially be used
could potentially be used
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razmislite o tome kako se taj proizvod
potencijalno može upotrebiti
potencijalno može upotrebiti
10:16
as a second life, or third life
or fourth life.
or fourth life.
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drugi, treći ili četvrti put.
10:19
Design in the ability for it
to be taken apart.
to be taken apart.
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Osmislite to nešto u okviru mogućnosti
da se kasnije rasklopi.
da se kasnije rasklopi.
10:23
That, to me, is the ultimate thrift,
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To je za mene krajnja štednja,
10:25
and I think that's basically
what my grandmother would love.
what my grandmother would love.
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i mislim da je to u suštini
nešto što bi moja baba volela.
nešto što bi moja baba volela.
10:28
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Dent - Material innovatorA leading expert on sustainable materials, Andrew Dent has played an important part in creating a new generation of more sustainable products.
Why you should listen
Dr. Andrew Dent plays a key role in the expansion of Material ConneXion’s technical knowledge base. His research directs the implementation of consulting projects and the selection of innovative, sustainable and advanced materials to Material ConneXion’s library. As the Executive Vice President of Research at Material ConneXion and Chief Material Scientist at SANDOW, Dent has helped hundreds of clients -- from Whirlpool and Adidas to BMW and Procter & Gamble -- develop or improve their products through the use of innovative materials.
Prior to joining Material ConneXion, Dent held a number of research positions both in industry and academia. At Rolls Royce PLC, he specialized in turbine blades for the present generation of jet engines. He has completed postdoctoral research at Cambridge University and at the Center for Thermal Spray Research, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY. Other research projects during this period, included work for the US Navy, DARPA, NASA and the British Ministry of Defense. He received his PhD in materials science from the University of Cambridge.
Dent is a frequent speaker on sustainable and innovative material strategies, having given talks at TEDxGrandRapids and TEDNYC, and he is the co-author of the Material Innovation book series, which includes Packaging Design, Product Design and Architecture. Dent has also contributed to numerous publications on the subject of material science including Fast Company, The Economist and the Financial Times.
Andrew Dent | Speaker | TED.com