Asmeret Asefaw Berhe: A climate change solution that's right under our feet
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe: Talpunk alatt a megoldás a klímaváltozásra
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe is a soil and global-change scientist and educator passionate about all things related to the science and beauty of soils. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
posed by climate change
létrejött globális kihívásra
that covers the surface of land,
fedőréteg a föld felszínén,
our planet's destiny.
that covers the earth's surface,
and lifelessness in the earth system,
az élettelenség közötti határ.
combat climate change
of greenhouse gases
gázok mennyisége,
our human society could do
megoldás számunkra
studying soil since I was 18,
the secrets of soil
really important climate change solution.
szerepe van a klímaváltozás megoldásában.
in the earth's atmosphere
a Föld légkörében
9.4 billion metric tons of carbon
such as burning fossil fuels
tevékenységeket folytatunk,
the way we use land,
that stays in the atmosphere
szén-dioxid-koncentráció
we keep releasing into the atmosphere
by land and the seas
as carbon sequestration.
folyamata során.
you think we're facing
folyamatoknak a hatása,
of 50 percent of our pollution,
are bailing us out.
a javunkra dolgoznak.
working against us right now.
dolgozik most ellenünk.
of these natural ecosystems
from the atmosphere
mert az emberi tevékenység folytán
degradation because of human actions.
veszélyeknek van kitéve.
by these natural ecosystems
akkor is kiegyenlítik-e a hatásokat,
business-as-usual path that we've been.
szokásos tevékenységeinken.
metric tons of carbon in the soil.
szén van a talajrétegben.
the amount of carbon
mint az a szénmennyiség,
into the atmosphere currently.
than there is in vegetation and air.
vagy a levegőben lévőnek.
of the world's vegetation,
and the giant sequoias,
és az óriás mamutfenyőket,
on the face of the earth,
up in the atmosphere, combined,
összes szén mennyiségét,
in the amount of carbon stored in soil
már egy kis változás is
in maintenance of the earth's atmosphere.
atmoszférájának megtartására.
a storage box for carbon, though.
that's in soil at any given time
coming in and out of the soil.
szén mennyiségétől.
through the process of photosynthesis,
from the atmosphere
szén-dioxidot vesznek fel,
their bodies enter the soil.
bekerülnek a talajba.
formerly living organisms
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,
such as methane and nitrous oxide,
metán és dinitrogén-oxid,
we all need to survive.
ami a túlélésünkhöz kell.
such a fundamental component
legfontosabb tényező
káros hatásának enyhítésében,
a long-term storage of carbon.
távú raktározására.
maybe a year or two
egy-két évig maradt volna meg
if it was left on the surface
even thousands and more.
vagy évezredekig is megmarad.
biogeokémikusként azt kutatom,
makes this possible,
in physical association with minerals,
to the surfaces of the minerals.
a szén a talajba záródik,
with soil minerals,
can't easily degrade it.
sem tudják könnyen lebontani.
into the atmosphere as greenhouse gases.
üvegházhatású gázként a légkört.
to climate change mitigation.
is healthy, fertile, soft.
egészséges, termékeny, laza.
a lot of water and nutrients.
and diverse habitat for living things
legbőségesebb, legváltozatosabb
on the earth system.
bárhol a világon.
from the tiniest of the microbes,
and fiber needs for all animals,
that we should be treating soil
úgy tekintenek a talajra,
unprecedented rates of degradation
látott mértékben pusztul a talaj
that include deforestation,
mint az erdők irtása,
termelési módszerek,
of agricultural chemicals,
are currently considered degraded.
jelenleg megromlottnak tekinthető.
potential to support plant productivity.
képes növények táplálására.
to provide the food and other resources
állítani a táplálékunkat és mindazt,
on the face of the earth.
élőlényével egyetemben.
just in the last 200 years or so,
révén csak az elmúlt 200 évben
into the atmosphere
jutott a légkörbe,
which we're releasing carbon
at high latitudes.
talajrétegéről van szó.
of the global soil carbon reserves.
majd' harmadát tárolják.
a permanently frozen ground underneath,
in these soils over long periods of time
gyűlt fel ebben a rétegben,
to photosynthesize during the short,
turns cold and dark,
to efficiently break down the residue.
lebontani a maradványokat.
in these polar environments
a sarki talajrétegekben
of thousands of years.
for microbes to come in
a mikrobák aktívvá váljanak,
decompose all this carbon,
of billions of metric tons of carbon
in the form of greenhouse gases.
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
megnövekedett mennyisége
positive feedback loop
éghajlatunk jövőjét.
that there is a solution
hogy létezik megoldás a talajpusztulás
of soil degradation and climate change.
in simultaneously working
hogy egyszerre dolgozunk
climate-smart land management practices.
in a way that's smart
how much carbon we store in soil.
tárolt szén mennyiségét.
deep-rooted perennial plants,
évelő növényeket ültetünk,
from agricultural practices,
mezőgazdasági gyakorlatokat,
of agricultural chemicals and grazing
és a legeltetést,
whenever possible,
a talajba, ahol lehet,
such as compost and even human waste.
komposztból, emberi hulladékból.
is not a radical idea.
nem radikális elképzelés.
for fertile soils
táplálja az emberiséget
since time immemorial.
to accomplish exactly this goal.
ennek a célnak az érdekében.
is known as the "4 per 1000" effort,
neve "Ezrenként 4",
0,4 százalékkal növelje
stored in soil by 0.4 percent annually,
land management practices
of the global emissions
üzemanyagból eredő szén
into the atmosphere.
is not fully successful,
in that direction,
that are healthier, more fertile,
termékenyebb lesz,
and resources that we need
az emberi társadalomnak.
from the atmosphere
climate change mitigation.
call a win-win solution.
"mindenki jól jár" helyzetnek.
with the respect that it deserves:
as the basis of all life on earth,
as a carbon bank
to control our climate.
befolyásoló tényező.
global challenges of our time:
to provide food and nutritional security
biztonságot is teremtünk
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe - Soil scientistAsmeret Asefaw Berhe is a soil and global-change scientist and educator passionate about all things related to the science and beauty of soils.
Why you should listen
As Asmeret Asefaw Berhe tells it: "My research investigates: 1) how the soil system controls the earth's climate, in particular how otherwise thermodynamically unstable organic compounds can remain in soil for up to millennia, and 2) the dynamic two-way relationship between human communities and the soil system that we depend on for our food and nutritional security, and the socio-political implications of land degradation.
"I have a strong commitment towards education, outreach and mentoring. I am driven to ensure that scientific education and careers are equally accessible to people from all walks of life, and that academic workplaces are free from bias and harassment."
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe | Speaker | TED.com