TED2019
Yeonmi Park: What I learned about freedom after escaping North Korea
朴延米: 在逃出朝鲜后我才知道的自由
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“朝鲜是不可想象的，”10 多岁时逃离朝鲜的人权活动人士朴延米说。她分享了自己童年的悲惨故事，反思了自由的脆弱，并展示了即使在世界上最黑暗的地方，也可以实现变革。
Yeonmi Park - Human rights activist
North Korean defector Yeonmi Park is becoming a leading voice of oppressed people around the world. Full bio
North Korean defector Yeonmi Park is becoming a leading voice of oppressed people around the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I was born in 1993
in the northern part of North Korea,
in the northern part of North Korea,
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我出生于 1993 年的朝鲜北部，
00:18
in a town called Hyesan,
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一个叫海珊的小镇，
00:21
which is on the border with China.
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紧挨着中国边境。
00:24
I had loving parents
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我有爱我的父母
00:27
and one older sister.
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和一个姐姐。
00:31
Before I was even 10 years old,
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我在 10 岁前，
00:34
my father was sent to a labor camp
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我父亲因参与非法贸易
00:37
for engaging in illegal trading.
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而被送进劳动营。
00:41
Now, by "illegal trading" --
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“非法贸易”的意思是，
00:45
he was selling clogs, sugar,
rice and later copper
rice and later copper
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他卖衣服、糖、粮食以及后来是铜
00:51
to feed us.
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来养活我们。
00:55
In 2007, my sister and I
decided to escape.
decided to escape.
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2007 年，我姐姐和我打算逃亡。
01:01
She was 16 years old,
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她当时 16 岁，
01:04
and I was 13 years old.
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而我 13 岁。
01:08
I need you to understand
what the word "escape" means
what the word "escape" means
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我想让你们理解“逃亡”
01:13
in the context of North Korea.
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在朝鲜这个环境中的意思。
01:17
We were all starving,
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我们全都处于挨饿状态，
01:20
and hunger means death in North Korea.
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而在朝鲜饥饿意味着死亡。
01:25
So it was the only option for us.
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所以这是我们唯一的选择。
01:29
I didn't even understand
the concept of escape,
the concept of escape,
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我甚至不理解逃亡的概念，
01:33
but I could see the lights
from China at night,
from China at night,
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但我可以在晚上看到来自中国的灯光，
01:38
and I wondered if I go where the light is,
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我好奇如果我能到达灯光那边，
01:43
I might be able to find a bowl of rice.
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我也许能找到一碗米饭。
01:48
It's not like we had a grand plan or maps.
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我们没有宏大的计划或者地图。
01:52
We did not know anything
about what was going to happen.
about what was going to happen.
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我们不知道会发生什么。
01:57
Imagine your apartment
building caught fire.
building caught fire.
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试想你家着火了。
02:00
I mean, what would you do?
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我意思是，你会怎么做？
02:02
Would you stay there to be burned,
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你会待在那里等着被烧死，
02:05
or would you jump off out of the window
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还是会从窗户里跳出去
02:07
and see what happens?
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看看会发生什么？
02:09
That's what we did.
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这就是我们做的。
02:11
We jumped out of the house
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我们从房子里跳了出来
02:14
instead of the fire.
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而非待在火中。
02:17
North Korea is unimaginable.
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朝鲜无法想象。
02:22
It's very hard for me
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当人们问我生活在那里是什么感觉时，
02:25
when people ask me
what it feels like to live there.
what it feels like to live there.
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我难回答他们。
02:30
To be honest,
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老实说，
02:32
I tell you:
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我告诉你们：
02:33
you can't even imagine it.
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你实在无法想象那里的生活。
02:39
The words in any language can't describe,
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用任何语言的词汇都没法描述，
02:43
because it's a totally different planet,
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因为那是个完全不一样的世界，
02:47
as you cannot imagine
your life on Mars right now.
your life on Mars right now.
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就如同你现在无法想象
火星上的生活一样。
火星上的生活一样。
02:53
For example, the word "love"
has only one meaning:
has only one meaning:
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比如，“爱”这个词只有一个意思：
02:59
love for the Dear Leader.
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对伟大领袖的爱。
03:03
There's no concept
of romantic love in North Korea.
of romantic love in North Korea.
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在朝鲜没有浪漫的概念 。
03:09
And if you don't know the words,
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如果你不知道这个词，
03:12
that means you don't
understand the concept,
understand the concept,
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就意味着你不理解这个概念，
03:17
and therefore, you don't even realize
that concept is even a possibility.
that concept is even a possibility.
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因此，你甚至无法意识到
这个概念是真实存在的。
这个概念是真实存在的。
03:25
Let me give you another example.
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让我再给你们一个例子。
03:29
Growing up in North Korea,
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在朝鲜长大，
03:31
we truly believed that our Dear Leader
is an almighty god
is an almighty god
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我们真的相信我们敬爱的领袖
是全能的神，
是全能的神，
03:37
who can even read my thoughts.
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他甚至可以看穿我的想法。
03:40
I was even afraid to think in North Korea.
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在朝鲜，我甚至害怕思考。
03:45
We are told that he's starving for us,
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我们被告知他在盯着我们，
03:47
and he's working tirelessly for us,
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他不知疲倦地为我们工作着，
03:50
and my heart just broke for him.
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我为他（的举动）而感动、心碎。
03:53
When I escaped to South Korea,
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当我逃亡到韩国时，
03:56
people told me that
he was actually a dictator,
he was actually a dictator,
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人们告诉我他其实是个独裁者，
04:00
he had cars,
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他有很多辆汽车，
04:02
many, many resorts,
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数不清的度假地，
04:03
and he had an ultraluxurious life.
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并且他过着极端奢侈的生活。
04:08
And then I remember
looking at a picture of him,
looking at a picture of him,
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然后我记得我看着照片上的他，
04:12
realizing for the first time
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第一次意识到
04:16
that he is the largest guy in the picture.
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他是照片中最大的家伙。
04:19
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:22
And it hit me.
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这震惊了我。
04:23
Finally, I realized he wasn't starving.
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终于，我意识到他没有挨饿。
04:29
But I was never able to see that before,
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但我以前从来都看不到，
04:32
until someone told me that he was fat.
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直到有人告诉我他很胖。
04:36
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:37
Really, someone had to teach me
that he was fat.
that he was fat.
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真的，我需要有人告诉我他是个胖子。
04:42
If you have never practiced
critical thinking,
critical thinking,
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如果你从来没有练习批判性思维，
04:46
then you simply see
what you're told to see.
what you're told to see.
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那么你只会知道
别人让你知道的事情。
别人让你知道的事情。
04:52
The biggest question also people ask me
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人们问我的最重大的问题是：
04:55
is: "Why is there no revolution
inside North Korea?
inside North Korea?
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“为什么朝鲜不会发生革命，
04:58
Are we dumb?
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你们都是傻的吗？
05:01
Why is there no revolution
for 70 years of this oppression?"
for 70 years of this oppression?"
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为什么 70 多年的压迫
都没有发生革命？”
都没有发生革命？”
05:07
And I say:
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我回答道：
05:10
If you don't know you're a slave,
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如果你都不知道你是个奴隶，
05:13
if you don't know
you're isolated or oppressed,
you're isolated or oppressed,
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如果你不知道你被孤立压迫，
05:18
how do you fight to be free?
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你如何为自由奋斗？
05:22
I mean, if you know you're isolated,
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我意思是，如果你知道你被孤立，
05:25
that means you are not isolated.
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这意味着你并没有被孤立。
05:28
Not knowing is the true
definition of isolation,
definition of isolation,
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不知道才是孤立的真正含义，
05:33
and that's why I never knew
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所以我从来不知道
05:35
I was isolated when I was in North Korea.
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我在朝鲜时是被孤立的。
05:39
I literally thought I was
in the center of the universe.
in the center of the universe.
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我真以为自己在宇宙的中心。
05:45
So here is my idea worth spreading:
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所以这是我认为值得传播的想法：
05:52
a lot of people think
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很多人认为
05:54
humans inherently know
what is right and wrong,
what is right and wrong,
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人们天生知道什么是对错，
05:58
the difference between
justice and injustice,
justice and injustice,
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人们知道公正和不公正的差异，
06:03
what we deserve and we don't deserve.
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人们知道什么值得和什么不值得。
06:07
I tell them: BS.
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我告诉他们：扯蛋。
06:10
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
06:11
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
06:18
Everything,
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一切东西，
06:21
everything must be taught,
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一切东西需要教育，
06:24
including compassion.
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包括同情心。
06:27
If I see someone dying
on the street right now,
on the street right now,
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如果你今天看到有人在街上快要死去，
06:34
I will do anything to save that person.
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我会尽一切可能拯救那个人。
06:39
But when I was in North Korea,
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但当我在朝鲜时，
06:41
I saw people dying
and dead on the streets.
and dead on the streets.
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我看到人们在街上半死不活或死去。
06:47
I felt nothing.
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我无动于衷。
06:49
Not because I'm a psychopath,
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不是因为我精神失常，
06:52
but because I never learned
the concept of compassion.
the concept of compassion.
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而是因为我从来没了解过
什么是同情。
什么是同情。
06:57
Only, I felt compassion,
empathy and sympathy in my heart
empathy and sympathy in my heart
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只有在我学到同情的词汇和概念后，
07:02
after I learned the word
"compassion" and the concept,
"compassion" and the concept,
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我才内心感到同情，怜悯和慈悲，
07:05
and I feel them now.
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我现在能感受到了。
07:10
Now I live in the United States
as a free person.
as a free person.
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现在我作为一个自由人生活在美国。
07:16
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
07:17
Thank you.
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谢谢。
07:19
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
07:24
And recently,
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最近，
07:26
the leader of the free country,
our President Trump,
our President Trump,
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自由国家的领袖，我们的总统特朗普，
07:30
met with my former god.
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与我的前神会面。
07:35
And he decided human rights
is not important enough
is not important enough
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他觉得人权这个议题不够重要
07:39
to include in his agendas,
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不配在他日程上，
07:43
and he did not talk about it.
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并且他不会谈论它。
07:47
And it scares me.
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这让我害怕。
07:50
We live in a world right now
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我们现在生活的世界
07:54
where a dictator can be praised
for executing his uncle,
for executing his uncle,
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独裁者因处决他的姑父，
08:00
for killing his half brother,
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杀死他的同父异母弟弟，
08:02
killing thousands of North Koreans.
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处死成千上万的朝鲜人而被赞扬。
08:06
And that was worthy of praise.
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这值得赞扬。
08:10
And also it made me think:
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这也让我思考；
08:14
perhaps we all need to be taught
something new about freedom now.
something new about freedom now.
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也许现在我们都需要
学习“自由”在新时代的含义。
学习“自由”在新时代的含义。
08:24
Freedom is fragile.
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自由是脆弱的。
08:29
I don't want to alarm you, but it is.
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我不像惊吓你，但确实如此。
08:33
It only took three generations
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只花了三代人的时间
08:36
to make North Korea into
George Orwell's "1984."
George Orwell's "1984."
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就让朝鲜变成了
乔治·奥威尔的《1984年》。
乔治·奥威尔的《1984年》。
08:42
It took only three generations.
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只需要三代人的时间。
08:48
If we don't fight for human rights
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如果我们作为这里的自由人，
08:52
for the people who are oppressed
right now who don't have a voice,
right now who don't have a voice,
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不去为现在受压迫、
不能发出声音的人
不能发出声音的人
08:56
as free people here,
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抗争的话，
09:00
who will fight for us
when we are not free?
when we are not free?
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当我们不自由时，谁会为我们抗争。
09:04
Machines? Animals? I don't know.
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机器？动物？我不知道。
09:11
I think it's wonderful
that we care about climate change,
that we care about climate change,
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我认为我们关心气候变化，
09:17
animal rights, gender equality,
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动物权利，性别平等，
09:19
all of these things.
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所有这些东西很棒。
09:21
The fact that we care
about animals' rights,
about animals' rights,
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我们关心动物的事实
09:24
that means that's
how beautiful our heart is,
how beautiful our heart is,
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意味着我们的内心是如此的美丽，
09:28
that we care about someone
who cannot speak for themselves.
who cannot speak for themselves.
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我们关心那些不会为
自己说话的事物。
自己说话的事物。
09:32
And North Koreans right now
cannot speak for themselves.
cannot speak for themselves.
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朝鲜人民现在就不能替自己说话。
09:38
They don't have internet
in the 21st century.
in the 21st century.
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他们没有 21 世纪的互联网。
09:42
We don't have electricity,
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我们没有电，
09:45
and it is the darkest place
on earth right now.
on earth right now.
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并且现在是地球上最黑暗的地方。
09:50
Now I want to say something
to my fellow North Koreans
to my fellow North Koreans
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现在我想要跟我生活在黑暗中的
09:54
who are living in that darkness.
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朝鲜兄弟说几句。
09:58
They might not believe this,
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他们可能不会相信这点，
09:59
but I want to tell them
that an alternative life is possible.
that an alternative life is possible.
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但我想告诉他们
另一种的生活是可能的。
另一种的生活是可能的。
10:04
Be free.
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自由吧。
10:07
From my experience,
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就我的经验而言，
10:11
literally anything is possible.
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确实任何事情都有可能。
10:16
I was bought,
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我被买卖过，
10:17
I was sold as a slave.
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我被当奴隶卖过。
10:20
But now I'm here,
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但现在我在这里，
10:22
and that is why I believe in miracles.
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因此我相信奇迹。
10:27
The one thing that I learned from history
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我从历史上学到的一个事情是
10:30
is that nothing is forever in this world.
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这个世界上没有什么是永久的。
10:35
And that is why we have
every reason to be hopeful.
every reason to be hopeful.
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所以我们有一切理由充满希望。
10:41
Thank you.
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谢谢。
10:42
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yeonmi Park - Human rights activistNorth Korean defector Yeonmi Park is becoming a leading voice of oppressed people around the world.
Why you should listen
Yeonmi Park's escape from North Korea has given the world a window into the lives of its people. At the 2014 Oslo Freedom Forum and the One Young World Summit in Dublin, Park became an international phenomenon, delivering passionate and deeply personal speeches about the brutality of the North Korean regime. Her address to One Young World on the horrors of detention camps, political executions and sex trafficking has been viewed over 320 million times on YouTube. The BBC named her one of their "Top Global Women."
In 2017, Park joined the Tory Burch Foundation's Embrace Ambition campaign, a global effort to dispel the double standard of ambition as a positive trait in men and a negative trait in women. Her searing memoir, In Order to Live: A North Korean Girl's Journey to Freedom, was released in the fall 2015, and now she's urging the world to recognize the oppressed people of Kim Jong-Un's reign. She believes that change will come through young people like herself, whose exposure to capitalism and Western media is eroding the authority of the Kim dynasty.
Currently a student at Columbia University, Park has published an op-ed about North Korea's "black market generation” in the Washington Post and has been featured on CNN, CNBC and the BBC, as well as in the New York Times and Wall Street Journal. She serves on the executive board of directors of the Human Rights Foundation, the world's preeminent organization devoted to disrupting dictatorships.
Yeonmi Park | Speaker | TED.com