ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gian Giudice - Theoretical physicist
Gian Giudice is a theoretical physicist who has contributed greatly to our present understanding of particle physics and cosmology.

Why you should listen

Gian Giudice is a permanent member of CERN's group for theoretical physics. He has researched topics like supersymmetry, extra dimensions and dark matter, and has formulated theories that describe the earliest stages of the universe and that apply our knowledge of the particle world to smaller distances.

As author of the popular book, A Zeptospace Odyssey, Giudice is active in communicating the complex work of the Large Hadron Collider to the public. Meant for the lay reader, the book shares both the innovations needed to build the LHC and the theories it was created to prove. After the Higgs boson discovery, Giudice found the surprising result that, if the Standard Model continues to hold up at very small distances, the universe must be in a critical state, near to a phase transition that could lead to the collapse of all atomic matter. Luckily, in his TED Talk, he shares that this would happen very, very, very far in the future.

More profile about the speaker
Gian Giudice | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxCERN

Gian Giudice: Why our universe might exist on a knife-edge

Gian Giudice: 為何宇宙懸於刀鋒

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發現希格斯玻色子最大的驚喜?就是沒有驚喜。Gian Giudice向我們詳細說明了一個物理理論上的問題:如果希格斯場存在於一個能夠致使原子崩解的超高濃度的狀態,那該怎麼辦?Giudice用他的機智與魅力,講述了一個令人憂心忡忡的後果,還有,為何我們還不用為此擔心。
- Theoretical physicist
Gian Giudice is a theoretical physicist who has contributed greatly to our present understanding of particle physics and cosmology. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
So last year, on the Fourth第四 of July七月,
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去年7月4號
00:15
experiments實驗 at the Large Hadron強子 Collider對撞機
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在大型強子對撞機(LHC)的實驗裡
00:18
discovered發現 the Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子.
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希格斯玻色子被發現了
00:20
It was a historical歷史的 day.
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那是歷史性的一刻
00:22
There's no doubt懷疑 that from now on,
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無庸置疑地,從現在開始
00:24
the Fourth第四 of July七月 will be remembered記得
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7月4號不再被認為是
美國獨立紀念日
00:26
not as the day of the Declaration宣言 of Independence獨立,
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00:28
but as the day of the discovery發現 of the Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子.
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而是發現希格斯玻色子的重要日子
00:32
Well, at least最小, here at CERNCERN.
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至少對歐洲核子研究組織是這樣的
00:35
But for me, the biggest最大 surprise of that day
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但是對我而言,那天最大的驚喜
00:39
was that there was no big surprise.
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就是沒有太大的驚喜
00:41
In the eye of a theoretical理論 physicist物理學家,
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在物理理論學家的眼中
00:44
the Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子 is a clever聰明 explanation說明
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希格斯玻子是一個很絕妙的解釋
00:46
of how some elementary初級 particles粒子 gain獲得 mass,
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它解釋了一些基本粒子如何獲得質量
00:49
but it seems似乎 a fairly相當 unsatisfactory不滿意
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但是這看來就是個不盡滿意
00:52
and incomplete殘缺 solution.
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而且不夠完整的解答
00:54
Too many許多 questions問題 are left unanswered懸而未決.
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太多問題都無法回答
00:57
The Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子 does not share分享 the beauty美女,
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希格斯玻色子不夠美麗
01:00
the symmetry對稱, the elegance優雅,
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不夠均稱,不夠優雅
01:02
of the rest休息 of the elementary初級 particle粒子 world世界.
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不足以和基本粒子世界相比
01:05
For this reason原因, the majority多數 of theoretical理論 physicists物理學家
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因此,大多數理論學家
01:08
believe that the Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子 could not
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不相信希格斯玻色子就是所有的真相
01:11
be the full充分 story故事.
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01:14
We were expecting期待 new particles粒子 and new phenomena現象
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我們希望新的粒子和新的現象
01:17
accompanying隨同 the Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子.
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能隨著希格斯玻色子出現
01:19
Instead代替, so far, the measurements測量
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但目前從LHC對撞機得來的測量
卻沒有顯示什麼新的粒子和新的現象
01:21
coming未來 from the LHCLHC show顯示 no signs跡象 of new particles粒子
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01:25
or unexpected意外 phenomena現象.
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01:27
Of course課程, the verdict判決書 is not definitive明確.
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當然,目前的論斷並不是絕對的
01:31
In 2015, the LHCLHC will almost幾乎 double
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2015年,LHC對撞機將會加倍
01:35
the energy能源 of the colliding碰撞 protons質子,
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質子撞擊的能量
01:38
and these more powerful強大 collisions碰撞
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這些更強烈的撞擊
01:40
will allow允許 us to explore探索 further進一步 the particle粒子 world世界,
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能讓我們進一步了探索粒子世界
01:44
and we will certainly當然 learn學習 much more.
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我們一定能從中知道更多
01:48
But for the moment時刻, since以來 we have found發現
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但當下我們還沒找到新現象的證據
01:51
no evidence證據 for new phenomena現象, let us suppose假設
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讓我們假設我們今天知道的粒子
01:54
that the particles粒子 that we know today今天,
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01:57
including包含 the Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子,
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包含希格斯玻色子
01:59
are the only elementary初級 particles粒子 in nature性質,
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是自然界中僅有的基本粒子
02:02
even at energies能量 much larger
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即使它們能爆發的能量
比我們今天所知的多上更多
02:05
than what we have explored探討 so far.
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02:08
Let's see where this hypothesis假設 is going to lead us.
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我們來看看這個假設會帶來什麼事
02:12
We will find a surprising奇怪 and intriguing奇妙 result結果
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我們會發現宇宙驚奇又迷人的結果
02:16
about our universe宇宙, and to explain說明 my point,
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在我繼續解釋之前
02:19
let me first tell you what the Higgs希格斯 is about,
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先讓我說明希格斯玻色子是什麼
02:23
and to do so, we have to go back
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要說明的話,我們必須回到
02:26
to one tenth第十 of a billionth十億 of a second第二
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宇宙大爆炸之後的百億分之一秒
02:31
after the Big Bang.
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02:32
And according根據 to the Higgs希格斯 theory理論,
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根據希格斯理論
02:34
at that instant瞬間, a dramatic戲劇性 event事件 took place地點
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在那瞬間
一件非常戲劇化的事件在宇宙中發生
02:38
in the universe宇宙.
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02:39
Space-time時空 underwent後行 a phase transition過渡.
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時空經歷轉變期
02:44
It was something very similar類似 to the phase transition過渡
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這個轉變期
和水在零度以下結冰的過程非常像
02:47
that occurs發生 when water turns into ice
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02:51
below下面 zero degrees.
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02:53
But in our case案件, the phase transition過渡
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但這個例子裡
轉變期不是分子在物質裡的重新排列
02:56
is not a change更改 in the way the molecules分子
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are arranged安排 inside the material材料,
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03:01
but is about a change更改
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而是時空結構的改變
03:02
of the very fabric of space-time時空.
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03:06
During this phase transition過渡, empty space空間
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在這段轉變期,空間充滿物質
03:09
became成為 filled填充 with a substance物質
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03:11
that we now call Higgs希格斯 field領域.
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就是我們說的希格斯場
03:14
And this substance物質 may可能 seem似乎 invisible無形 to us,
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這種物質我們可能看不見
03:17
but it has a physical物理 reality現實.
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但卻擁有物理性質
03:19
It surrounds圍繞著 us all the time,
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它隨時環繞我們
03:21
just like the air空氣 we breathe呼吸 in this room房間.
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就像我們在這房間內呼吸的空氣一樣
03:25
And some elementary初級 particles粒子 interact相互作用
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有些基本粒子和這種物質互動
從過程中獲得能量
03:27
with this substance物質, gaining取得 energy能源 in the process處理.
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03:31
And this intrinsic固有 energy能源 is what we call
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這種內在的能量
就是我們今天說的粒子質量
03:34
the mass of a particle粒子,
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03:36
and by discovering發現 the Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子, the LHCLHC
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而藉由發現希格斯玻色子
LHC對撞機證實這種物質是真的
03:40
has conclusively確鑿 proved證實 that this substance物質 is real真實,
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03:44
because it is the stuff東東 the Higgs希格斯 bosons玻色子 are made製作 of.
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因為希格斯玻色子正由這種物質組成
03:48
And this, in a nutshell簡而言之, is the essence本質 of the Higgs希格斯 story故事.
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簡單來說,這就是希格斯故事的梗概
03:52
But this story故事 is far more interesting有趣 than that.
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但更有趣的在後頭
03:56
By studying研究 the Higgs希格斯 theory理論,
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研究希格斯理論的同時
03:59
theoretical理論 physicists物理學家 discovered發現,
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理論學家發現
04:01
not through通過 an experiment實驗
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並非經由實驗,而只是數學演算
04:03
but with the power功率 of mathematics數學,
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04:05
that the Higgs希格斯 field領域 does not necessarily一定 exist存在
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他們發現希格斯場並不是
只以我們今日發現的形式存在
04:09
only in the form形成 that we observe today今天.
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04:12
Just like matter can exist存在 as liquid液體 or solid固體,
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就像物質可以有液態和固態兩種狀態
04:18
so the Higgs希格斯 field領域, the substance物質 that fills填充 all space-time時空,
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所以希格斯場
也就是那填滿時空的物質
04:22
could exist存在 in two states狀態.
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可以存在於兩種狀態下
04:25
Besides除了 the known已知 Higgs希格斯 state,
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除了已知的希格斯場之外
04:28
there could be a second第二 state in which哪一個 the Higgs希格斯 field領域
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希格斯場還可能比現在
所知的高出幾十億密度存在
04:31
is billions數十億 and billions數十億 times denser更密集
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04:34
than what we observe today今天,
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04:36
and the mere existence存在 of another另一個 state
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光是另一種希格斯場的可能存在
04:40
of the Higgs希格斯 field領域 poses姿勢 a potential潛在 problem問題.
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就帶來了潛在的問題
04:44
This is because, according根據 to the laws法律
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因為根據量子力學定律
04:47
of quantum量子 mechanics機械學, it is possible可能
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兩種狀態之間的轉變是有可能的
04:50
to have transitions過渡 between之間 two states狀態,
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04:53
even in the presence存在 of an energy能源 barrier屏障
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即使兩個狀態之間有能量差間隔
04:56
separating分離 the two states狀態,
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04:59
and the phenomenon現象 is called,
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詞如其名,這個現象被稱為量子穿隧
05:01
quite相當 appropriately適當, quantum量子 tunneling隧道.
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05:05
Because of quantum量子 tunneling隧道,
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因為量子穿隧效應
05:07
I could disappear消失 from this room房間
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我可以從這間房間消失
05:09
and reappear再現 in the next下一個 room房間,
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再從另外一個房間出現
05:13
practically幾乎 penetrating入木三分 the wall.
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簡單來說就是穿越牆壁
05:16
But don't expect期望 me to actually其實 perform演出 the trick
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但別期待我會真的在你們面前表演
05:19
in front面前 of your eyes眼睛, because the probability可能性
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因為讓我能穿越牆壁的機率十分渺小
05:21
for me to penetrate穿透 the wall is ridiculously可笑 small.
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05:26
You would have to wait a really long time
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在這發生之前你們得等上好一陣子
05:28
before it happens發生, but believe me,
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但相信我
量子穿隧是一個真實存在的現象
05:31
quantum量子 tunneling隧道 is a real真實 phenomenon現象,
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05:34
and it has been observed觀察到的 in many許多 systems系統.
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且已經被很多機制發現
05:37
For instance, the tunnel隧道 diode二極管,
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例如,穿隧兩極真空管
一個在電子學中常用的組件
05:39
a component零件 used in electronics電子產品,
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05:42
works作品 thanks謝謝 to the wonders奇蹟
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因為量子穿隧效應而被製造出來
05:44
of quantum量子 tunneling隧道.
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05:46
But let's go back to the Higgs希格斯 field領域.
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但讓我們再回到希格斯場
05:49
If the ultra-dense超密集 Higgs希格斯 state existed存在,
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如果超濃度的希格斯場存在
05:53
then, because of quantum量子 tunneling隧道,
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那,因為量子穿隧效應
05:56
a bubble泡沫 of this state could suddenly突然 appear出現
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在這狀態下的泡泡
可以突然出現在宇宙中的特定時空
05:59
in a certain某些 place地點 of the universe宇宙 at a certain某些 time,
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06:03
and it is analogous類似 to what happens發生 when you boil water.
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就和我們煮滾水的時候一樣
06:06
Bubbles泡泡 of vapor form形成 inside the water,
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蒸氣泡泡從水中蒸發
06:09
then they expand擴大, turning車削 liquid液體 into gas加油站.
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然後膨脹,從液態變成氣態
06:13
In the same相同 way, a bubble泡沫 of the ultra-dense超密集 Higgs希格斯 state
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同理,一顆泡泡在超濃度的希格斯場
06:18
could come into existence存在 because of quantum量子 tunneling隧道.
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可以因為量子穿隧效應而出現
06:22
The bubble泡沫 would then expand擴大 at the speed速度 of light,
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泡泡會以光速膨脹,佔領空間
06:24
invading入侵 all space空間, and turning車削 the Higgs希格斯 field領域
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將希格斯場從熟悉帶到全新的狀態
06:28
from the familiar state into a new state.
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06:31
Is this a problem問題? Yes, it's a big a problem問題.
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這是個問題嗎?
是,很大的問題
06:36
We may可能 not realize實現 it in ordinary普通 life,
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在日常生活中可能難以理解
06:38
but the intensity強度 of the Higgs希格斯 field領域 is critical危急
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但希格斯場的密度
對於物質構造非常重要
06:42
for the structure結構體 of matter.
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06:44
If the Higgs希格斯 field領域 were only a few少數 times more intense激烈,
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如果希格斯場密度只是比一般高一點
06:48
we would see atoms原子 shrinking萎縮, neutrons中子 decaying衰減
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我們就會看到原子核中原子收縮
中子衰變,核子解體
06:51
inside atomic原子 nuclei原子核, nuclei原子核 disintegrating崩解,
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06:55
and hydrogen would be
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氫會變成宇宙中
唯一可能存在的化學元素
06:57
the only possible可能 chemical化學 element元件 in the universe宇宙.
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07:02
And the Higgs希格斯 field領域, in the ultra-dense超密集 Higgs希格斯 state,
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而超濃度的希格斯場
07:05
is not just a few少數 times more intense激烈 than today今天,
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並不是只比今天的希格斯場
密度高上幾倍
07:08
but billions數十億 of times,
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而是幾十億倍
07:11
and if space-time時空 were filled填充 by this Higgs希格斯 state,
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如果時空被這個希格斯場填滿
07:14
all atomic原子 matter would collapse坍方.
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所有原子物質都會崩解
07:17
No molecular分子 structures結構 would be possible可能, no life.
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沒有任何分子結構能夠存在
沒有生命
07:22
So, I wonder奇蹟, is it possible可能
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所以我想
未來希格斯場有可能會經歷轉變期
07:25
that in the future未來, the Higgs希格斯 field領域
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07:27
will undergo經歷 a phase transition過渡 and,
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和量子穿隧效應
07:30
through通過 quantum量子 tunneling隧道, will be transformed改造
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進入這個恐怖,高濃度的狀態嗎?
07:33
into this nasty討厭, ultra-dense超密集 state?
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07:38
In other words, I ask myself, what is the fate命運
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換句話說,我問自己
希格斯場在宇宙中的命運是什麼?
07:41
of the Higgs希格斯 field領域 in our universe宇宙?
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07:44
And the crucial關鍵 ingredient成分 necessary必要
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而回答這個問題的關鍵
在於希格斯玻色子的質量
07:47
to answer回答 this question is the Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子 mass.
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07:51
And experiments實驗 at the LHCLHC found發現 that the mass
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在一次LHC的實驗裡發現
07:55
of the Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子 is about 126 GeV電子伏特.
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希格斯玻色子的質量
是1260億電子伏特
07:59
This is tiny when expressed表達 in familiar units單位,
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用我們熟悉的單位表示的話其實不多
08:02
because it's equal等於 to something like
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差不多是10的負22次方公克
08:04
10 to the minus減去 22 grams,
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08:06
but it is large in particle粒子 physics物理 units單位,
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但是對粒子單位來說很大
08:10
because it is equal等於 to the weight重量
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它就等於是整個DNA分子的重量
08:12
of an entire整個 molecule分子
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08:14
of a DNA脫氧核糖核酸 constituent組分.
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08:17
So armed武裝 with this information信息 from the LHCLHC,
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有了從LHC得到的資料
再加上從歐洲核子研究組織得到的
08:20
together一起 with some colleagues同事 here at CERNCERN,
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08:22
we computed計算 the probability可能性
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我們試著計算
08:24
that our universe宇宙 could quantum量子 tunnel隧道
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宇宙經過量子穿隧
進入高濃度希格斯場的可能性
08:27
into the ultra-dense超密集 Higgs希格斯 state,
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08:30
and we found發現 a very intriguing奇妙 result結果.
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結果非常有趣
08:34
Our calculations計算 showed顯示
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我們的計算顯示
08:36
that the measured測量 value of the Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子 mass
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希格斯玻色子的質量非常特別
08:39
is very special特別.
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08:41
It has just the right value
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它的質量剛剛好
08:44
to keep the universe宇宙 hanging
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可以讓宇宙處在一個不安定的狀態
08:47
in an unstable不穩定 situation情況.
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08:49
The Higgs希格斯 field領域 is in a wobbly搖擺不定 configuration組態
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希格斯場的結構至今為止
仍處於搖擺不定的狀態
08:52
that has lasted歷時 so far
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08:54
but that will eventually終於 collapse坍方.
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但最終還是會崩塌
08:57
So according根據 to these calculations計算,
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根據我們的計算
09:01
we are like campers營員們
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我們就像露營的人
09:03
who accidentally偶然 set their tent帳篷
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不小心將帳篷搭在懸崖邊
09:05
at the edge邊緣 of a cliff懸崖.
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09:07
And eventually終於, the Higgs希格斯 field領域
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最後,希格斯場會經歷轉變期
09:09
will undergo經歷 a phase transition過渡
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09:11
and matter will collapse坍方 into itself本身.
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然後所有的物質會自我毀滅
09:14
So is this how humanity人性 is going to disappear消失?
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所以人類文明就是這樣消失的嗎?
09:17
I don't think so.
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我不這樣覺得
09:19
Our calculation計算 shows節目 that quantum量子 tunneling隧道
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我們的計算顯示
希格斯場的量子穿隧
09:22
of the Higgs希格斯 field領域 is not likely容易 to occur發生
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在接下來的10年到100年
不太可能會發生
09:26
in the next下一個 10 to the 100 years年份,
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09:29
and this is a very long time.
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這是一段很長的時間
09:32
It's even longer than
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甚至比義大利成立穩定的政府還要長
09:34
the time it takes for Italy意大利 to form形成 a stable穩定 government政府.
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09:38
(Laughter笑聲)
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09:40
Even so, we will be long gone走了 by then.
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即使發生了,我們也已經不在了
09:44
In about five billion十億 years年份,
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在約50億年後
09:47
our sun太陽 will become成為 a red giant巨人,
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太陽會變成紅巨星
09:49
as large as the Earth's地球 orbit軌道,
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和地球繞日的軌跡一樣大
09:52
and our Earth地球 will be kaput過時的,
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地球會毀掉
09:55
and in a thousand billion十億 years年份,
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1兆年之後
09:57
if dark黑暗 energy能源 keeps保持 on fueling加油
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如果黑暗能量還在供給
10:00
space空間 expansion擴張 at the present當下 rate,
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太空依現在的速度膨脹
10:02
you will not even be able能夠 to see as far as your toes腳趾,
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你連到腳趾頭這麼短的距離都看不到
10:07
because everything around you
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因為你身邊的事物
10:08
expands展開 at a rate faster更快 than the speed速度 of light.
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都在以比光速還要快的速度膨脹
10:12
So it is really unlikely不會
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所以要我們看到希格斯場膨脹
真的不怎麼可能
10:14
that we will be around to see the Higgs希格斯 field領域 collapse坍方.
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10:18
But the reason原因 why I am interested有興趣
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我對希格斯場轉換感興趣的原因是
10:21
in the transition過渡 of the Higgs希格斯 field領域
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10:23
is because I want to address地址 the question,
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因為我想問:
10:27
why is the Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子 mass so special特別?
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為何希格斯玻色子的質量如此特別?
10:32
Why is it just right to keep the universe宇宙
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為何它剛剛好讓宇宙
10:35
at the edge邊緣 of a phase transition過渡?
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處於轉變的邊緣?
10:38
Theoretical理論 physicists物理學家 always ask "why" questions問題.
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理論學家永遠喜歡問"為什麼"
10:42
More than how a phenomenon現象 works作品,
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不只是想要知道現象的成因
10:45
theoretical理論 physicists物理學家 are always interested有興趣 in
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理論學家更感興趣的是
10:47
why a phenomenon現象 works作品 in the way it works作品.
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為何一個現象會以現在這個方式運作
10:50
We think that this these "why" questions問題
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我們覺得這些"為什麼"可以給我們線索
10:54
can give us clues線索
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10:55
about the fundamental基本的 principles原則 of nature性質.
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找尋自然的基本定律
10:59
And indeed確實, a possible可能 answer回答 to my question
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而能解答我問題的可能答案
11:03
opens打開 up new universes宇宙, literally按照字面.
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開啟了整個宇宙
真的是字面上的開啟
11:07
It has been speculated推測 that our universe宇宙
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一直有人懷疑
我們的宇宙只是
眾多宇宙泡沫堆中的一個泡泡
11:11
is only a bubble泡沫 in a soapy肥皂水 multiverse多重宇宙
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11:15
made製作 out of a multitude of bubbles泡泡,
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眾多宇宙裡有數以萬計的泡泡
11:17
and each bubble泡沫 is a different不同 universe宇宙
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每個泡泡都是一個不同的宇宙
11:20
with different不同 fundamental基本的 constants常量
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擁有不同的內容物
11:22
and different不同 physical物理 laws法律.
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還有不同的定律
11:23
And in this context上下文, you can only talk about
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在這個假設下
11:25
the probability可能性 of finding發現 a certain某些 value of the Higgs希格斯 mass.
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我們只能討論確定希格斯質量的可能性
11:30
Then the key to the mystery神秘
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那麼解開謎團的關鍵
11:32
could lie謊言 in the statistical統計 properties性能
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就在這眾多宇宙中的統計特性
11:36
of the multiverse多重宇宙.
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11:38
It would be something like what happens發生
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它可能類似沙灘上的沙丘
11:40
with sand dunes沙丘 on a beach海灘.
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11:43
In principle原理, you could imagine想像 to find sand dunes沙丘
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基本上你可以想像
在沙灘上的任何坡度找到沙丘
11:45
of any slope angle角度 in a beach海灘,
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11:48
and yet然而, the slope angles of sand dunes沙丘
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但是沙丘的坡度通常都在30到35度左右
11:52
are typically一般 around 30, 35 degrees.
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11:56
And the reason原因 is simple簡單:
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原因很簡單
11:57
because wind builds建立 up the sand, gravity重力 makes品牌 it fall秋季.
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因為風堆起沙子,重力讓沙子掉下來
12:01
As a result結果, the vast廣大 majority多數 of sand dunes沙丘
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所以大部分的沙丘
12:04
have slope angles around the critical危急 value,
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都擁有剛好接近崩塌的斜度
12:08
near to collapse坍方.
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12:10
And something similar類似 could happen發生
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類似的事情也可能
發生於眾多宇宙中的希格斯玻色子
12:13
for the Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子 mass in the multiverse多重宇宙.
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12:17
In the majority多數 of bubble泡沫 universes宇宙,
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在眾多宇宙的泡泡中
12:20
the Higgs希格斯 mass could be around the critical危急 value,
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希格斯的質量
可能也在希格斯場接近崩塌的邊緣
12:23
near to a cosmic宇宙的 collapse坍方 of the Higgs希格斯 field領域,
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12:27
because of two competing競爭 effects效果,
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就像在沙丘的例子裡
有兩個互相抗衡的效應一樣
12:29
just as in the case案件 of sand.
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12:32
My story故事 does not have an end結束,
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我的故事不會結束
12:35
because we still don't know the end結束 of the story故事.
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因為我們還不知道故事的結局
12:39
This is science科學 in progress進展,
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科學一直在前進
12:42
and to solve解決 the mystery神秘, we need more data數據,
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為了解開謎團,我們需要更多數據
12:46
and hopefully希望, the LHCLHC will soon不久 add new clues線索
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希望LHC不久後
又會為這個故事提供更多新線索
12:51
to this story故事.
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12:54
Just one number, the Higgs希格斯 boson玻色子 mass,
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光是發現希格斯玻色子的質量
12:57
and yet然而, out of this number we learn學習 so much.
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就讓我們知道這麼多
13:03
I started開始 from a hypothesis假設, that the known已知 particles粒子
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我一開始假設
已知的粒子都在宇宙之中
13:06
are all there is in the universe宇宙,
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13:08
even beyond the domain explored探討 so far.
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甚至超出我們所知的宇宙
13:10
From this, we discovered發現 that the Higgs希格斯 field領域
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從這我們發現能跨越時空的希格斯場
13:14
that permeates滲透 space-time時空 may可能 be standing常設
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可能處在刀鋒
隨時可能引起宇宙崩塌
13:18
on a knife edge邊緣, ready準備 for cosmic宇宙的 collapse坍方,
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13:22
and we discovered發現 that this may可能 be a hint暗示
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我們發現這可能提醒我們
13:26
that our universe宇宙 is only a grain糧食 of sand
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我們的宇宙
只是眾多宇宙沙灘中的一顆沙粒
13:30
in a giant巨人 beach海灘, the multiverse多重宇宙.
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13:33
But I don't know if my hypothesis假設 is right.
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但我並不知道我的假設正不正確
13:37
That's how physics物理 works作品: A single measurement測量
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這就是物理學的運作方式
一套測量可將我們推向認識宇宙的新路
13:40
can put us on the road to a new understanding理解
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13:43
of the universe宇宙
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13:45
or it can send發送 us down a blind alley胡同.
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也可以送我們進死胡同
13:48
But whichever任何 it turns out to be,
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但不論結果如何
13:50
there is one thing I'm sure of:
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有一件事我很確定:
13:54
The journey旅程 will be full充分 of surprises驚喜.
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這趟旅程將會充滿驚喜
13:57
Thank you.
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謝謝
13:58
(Applause掌聲)
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Translated by Tien-Tzu Lin
Reviewed by Yuexin Gao

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gian Giudice - Theoretical physicist
Gian Giudice is a theoretical physicist who has contributed greatly to our present understanding of particle physics and cosmology.

Why you should listen

Gian Giudice is a permanent member of CERN's group for theoretical physics. He has researched topics like supersymmetry, extra dimensions and dark matter, and has formulated theories that describe the earliest stages of the universe and that apply our knowledge of the particle world to smaller distances.

As author of the popular book, A Zeptospace Odyssey, Giudice is active in communicating the complex work of the Large Hadron Collider to the public. Meant for the lay reader, the book shares both the innovations needed to build the LHC and the theories it was created to prove. After the Higgs boson discovery, Giudice found the surprising result that, if the Standard Model continues to hold up at very small distances, the universe must be in a critical state, near to a phase transition that could lead to the collapse of all atomic matter. Luckily, in his TED Talk, he shares that this would happen very, very, very far in the future.

More profile about the speaker
Gian Giudice | Speaker | TED.com

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