TEDGlobal 2017
Keller Rinaudo: How we're using drones to deliver blood and save lives
凱勒 ● 雷納多: 我們如何用無人機來遞送血液並拯救生命
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凱勒 ● 雷納多想要世界上的每個人都能夠得到基本的健康照護，不論有多難能觸及到他們。靠著他的新公司 Zipline，雷納多創造了世界上第一個國家規模的無人機遞送系統，用一個電動自動機隊來運輸血液和血漿到東非偏遠的診所。來看看雷納多和他的團隊如何合作來轉變整個世界的健康照護物流，同時也鼓舞下個世代的工程師。
Keller Rinaudo - Robotics entrepreneur
Keller Rinaudo is CEO and co-founder of Zipline, building drone delivery for global public health customers. (He's also co-founder of Romotive, makers of the tiny robot, Romo.) Full bio
Keller Rinaudo is CEO and co-founder of Zipline, building drone delivery for global public health customers. (He's also co-founder of Romotive, makers of the tiny robot, Romo.) Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Most people think
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大部份人認為，
00:17
that new technology or advanced technology
can never start in Africa.
can never start in Africa.
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新科技或先進科技
永遠不可能在非洲開始。
永遠不可能在非洲開始。
00:22
Instead, they think that the best way
to help the continent advance
to help the continent advance
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反之，他們認為要讓
這塊大陸進步的最佳方式，
這塊大陸進步的最佳方式，
是提供非洲無法為自己
00:25
is by providing aid or services
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00:28
that the continent
can't provide for itself.
can't provide for itself.
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提供的援助或服務。
00:31
So while we see advanced
technology like robotics
technology like robotics
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所以當我們看到先進科技，
像是機器人學
像是機器人學
00:35
and artificial intelligence
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及人工智慧，
00:36
growing exponentially
in the developed world,
in the developed world,
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在已開發國家中成指數成長，
00:39
those same people are worried
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同樣那些人也在擔心
00:40
that a technologically backward
Africa is falling behind.
Africa is falling behind.
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科技落後的非洲被遠拋在後。
00:45
That attitude couldn't be more wrong.
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那樣的態度真是錯到極致。
00:49
I'm a robotics entrepreneur
who's spent a lot of time here in Africa.
who's spent a lot of time here in Africa.
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我是位機器人創業家，
我很多時間都花在非洲這裡。
我很多時間都花在非洲這裡。
00:53
And in 2014 we created Zipline,
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在 2014 年，我們創立了 Zipline，
00:57
which is a company that uses
electric autonomous aircraft
electric autonomous aircraft
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它是一間公司，用電力自動飛機
01:01
to deliver medicine to hospitals
and health centers on demand.
and health centers on demand.
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按需求把藥品送到醫院和健康中心。
01:05
Last year, we launched the world's first
automated delivery system
automated delivery system
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去年，我們推出了世界
第一個自動化遞送系統，
第一個自動化遞送系統，
01:09
operating at national scale.
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以全國性的規模在運作。
01:11
And guess what?
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猜猜怎樣？
01:13
We did not do that in the US,
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我們沒有在美國那樣做，
01:16
we didn't do it in Japan,
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我們沒有在日本那樣做，
01:18
and we didn't do it in Europe.
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我們沒有在歐洲那樣做。
01:20
It was actually President Paul Kagame
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其實是保羅卡加梅總統
01:23
and the Rwandan Ministry of Health
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和盧安達健康部長
01:26
that made a big bet
on the potential of this technology
on the potential of this technology
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下了很大的賭注
在這項科技的潛力上，
在這項科技的潛力上，
01:29
and signed a commercial contract
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簽訂了商業合約，
01:31
to deliver a majority
of the country's blood on demand.
of the country's blood on demand.
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按需求來為該國做
大部份的血液遞送。
大部份的血液遞送。
01:35
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
01:41
Yeah, they deserve the applause.
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是的，掌聲是他們應得的。
01:44
So why is blood important?
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為什麼血液很重要？
01:46
Rwanda collects between 60- and 80,000
units of blood a year.
units of blood a year.
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盧安達每年收集的血液有
60,000~80,000 單位。
60,000~80,000 單位。
01:50
So this is a product
that when you need it,
that when you need it,
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這種產品是當你需要它時，
01:52
you really, really need it.
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你就是真的非常需要它。
01:54
But blood is also challenging,
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但血液也很有挑戰性，
01:56
because it has a very short shelf life,
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因為它的保存期限很短，
01:59
there are lots of different
storage requirements,
storage requirements,
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貯藏上又有很多不同的要求，
02:02
and it's really hard to predict the demand
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且在病人真正需要之前，
02:04
for all of these different blood groups
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非常難預測各種
02:06
before a patient actually needs something.
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不同血液的需求。
02:09
But the cool thing is
that using this technology,
that using this technology,
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但很酷的是使用這項科技，
02:12
Rwanda has been able to keep
more blood centralized
more blood centralized
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盧安達就能讓更多血液集中起來，
02:15
and then provide it
when a patient needs something
when a patient needs something
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然後在病人有需時提供給
02:18
to any hospital or health center
in an average of just 20 or 30 minutes.
in an average of just 20 or 30 minutes.
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任何醫院或健康中心，
平均只要花 20 或 30 分鐘。
平均只要花 20 或 30 分鐘。
02:23
Do you guys want to see how it works?
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你們想要看它怎麼運作的嗎？
02:24
(Audience) Yes.
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（觀眾）要。
02:26
All right. Nobody believes me,
so ... better to show.
so ... better to show.
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好，沒人相信我。
所以，還是讓大家看看吧。
所以，還是讓大家看看吧。
02:28
This is our distribution center,
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這是我們的分配中心，
02:30
which is about 20 kilometers
outside of Kigali.
outside of Kigali.
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它位在吉佳利外大約 20 公里處。
02:34
This actually used to be a cornfield
nine months ago,
nine months ago,
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九個月前它還是片玉米田，
02:37
and with the Rwandan government,
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我們配合盧安達政府，
02:38
we leveled it and built this center
in a couple weeks.
in a couple weeks.
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用兩個星期剷平它，建立了這個中心。
02:41
So when a patient is having an emergency,
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當病人有緊急狀況時，
02:43
a doctor or a nurse at that hospital
can send us a WhatsApp,
can send us a WhatsApp,
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該醫院的醫生或護士會用
WhatsApp 發訊息給我們，
WhatsApp 發訊息給我們，
02:47
telling us what they need.
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告訴我們他們需要什麼。
02:48
And then our team will immediately
spring into action.
spring into action.
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我們的團隊就會馬上動起來。
02:51
We pull the blood from our stock,
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我們從庫存取出血液，
02:53
which is delivered from the National
Center for Blood Transfusion;
Center for Blood Transfusion;
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它們是國家輸血中心送過來的；
02:56
we scan the blood into our system
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我們把血液掃瞄到我們的系統中，
02:58
so the Ministry of Health
knows where the blood is going;
knows where the blood is going;
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這樣健康部就會知道血液的去向；
03:01
and then we'll basically
pack it into a Zip,
pack it into a Zip,
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接著我們會把它們打包放入 Zip，
03:03
which is what we call
these little autonomous airplanes
these little autonomous airplanes
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Zip 是我們對小型自動飛機的稱呼，
03:06
that run on batteries.
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它們的動力是電池。
03:08
And then once that Zip is ready to go,
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當 Zip 準備好出發時，
03:10
we accelerate it from zero
to 100 kilometers an hour
to 100 kilometers an hour
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我們在大約半秒內就把它
從每小時 0 公里
從每小時 0 公里
03:13
in about half of a second.
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加速到 100 公里。
03:18
(Audience) Whoa!
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（觀眾）哇！
03:19
And from the moment it leaves
the end of the launcher,
the end of the launcher,
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從它離開發射器的那一刻，
03:22
it's completely autonomous.
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它就是全自動的了。
03:24
(Video: Air traffic controller
directs traffic)
directs traffic)
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（影片：空中交通管制員指揮交通）
03:26
This is our air traffic
controller calling it in
controller calling it in
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這位是我們的空中交通管制員通報
03:29
to Kigali International Airport.
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吉佳利國際機場。
03:31
And when the Zip arrives at the hospital,
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當這台 Zip 到達醫院，
03:33
it descends to about 30 feet
and drops the package.
and drops the package.
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它會下降約 30 英呎，丟下包裏。
03:35
We use a really simple paper parachute --
simple things are best --
simple things are best --
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我們用非常簡單的紙降落傘
──簡單的是最好的──
──簡單的是最好的──
03:39
that allows the package to come
to the ground gently and reliably
to the ground gently and reliably
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包裏就能每次都和緩地、可靠地
03:42
in the same place every time.
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在同一處落地。
03:44
So it's just like ride sharing;
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這就像是共乘；
03:46
the doctors get a text message
one minute before we arrive, saying,
one minute before we arrive, saying,
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在我們到達的前一分鐘，
醫生會收到訊息，寫著：
醫生會收到訊息，寫著：
03:50
"Walk outside and receive your delivery."
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「走出去接收你的快遞。」
03:52
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:53
And then --
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接著──
03:54
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
04:01
and then the doctors have what they need
to save a patient's life.
to save a patient's life.
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接著醫生就有拯救病人性命
所需要的東西了。
所需要的東西了。
04:05
This is actually watching a delivery
happen from our distribution center;
happen from our distribution center;
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這其實就是從我們的分配中心
監看著某次快遞的進行；
監看著某次快遞的進行；
04:09
this vehicle is about 50 kilometers away.
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這架飛機大約在 50 公里外。
04:12
We're able to watch the vehicle
as it makes a delivery at a hospital
as it makes a delivery at a hospital
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我們能夠看著飛機在醫院完成投遞
04:16
in real time.
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的即時影像。
04:17
You may have noticed there are pings
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你們可能有注意到，
04:19
that are coming off
of that vehicle on the screen.
of that vehicle on the screen.
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螢幕上的飛機發送訊號（pings），
04:22
Those pings are actually data packets
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其實是資料封包的訊號，
04:23
that we're getting
over the cell phone networks.
over the cell phone networks.
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我們用手機網路取得的那種。
04:26
So these planes have SIM cards
just like your cell phone does,
just like your cell phone does,
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這些飛機有 SIM 卡，
和你們的手機一樣，
和你們的手機一樣，
04:29
and they're communicating
over the cell network
over the cell network
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它們透過手機網路來溝通，
04:31
to tell us where they are
and how they're doing at all times.
and how they're doing at all times.
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隨時告訴我們它們的所在以及狀況。
04:34
Believe it or not,
we actually buy family plans --
we actually buy family plans --
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信不信，我們辦了家庭優惠方案──
（註：手機一人多門號的方案）
（註：手機一人多門號的方案）
04:37
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:38
for this fleet of vehicles,
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為這支機隊辦的，
04:39
because that's how we get the best rates.
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因為這樣費率會最理想。
04:41
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:42
It's actually not a joke.
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這並不是個笑話。
04:44
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:47
So today, we're delivering
about 20 percent
about 20 percent
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在吉佳利以外，現今大約有 20%
04:51
of the national blood supply of Rwanda
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盧安達國家血液供應遞送
04:53
outside of Kigali.
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由我們做的。
04:55
We serve about 12 hospitals,
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我們服務約 12 間醫院，
04:57
and we're adding hospitals to that network
at an accelerating rate.
at an accelerating rate.
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且以越來越快的速度
將更多的醫院加到我們的網絡。
將更多的醫院加到我們的網絡。
05:00
All of those hospitals only receive
blood in this way,
blood in this way,
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所有那些醫院都只用
這種方式來接收血液，
這種方式來接收血液，
05:03
and most of those hospitals
actually place multiple orders every day.
actually place multiple orders every day.
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且大部份這些醫院
每天都會下多張訂單。
每天都會下多張訂單。
05:09
So the reason --
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之所以──
05:10
in all of health care logistics,
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在所有的健康照護物流中，
05:12
you're always trading off
waste against access.
waste against access.
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你總是在浪費和取得之間做權衡。
05:15
So if you want to solve waste,
you keep everything centralized.
you keep everything centralized.
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如果你想解決浪費問題，
你就得讓所有東西集中。
你就得讓所有東西集中。
05:19
As a result, when patients
are having emergencies,
are having emergencies,
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結果就是，當病人有緊急情況時，
05:22
sometimes they don't have
the medical product they need.
the medical product they need.
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有時他們沒有
他們所需要的醫療產品。
他們所需要的醫療產品。
如果你想解決取得問題，
05:25
If you want to solve access, you stock
a lot of medicine at the last mile,
a lot of medicine at the last mile,
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就在最後一哩路的健康中心
或醫院囤積很多藥品，
或醫院囤積很多藥品，
05:29
at hospitals or health centers,
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那麼病人就有他們需要的藥品。
05:30
and then patients have
the medicine they need.
the medicine they need.
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但你最後會得要丟棄很多藥品，
05:33
But you end up throwing
a lot of medicine out,
a lot of medicine out,
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非常浪費。
05:35
which is very expensive.
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很了不起的是
05:36
What's so amazing is that the Rwandan
government has been able
government has been able
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盧安達政府能夠永久打破這個循環。
05:39
to break this cycle permanently.
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因為醫生可以馬上取得
他們需要的東西，
他們需要的東西，
05:41
Because doctors can get
what they need instantly,
what they need instantly,
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05:45
they actually stock
less blood at the hospitals.
less blood at the hospitals.
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他們在醫院貯藏的血液就少了。
05:48
So although use of blood products
has increased substantially
has increased substantially
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所以，雖然我們服務的所有醫院
對於血液產品的用量都持續增加，
05:52
at all the hospitals we serve,
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05:54
in the last nine months,
zero units of blood have expired
zero units of blood have expired
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過去九個月，在這些醫院中
05:58
at any of these hospitals.
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沒有任何一單位的血液過期。
06:00
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
06:06
That's an amazing result.
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那是非常了不起的結果。
06:08
That's actually not been achieved
by any other health care system
by any other health care system
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地球上的任何其他健康照護系統
06:11
on the planet,
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都還無法做到，
06:12
and it happened here.
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但在這裡卻成真了。
06:15
But obviously, when we're talking about
delivering medical products instantly,
delivering medical products instantly,
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但顯然地，當我們談到
立即遞送醫療產品，
立即遞送醫療產品，
06:19
the most important thing is patients.
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最重要的就是病人了。
06:22
Let me give you an example.
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讓我給各位一個例子。
06:24
A couple months ago, a 24-year-old mother
came into one of the hospitals
came into one of the hospitals
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一位 24 歲的母親幾個月前
到我們所服務的
到我們所服務的
06:28
that we serve,
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其中一家醫院，
06:29
and she gave birth via C-section.
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她剖腹產生下了孩子。
06:31
But that led to complications,
and she started to bleed.
and she started to bleed.
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但造成了併發症，她開始流血。
06:35
Luckily, the doctors had some blood
of her blood type on hand
of her blood type on hand
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幸運的是，醫生手上就有
和她同血型的血液，
和她同血型的血液，
06:39
that had been delivered
via Zipline's routine service,
via Zipline's routine service,
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那是之前透過 Zipline
例行遞送所送來的，
例行遞送所送來的，
06:42
and so they transfused her
with a couple units of blood.
with a couple units of blood.
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所以他們為她輸了幾單位的血。
06:45
But she bled out of those units
in about 10 minutes.
in about 10 minutes.
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但約十分鐘，她的出血量
就高出輸血量了。
就高出輸血量了。
06:49
In this case, that mother's life
is in grave danger --
is in grave danger --
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在這個案例中，
那位母親的性命岌岌可危──
那位母親的性命岌岌可危──
06:53
in any hospital in the world.
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在世界上任何醫院
都會是一樣的情況。
都會是一樣的情況。
06:56
But luckily, the doctors
who were taking care of her
who were taking care of her
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但幸運的是，照顧她的醫生
06:59
immediately called
our distribution center,
our distribution center,
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馬上打給我們的分配中心，
07:02
they placed an emergency order,
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下了一張緊急訂單，
07:04
and our team actually did emergency
delivery after emergency delivery
delivery after emergency delivery
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我們的團隊做了一次又一次
07:08
after emergency delivery.
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又再一次的緊急遞送。
07:10
They ended up sending
seven units of red blood cells,
seven units of red blood cells,
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他們最後共遞送了
7 單位的紅血球細胞、
7 單位的紅血球細胞、
07:13
four units of plasma
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4 單位的血漿、
07:14
and two units of platelets.
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2 單位的血小板。
07:15
That's more blood than you have
in your entire body.
in your entire body.
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這已經比你整個身體中
所有血液還多了。
所有血液還多了。
07:19
All of it was transfused into her,
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所有的血都輸給了她，
07:21
the doctors were able to stabilize her,
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醫生得以把她穩定下來，
07:23
and she is healthy today.
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現在她很健康。
07:26
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
07:32
Since we launched, we've done about 400
emergency deliveries like that,
emergency deliveries like that,
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從我們開張之後，我們已經做了
約 400 次像那樣的緊急遞送，
約 400 次像那樣的緊急遞送，
07:37
and there's a story like that one
behind most of those emergencies.
behind most of those emergencies.
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幾乎每個緊急事件，
背後都有一個像那樣的故事。
背後都有一個像那樣的故事。
07:40
Here are just a couple of the moms
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這裡是幾位母親，
07:42
who have received transfusions in this way
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在過去幾個月，
她們都用這種方式接受輸血。
07:44
in the last couple months.
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07:47
We're always reminded: when we can help
a doctor save a mom's life,
a doctor save a mom's life,
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我們總會想起：當我們能協助
一名醫生拯救一名母親的性命，
一名醫生拯救一名母親的性命，
07:51
it's not just her life that you're saving.
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拯救的並不只是她的性命。
07:53
That's also a baby boy or a baby girl
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也救了那位男寶寶或女寶寶，
07:56
who has a mother while they're growing up.
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他們在成長的過程將會有母親陪伴。
08:00
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
08:05
But I want to be clear:
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但我想要說清楚：
08:06
postpartum hemorrhaging --
it's not a Rwanda problem,
it's not a Rwanda problem,
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產後出血──
那不是只有盧安達才會有的問題，
那不是只有盧安達才會有的問題，
08:09
it's not a developing-world problem --
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那不是開發中世界才會有的問題──
08:11
this is a global problem.
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它是個全球性問題。
08:12
Maternal health is a challenge everywhere.
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無論何處，母親健康都是個挑戰。
08:14
The main difference is that
Rwanda was the first country
Rwanda was the first country
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差別在於，盧安達是第一個
08:17
to use radical technology
to do something about it.
to do something about it.
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用極端科技來採取行動的國家。
08:20
And that's the reason this attitude
of Africa being disrupted
of Africa being disrupted
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所以，認為非洲被顛覆、
先進科技在這裡行不通的態度，
08:25
or advanced technology not working here
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或是認為非洲需要援助的態度，
08:27
or needing aid
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08:28
is so totally wrong.
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是大錯特錯。
08:29
Africa can be the disrupter.
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非洲可以扮演顛覆者。
08:32
These small, agile, developing economies
can out-innovate large, rich ones.
can out-innovate large, rich ones.
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這些開發中、機靈的小型經濟體，
可在創新上勝過富有的大型經濟體。
可在創新上勝過富有的大型經濟體。
08:37
And they can totally leapfrog over
the absence of legacy infrastructure
the absence of legacy infrastructure
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它們完全可以跳過沒有
前人留下基礎建設的狀況，
前人留下基礎建設的狀況，
08:41
to go straight to newer
and better systems.
and better systems.
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直接使用更新更好的系統。
08:44
In 2000,
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在 2000 年，
08:45
if you had said that high-quality
cellular networks were about to roll out
cellular networks were about to roll out
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如果你說高品質手機網路將要襲捲
08:49
across all of Africa,
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整個非洲，
08:50
people would have told you
that you were crazy.
that you were crazy.
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別人會告訴你，你瘋了。
08:53
And yet, no one anticipated
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然而，沒有人預期到
08:56
how fast those networks were going
to connect and empower people.
to connect and empower people.
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那些網路能那麼快
連結人們、賦予人們能力。
連結人們、賦予人們能力。
09:00
Today, 44 percent of the GDP of Kenya
flows through M-Pesa,
flows through M-Pesa,
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現今，肯亞的 GDP
有 44% 都透過 M-Pesa，
有 44% 都透過 M-Pesa，
09:04
their mobile payment platform.
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他們的行動支付平台。
09:06
And not only that,
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不只如此，
09:07
but our autonomous fleet of vehicles
relies on that cellular network.
relies on that cellular network.
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我們的自動機隊
也要靠手機網路運作。
也要靠手機網路運作。
09:11
Over the next few years as we start
serving private health care facilities,
serving private health care facilities,
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接下來的幾年，我們會開始
服務私人健康照護機構，
服務私人健康照護機構，
09:15
we'll also use that mobile
payment platform
payment platform
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我們也會使用那行動支付平台，
09:17
to collect fees for deliveries.
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來收取遞送運費。
09:19
So innovation leads to more innovation
leads to more innovation.
leads to more innovation.
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創新造成更多創新，
再造成更多創新。
再造成更多創新。
09:23
And meanwhile,
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同時，
09:25
most people who live
in developed economies
in developed economies
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住在已開發經濟體中的大部份人
09:28
think that drone delivery
is technologically impossible,
is technologically impossible,
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認為無人機遞送
在技術上是不可行的，
在技術上是不可行的，
09:32
let alone happening
at national scale in East Africa.
at national scale in East Africa.
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更不可能會發生在東非，
且規模還廣至全國。
且規模還廣至全國。
09:36
And I do mean East Africa,
not just Rwanda.
not just Rwanda.
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我確實是指東非，不只盧安達。
09:40
On Thursday, just a couple days ago,
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星期四，幾天之前，
09:42
the Tanzanian Ministry of Health announced
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坦桑尼亞的健康部宣佈
09:45
that they are going to use
this same technology
this same technology
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他們將會用同樣的科技，
09:48
to provide instant delivery
of a wide range of medical products
of a wide range of medical products
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針對多種醫療產品做立即的遞送，
09:51
to 10 million of the hardest to reach
people in the country.
people in the country.
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對象是全國最難接觸到的一千萬人。
09:55
(Applause)
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3219
（掌聲）
10:02
It's actually going to be the largest
autonomous system anywhere in the world.
autonomous system anywhere in the world.
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這將會是世界上最大型的自動系統。
10:06
To give you a sense
of what this looks like,
of what this looks like,
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讓各位概略了解一下這個系統，
10:08
this is one of the first
distribution centers.
distribution centers.
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這是最早的分配中心之一。
10:10
You can see a 75-kilometer service radius
around the distribution center,
around the distribution center,
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這是 75 公里的服務半徑，
以分配中心為圓心，
以分配中心為圓心，
10:14
and that allows us to serve hundreds
of health facilities and hospitals,
of health facilities and hospitals,
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這讓我們能夠從單一個
分配中心來提供服務
分配中心來提供服務
10:18
all of which are rural,
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給數百間位在郊區的
10:19
from that single distribution center.
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健康機構和醫院。
10:21
But to serve over 20 percent
of the population of Tanzania,
of the population of Tanzania,
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但若要服務坦尚尼亞
20% 以上的人口，
20% 以上的人口，
10:24
we're going to need
multiple distribution centers.
multiple distribution centers.
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我們會需要多間分配中心。
10:26
We'll actually need four.
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其實我們需要四間。
10:28
And from these distribution centers,
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從這些分配中心，
10:30
we expect to be doing several hundred
lifesaving deliveries every day,
lifesaving deliveries every day,
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我們預期每天會進行
數百趟救命的遞送，
數百趟救命的遞送，
10:35
and this system will ultimately serve
over 1,000 health facilities
over 1,000 health facilities
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這個系統最終將能服務
該國超過 1,000 間
該國超過 1,000 間
健康機構以及醫院。
10:39
and hospitals in the country.
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10:41
So yeah, East Africa
is moving really fast.
is moving really fast.
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所以，是的，東非進展地非常快。
10:47
One thing that people, I think, often miss
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我認為，人們常會忽略一件事，
10:49
is that these kinds of leaps
generate compounding gains.
generate compounding gains.
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就是這種躍進會產生複合的收益。
10:53
For example, Rwanda, by investing
in this infrastructure for health care,
in this infrastructure for health care,
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比如，盧安達投資了
這項健康照護的基礎建設，
這項健康照護的基礎建設，
10:57
now has an aerial logistics network
that they can use
that they can use
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現在該國就有個物流網可以使用，
11:01
to catalyze other parts of their economy,
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來催化該國經濟的其他部份，
11:05
like agriculture or e-commerce.
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比如農業或電子商務。
11:07
Even more importantly,
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更重要的是，
11:08
100 percent of the teams we hire
at these distribution centers are local.
at these distribution centers are local.
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我們在這些分配中心
所僱用的團隊通通都是當地人。
所僱用的團隊通通都是當地人。
11:13
So here's our Rwandan team,
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這是我們的盧安達團隊，
11:15
which is a group of extraordinary
engineers and operators.
engineers and operators.
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3380
由一群不凡的工程師和操作員組成。
11:19
They run the world's only
automated delivery system
automated delivery system
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他們在經營世界上
唯一的自動化遞送系統，
唯一的自動化遞送系統，
且以國家規模在營運。
11:24
operating at national scale.
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1633
11:27
They have been able to master something
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2203
他們所能精通的東西，
11:29
that the largest technology
companies in the world
companies in the world
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是世界上最大的科技公司
11:32
have not yet been able to figure out.
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2008
都還沒辦法想出來的。
11:34
So they are total heroes.
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所以他們絕對是英雄。
11:36
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
11:41
They're total heroes.
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他們絕對是英雄。
11:42
Our team's mission is to deliver
basic access to medicine
basic access to medicine
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我們團隊的使命，是要讓
地球上所有七十億人口
地球上所有七十億人口
11:47
to all seven billion people on the planet,
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都能有基本的藥品取得方式，
不管接觸到他們是有多麼地困難。
11:49
no matter how hard it is to reach them.
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2239
11:51
We often tell people about that mission,
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我們常告訴別人這個使命，
11:53
and they say, "That's so generous
of you, it's so philanthropic."
of you, it's so philanthropic."
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他們說：「你們好大方，好博愛。」
11:56
No!
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1362
不！
11:58
Philanthropy has nothing to do with it.
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這和博愛無關。
12:00
Because of the commercial contracts
that we sign with ministries of health,
that we sign with ministries of health,
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3614
因為我們和健康部所簽訂的商業合約，
12:03
these networks are 100 percent
sustainable and scalable.
sustainable and scalable.
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711985
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這些網路是 100% 永續且可擴展的。
12:08
And the reason we feel so strongly
about correcting that misperception
about correcting that misperception
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我們非常在意要修正
那種錯誤認知的原因，
那種錯誤認知的原因，
12:11
is that entrepreneurship
is the only force in human history
is the only force in human history
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是因為企業家精神是人類歷史上唯一
12:14
that has lifted millions
of people out of poverty.
of people out of poverty.
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能讓數百萬人脫離貧困的力量。
12:17
(Applause)
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2765
（掌聲）
12:21
No amount of foreign aid
is going to sustainably employ
is going to sustainably employ
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不論多少的外援都無法永續地僱用
12:25
250 million African youth.
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250 百萬個非洲年輕人。
12:30
And the jobs that these kids
may have gotten 10 years ago
may have gotten 10 years ago
255
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而這些孩子十年前可以找到的工作，
12:35
are largely being automated
256
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現在已經大多數
12:36
or are being changed
dramatically by technology.
dramatically by technology.
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被自動化或科技給驟然改變了。
12:39
So they are looking for new skill sets,
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所以他們在尋找新的技能知識，
12:41
new competitive advantages.
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新的競爭優勢。
12:42
They're looking for start-ups.
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他們在尋找新公司。
12:45
So why aren't there more start-ups
that are tackling these global problems
that are tackling these global problems
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所以為什麼沒有更多新公司
來處理這些全球問題，
來處理這些全球問題，
12:50
that are faced by billions of people
in developing economies?
in developing economies?
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3073
發展中經濟體的數十億人民
所面臨的問題？
所面臨的問題？
12:54
The reason is that investors
and entrepreneurs are totally blind
and entrepreneurs are totally blind
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原因是，投資者和企業家完全看不見
12:58
to the opportunity.
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這個機會。
12:59
We think these problems are the domain
of NGOs or governments,
of NGOs or governments,
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4353
我們認為這些問題是非政府組織
或政府要處理的領域，
或政府要處理的領域，
13:03
not private companies.
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而非私人企業的。
13:05
That's what we have to change.
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那就是我們得改變的。
13:09
You may have noticed
I left something out of the video
I left something out of the video
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2787
你們可能有注意到，我剛剛播的影片
13:12
that I showed you.
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少了什麼東西。
13:14
I didn't show you how the planes land
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1845
我沒有讓你們看到飛機
13:15
when they get back
to the distribution center.
to the distribution center.
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回到分配中心時如何降落。
13:18
So, it might be obvious to you:
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顯而易見地，你可能發現：
13:21
none of our planes have landing gear.
273
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1812
我們的飛機都沒有起落架。
13:23
We also don't have runways
where we operate.
where we operate.
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2096
我們營運的地方也沒有跑道。
13:25
So we have to be able
to decelerate the plane
to decelerate the plane
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2210
所以我們得要讓飛機減速，
13:27
from about 100 kilometers an hour
to zero in half of a second.
to zero in half of a second.
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3372
在半秒內從每小時
100 公里減到 0 公里。
100 公里減到 0 公里。
13:30
And the way we do that
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1570
而我們的做法是，
13:32
is we actually use a wire that tracks
that plane as it comes in,
that plane as it comes in,
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3748
當飛機進來時，
我們用一條繩索絆住飛機，
我們用一條繩索絆住飛機，
13:36
with centimeter-level accuracy.
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精確度可以到只差幾公分。
13:37
We snag the plane out of the sky,
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我們把飛機從天上勾下來，
13:40
and then we gently plop it
onto an actively inflated cushion.
onto an actively inflated cushion.
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然後我們輕輕讓它
落在主動式充氣墊上。
落在主動式充氣墊上。
13:44
This is basically a combination
of an aircraft carrier
of an aircraft carrier
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基本上，這個想法結合了航空母艦
13:47
and a bouncy castle.
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及彈跳堡的概念。
13:48
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
13:50
So let me show you.
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讓我放給各位看。
13:58
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
14:00
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
14:06
And it might be obvious to you
why I wanted to end with this video.
why I wanted to end with this video.
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你們應該看得出來我為什麼
要用這段影片來做結尾。
要用這段影片來做結尾。
14:10
I wanted to show you the kids
and the teenagers
and the teenagers
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我想讓你們看看，在欄杆外面，
14:12
who line up on the fence every day.
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每天都排滿了孩子和青少年。
14:15
They cheer every launch and every landing.
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每次發射和每次降落，
他們都會歡呼。
他們都會歡呼。
14:18
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
14:19
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
14:24
Sometimes I actually show up
at the distribution center early
at the distribution center early
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有時候我會早到分配中心，
14:27
because I'm jet-lagged.
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因為我有時差。
14:28
I'll show up an hour before
we begin operation.
we begin operation.
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我會在開始營業前一小時就到。
14:30
And there will be kids on the fence
getting good seats.
getting good seats.
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就已經有孩子到欄杆外搶好位置了。
14:33
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
14:34
And you go up and you ask them,
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你過去，問他們：
14:36
"What do you think about the planes?"
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「你們覺得這些飛機如何？」
14:38
And they'll say, "Oh,
it's a sky ambulance."
it's a sky ambulance."
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他們會說：「喔，這是飛天救護車。」
14:41
So they get it.
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所以他們能懂。
14:42
I mean, they get it more than most adults.
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他們比大部份的成人還懂。
14:45
So I was asking earlier:
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所以我先前在問：
14:47
Who is going to be creating the disruptive
technology companies of Africa
technology companies of Africa
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接下來的十年，有誰要
創造非洲的顛覆性
創造非洲的顛覆性
14:52
over the next decade?
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技術公司？
14:54
Ultimately, it's going
to be up to these kids.
to be up to these kids.
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最終，將會是這些孩子的責任。
14:58
They are the engineers
of Rwanda and Africa.
of Rwanda and Africa.
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他們是盧安達和非洲的工程師。
15:02
They are the engineers
of our shared future.
of our shared future.
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他們是我們共享未來的工程師。
15:07
But the only way they can build
that future is if we realize
that future is if we realize
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但要讓他們能建立那樣的未來，
我們就得了解到，
我們就得了解到，
非洲中改變世界的公司是能壯大的，
15:11
that world-changing companies
can scale in Africa,
can scale in Africa,
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15:14
and that disruptive technology
can start here first.
can start here first.
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而顛覆性科技能從非洲最先開始。
15:18
Thanks.
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謝謝。
15:19
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Keller Rinaudo - Robotics entrepreneurKeller Rinaudo is CEO and co-founder of Zipline, building drone delivery for global public health customers. (He's also co-founder of Romotive, makers of the tiny robot, Romo.)
Why you should listen
As CEO and co-founder of Zipline, a drone delivery company focused on health care, Keller Rinaudo works with the country of Rwanda to make last-mile deliveries of blood to half of the transfusing facilities in the country. The ultimate goal is to put each of the 12 million citizens of Rwanda within a 15–30 minute delivery of any essential medical product they need, no matter where they live.
Zipline is also working with GAVI, UPS, USAID and several other countries in East Africa. The company is a team of 60 aerospace and software engineers headquartered in San Francisco, CA. It's funded by Sequoia Capital, Google Ventures, Paul Allen, Jerry Yang and Stanford University. Rinaudo is also a professional rock climber ranked top 10 in sport climbing. He has scaled alpine cliffs in France, underwater caves in Kentucky and the limestone towers of Yangshuo, China.
Keller Rinaudo | Speaker | TED.com