TEDWomen 2017
Shameem Akhtar: To learn is to be free
莎米姆 · 阿克塔: 学习，为了自由
Filmed:
Readability: 3.2
1,293,793 views
莎米姆 · 阿克塔自幼被当成一个男孩抚养长大，为了能享受极少数巴基斯坦女孩们才能享受到的特权：在家门外玩耍和接受教育。在这个令人大开眼界、涉及个人经历的演讲中，阿克塔详细叙述了一个得到教育的机会如何改变了她的人生轨迹——并最终改变了她所在的村庄的文化，令现在所有的女孩们都能上学。
Shameem Akhtar - Writer, social worker
Shameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan. Full bio
Shameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
A room full of boys.
0
841
2683
在一个全是男孩儿的房间里，
00:15
A girl child, hardly nine
or ten years old,
or ten years old,
1
3548
4133
有一个小女孩儿，
看起来不到九岁或十岁。
看起来不到九岁或十岁。
她坐在房间中央，被一堆书围着。
00:19
she is sitting in the center
of the room, surrounded by books.
of the room, surrounded by books.
2
7705
4705
00:25
She is the only girl among boys,
3
13141
2555
她是一群孩子中唯一一个女孩儿，
00:27
and is barely missing
her female cousins and friends,
her female cousins and friends,
4
15720
5136
却几乎不会想念她的表妹和朋友们，
00:32
who are inside the home
instead of the school,
instead of the school,
5
20880
4580
她们正呆在家中，
00:37
because they are not allowed
to get an education alongside boys.
to get an education alongside boys.
6
25767
6361
因为她们不被允许
跟男孩子一起得到教育。
跟男孩子一起得到教育。
00:44
There isn't a single functional
girls' school in her village.
girls' school in her village.
7
32757
5419
在女孩所在的村庄里，
没有一所女子学校。
没有一所女子学校。
00:50
She was born in a Baloch
conservative tribe,
conservative tribe,
8
38732
3946
她出身于一个传统的俾路支部落，
00:54
where women and girls
are a matter of honor.
are a matter of honor.
9
42702
4843
在那里，女人和女孩
与家族荣耀息息相关。
与家族荣耀息息相关。
01:00
She is the eldest in her family,
10
48764
2099
她是家中的长女，
01:02
and when she was about to be born,
her parents wanted a baby boy.
her parents wanted a baby boy.
11
50887
5444
当她快出生时，她的父母
期待的是一个男孩儿。
期待的是一个男孩儿。
但他们的运气不好，
得到了一个女孩儿。
得到了一个女孩儿。
01:08
But they had bad luck;
a baby girl arrived.
a baby girl arrived.
12
56355
3226
01:12
It was customary in her family
to keep girls inside the homes.
to keep girls inside the homes.
13
60680
5484
在她的家庭中，让女孩们
待在家里是一种习俗。
待在家里是一种习俗。
01:18
But her uncle, who was
a university graduate,
a university graduate,
14
66600
3960
但她的叔叔身为一个大学毕业生，
01:22
he wanted to give her
an opportunity to see the world,
an opportunity to see the world,
15
70966
4651
想要给予她一个机会
看一看这个世界，
看一看这个世界，
并成为社会中一员的机会。
01:27
to be part of the society.
16
75641
2290
01:30
Luckily, she has a name
that can be used for both men and women.
that can be used for both men and women.
17
78260
5984
幸运的是，她有一个中性化的名字。
01:36
So he saw a chance
to change her course of life.
to change her course of life.
18
84268
4508
所以她的叔叔看到了
一个改变她人生轨迹的机会。
一个改变她人生轨迹的机会。
他决定把她作为一个男孩儿养大。
01:40
So he decided to raise her as a boy.
19
88800
3390
01:44
At three months old,
20
92950
1453
在她三个月大的时候，
她从一个小女孩变为一个小男孩。
01:46
she went from being
a baby girl, to baby boy.
a baby girl, to baby boy.
21
94427
5499
01:51
She is given a boy's getup.
22
99950
2552
她穿着男孩的服饰，
01:54
She is allowed to go outside
23
102526
2797
被允许走出家门，
并与一群男孩们一起得到教育。
01:57
and get an education alongside boys.
24
105347
2329
她是自由的，也是自信的。
01:59
She is free, she is confident.
25
107700
2191
02:03
She observes, she notes
small, everyday injustices
small, everyday injustices
26
111506
6168
她注意了到日常生活中
各种细微的不公之处，
各种细微的不公之处，
02:09
faced by women and girls in her village.
27
117698
3905
都是村庄里的
女人和女孩们所经历。
女人和女孩们所经历。
02:14
When newspapers arrive at her home,
28
122212
2833
当有报纸被送到家门口，
她看着报纸从最年长的男人
传到最年轻的男人。
传到最年轻的男人。
02:17
she watches as it passes
from the eldest man to the youngest man.
from the eldest man to the youngest man.
29
125069
6428
02:24
By the time women get hold of the paper,
30
132395
4834
当女人拿到报纸时，
上面的新闻早就已经过时了。
02:29
it is old news.
31
137253
1737
02:31
She completes her eighth-grade year.
32
139796
3468
她完成了八年级的课程，
02:35
Now fear starts to come in.
33
143733
2578
恐惧却开始席卷而来。
02:38
This will be the end of her education,
34
146693
3628
这将是她接受教育的终点，
因为进入高中深造的唯一机会
02:42
because the only option
for high school for further study
for high school for further study
35
150345
4684
02:47
is five kilometers away.
36
155053
1824
在五公里外的地方。
02:49
Boys have bicycles, they are free.
37
157458
3420
男孩们有自行车，
他们是自由的。
他们是自由的。
02:53
But she knows
38
161303
1367
但她知道，
她的父亲不会允许她独自出行，
02:54
her father will not allow
her to travel on her own,
her to travel on her own,
39
162694
5837
03:00
even if she were posing as a boy.
40
168555
2895
即使她以男孩的形象出现。
03:05
"I can't let you do that.
41
173163
2523
“我不能让你这么做。
03:08
And I don't have the time
to walk you there and back.
to walk you there and back.
42
176385
3809
而且我没有时间
陪你走过去再回来。
陪你走过去再回来。
03:12
Sorry, it is impossible."
43
180687
2985
抱歉，这是不可能的。“
她感到十分沮丧。
03:15
She gets very upset.
44
183696
1397
03:18
But a miracle happened.
45
186260
2116
但是奇迹发生了。
03:21
A long-distance relative
offers to teach her
offers to teach her
46
189154
3682
一个千里之外的亲戚提出，
想在暑假里教她
03:24
ninth- and tenth-grade curricula
47
192860
2289
03:27
during summer vacations.
48
195173
2226
九年级和十年级的课程。
03:29
This is how she completed
her matriculation.
her matriculation.
49
197966
4148
就这样，她完成了大学入学考试。
03:34
The girl whom I am talking about to you
50
202768
3388
我所描述的这个女孩
03:38
is me, Shameem,
who is talking before you now.
who is talking before you now.
51
206180
4341
就是我，莎米姆，
正在你们面前讲话的这个人。
正在你们面前讲话的这个人。
03:42
(Applause)
52
210545
6437
（掌声）
自始自终，人们都在
为自己的身份抗争。
为自己的身份抗争。
03:49
Throughout centuries, people
have been fighting for their identity.
have been fighting for their identity.
53
217006
4425
03:53
People have been loved, privileged,
because of their identity,
because of their identity,
54
221768
4452
人们拥有爱、特权，
皆因他们的身份、
皆因他们的身份、
03:58
their nationality, their ethnicity.
55
226244
2422
国籍和种族地位。
04:00
Again, people have been hated, denied,
56
228994
3710
同时，人们受到憎恨、否定，
04:04
because of their nationality,
their identity,
their identity,
57
232728
3436
也皆因他们的国籍、身份，
04:08
their race, their gender, their religion.
58
236188
2734
种族、性别和宗教信仰。
04:12
Identity determines your position
in society, wherever you live.
in society, wherever you live.
59
240791
4684
无论你身处何处，
身份都决定了你在社会中的地位。
身份都决定了你在社会中的地位。
04:17
So if you ask me, I would say
I hate this question of identity.
I hate this question of identity.
60
245903
4781
所以如果你问我，我会回答
我对于这个关于身份的问题十分反感。
我对于这个关于身份的问题十分反感。
04:23
Millions of girls in this world
are being denied their basic rights
are being denied their basic rights
61
251284
5785
在这个世界上有无数的女孩们
被剥夺了最基本的权力，
被剥夺了最基本的权力，
只因她们是女性。
04:29
because of being female.
62
257093
1778
04:31
I would have faced the same,
if I hadn't been raised as a boy.
if I hadn't been raised as a boy.
63
259488
6054
如果我没有被作为一个男孩
抚养长大，我也会面对同样的困境。
抚养长大，我也会面对同样的困境。
04:38
I was determined to continue my studies,
to learn, to be free.
to learn, to be free.
64
266204
5944
我决心继续我的学习，
为了获取知识，为了变得自由。
为了获取知识，为了变得自由。
04:44
After my schooling, even enrolling
in college was not easy for me.
in college was not easy for me.
65
272998
4769
在完成了学校教育之后，申请进入
高等教育学院也让我颇费了一番周折。
高等教育学院也让我颇费了一番周折。
04:50
I went on a three-day hunger strike.
66
278276
2905
我进行了一场
为期三天的绝食抗议。
为期三天的绝食抗议。
04:53
(Laughter)
67
281205
1179
（笑声）
04:54
Then, I got permission for college.
68
282408
3542
然后，家里人才同意我
去接受高等教育。
去接受高等教育。
04:57
(Laughter)
69
285974
1769
（笑声）
（掌声）
04:59
(Applause)
70
287767
1842
就这样，我完成了
两年的本科学习。
两年的本科学习。
05:01
In that way, I completed my college.
71
289633
3694
05:06
Two years later, when the time came
for me to go to university,
for me to go to university,
72
294052
4938
两年后，当我准备进入大学时，
我的父亲把他的目光
和关注投向了我的弟弟们。
和关注投向了我的弟弟们。
05:11
my father turned his eyes,
his attention, to my younger brothers.
his attention, to my younger brothers.
73
299014
5856
他们需要上学，安全稳定的职业，
并支付家庭开销。
并支付家庭开销。
05:16
They need to be in school,
secure jobs and support the family.
secure jobs and support the family.
74
304894
6016
05:22
And as a woman, my place was to be home.
75
310934
3995
而作为一个女人，
我理应待在家中。
我理应待在家中。
05:27
But, I don't give up.
76
315798
1644
但是，我从不轻言放弃。
我加入了一个为期两年的项目，
成为了一个妇女保健视察员。
成为了一个妇女保健视察员。
05:29
I sign up for a two-year program
to become a lady health visitor.
to become a lady health visitor.
77
317466
5016
05:34
Then I hear about Thardeep
Rural Development Program,
Rural Development Program,
78
322506
4301
然后我听说了
夏蒂普乡村发展计划，
夏蒂普乡村发展计划，
一个努力赋予乡村社区
权力的非盈利性组织。
权力的非盈利性组织。
05:38
a non-profit organization
working to empower rural communities.
working to empower rural communities.
79
326831
4400
05:44
I sneak away.
80
332006
1150
我偷偷溜出家里。
05:45
I travel five hours
to interview for a position.
to interview for a position.
81
333625
4712
历经了五个小时的长途跋涉，
只为得到面试一个岗位的机会。
只为得到面试一个岗位的机会。
05:51
It is the first time I am the farthest
from my home I have ever been.
from my home I have ever been.
82
339228
4881
这是我第一次离家这么远。
05:56
I am closest to my freedom
I have ever been.
I have ever been.
83
344133
3758
我从未像那一次一样
如此接近自由。
如此接近自由。
06:00
Luckily, I got the job,
84
348323
2016
幸运地，我得到了那个工作机会，
06:02
but the hardest part is facing my father.
85
350363
3864
但是最艰难的部分依然是
要如何面对我的父亲。
要如何面对我的父亲。
06:06
(Laughter)
86
354251
1389
（笑声）
06:08
Relatives are already scaring him
87
356522
4213
我的亲戚们已经在发布
危言耸听的言论，
危言耸听的言论，
关于他的女儿如何四处乱逛，
06:12
about his daughter wandering off,
88
360759
3858
用她如何越过做女人
底线的话题来取笑他。
底线的话题来取笑他。
06:16
teasing him with talk
of his daughter crossing the border.
of his daughter crossing the border.
89
364641
3716
06:21
When I return home,
90
369323
1855
当我回到家时，
我只想着要接受
夏蒂普的工作岗位。
夏蒂普的工作岗位。
06:23
I want nothing more than just
to accept the position in Thardeep.
to accept the position in Thardeep.
91
371202
6192
06:29
So that night, I packed
all my things in a bag,
all my things in a bag,
92
377807
4905
所以当晚我把所有东西打包，
走进父亲的房间并告诉他，
06:34
and I walked into
my father's room and told him,
my father's room and told him,
93
382736
4692
06:40
"Tomorrow morning,
the bus is going to come in.
the bus is going to come in.
94
388450
2611
“明天早上，大巴会到车站接人。
06:43
If you believe in me,
95
391085
1722
如果你相信我，
如果你相信我，
06:44
if you believe in me,
96
392831
2065
你就叫醒我，并把我送到汽车站。
06:46
you will wake me up
and take me to the bus station.
and take me to the bus station.
97
394920
5537
06:52
If you don't, I'll understand."
98
400838
2382
如果你不相信我，我也会理解。”
06:55
Then I went to sleep.
99
403244
1651
然后我就进入了梦乡。
06:57
The next morning, my father
was standing beside me
was standing beside me
100
405680
4532
第二天一早，父亲出现在了我的身边，
07:02
to take me to the bus stop.
101
410236
2236
陪我走到了汽车站。
07:04
(Applause)
102
412496
4375
（掌声）
那一天，我明白了言辞的重要性。
07:08
That day, I understood
the importance of words.
the importance of words.
103
416895
4065
07:13
I understood how words affect our hearts,
104
421379
3778
我明白了言辞
如何影响我们的内心，
如何影响我们的内心，
07:17
how words play
an important role in our lives.
an important role in our lives.
105
425855
4127
如何在我们的生活中
扮演了一个至关重要的角色。
扮演了一个至关重要的角色。
07:22
I understood words
are more powerful than fighting.
are more powerful than fighting.
106
430371
4041
我明白了言辞比武力更强大。
07:27
At TRDP, I saw there was a Pakistan
which I didn't know,
which I didn't know,
107
435760
5374
在夏蒂普活动中，我发现了
一个我不知道的巴基斯坦，
一个我不知道的巴基斯坦，
07:33
a country much more complex
than I had realized.
than I had realized.
108
441847
4371
一个比我想象当中更复杂的国家。
在那之前，我曾经以为
我的生活就已经很艰难了。
我的生活就已经很艰难了。
07:38
Until that, I thought
I had a difficult life.
I had a difficult life.
109
446242
3311
但是在那里，我看见了在巴基斯坦
其他地区的女人正经历着什么。
其他地区的女人正经历着什么。
07:41
But here, I saw what women in other parts
of Pakistan were experiencing.
of Pakistan were experiencing.
110
449577
6795
07:49
It really opened my eyes.
111
457411
1713
那景象让我大开眼界。
07:51
Some women had 11 children
but nothing to feed them.
but nothing to feed them.
112
459720
4238
有些女人有 11 个孩子，
却没有食物来喂养他们。
却没有食物来喂养他们。
07:57
For getting water, they would walk
three hours every day to wells.
three hours every day to wells.
113
465315
5169
为了取水，她们每天要步行
三个小时到井边打水。
三个小时到井边打水。
08:03
The nearest hospital was at least
32 kilometers away.
32 kilometers away.
114
471593
4325
最近的医院至少
在 32 公里外的地方。
在 32 公里外的地方。
08:08
So if a woman is in labor,
115
476228
2373
所以如果一个女人即将临盆，
08:10
she travels by camel
to get to the hospital.
to get to the hospital.
116
478625
3228
她需要坐骆驼去医院生产。
08:15
The distance is great;
she may die on her way.
she may die on her way.
117
483061
3893
路途十分遥远，
她或许会死在途中。
她或许会死在途中。
08:19
So now, this became
more than just a job for me.
more than just a job for me.
118
487934
4305
于是现在，这对我来说
不再只是一项工作了。
不再只是一项工作了。
08:24
I discovered my power.
119
492847
2492
我发现了我的力量。
08:28
Now, as I was getting salary,
120
496046
2214
现在，我能够经济独立了，
08:30
I started sending back money to my home.
121
498284
3571
于是开始寄钱给家里。
我过去的那些亲戚和邻居们
也都注意到了这一点。
也都注意到了这一点。
08:33
Relatives and neighbors
were noticing this.
were noticing this.
122
501879
2889
08:36
Now they started to understand
the importance of education.
the importance of education.
123
504792
4972
现在他们开始意识到了
教育的重要性。
教育的重要性。
08:42
By that time, some other parents
started sending their daughters to school.
started sending their daughters to school.
124
510345
6840
从那时起，其他一些家长也
开始把他们的女儿们送进学校。
开始把他们的女儿们送进学校。
08:50
Slowly, it became easier and acceptable
125
518274
4097
渐渐地，年轻女性去读高等学院
变得更简单，也更容易被接受。
08:54
for young women to be in college.
126
522395
2768
08:57
Today, there isn't a single girl
out of school in my village.
out of school in my village.
127
525601
6258
今天，在我的村子里，
所有的女孩都在接受教育。
所有的女孩都在接受教育。
（掌声）
09:03
(Applause)
128
531883
4543
09:08
Girls are doing jobs
in health sites, even in police.
in health sites, even in police.
129
536450
4782
医疗机构，甚至是警察局
都能见到女孩们的身影。
都能见到女孩们的身影。
09:13
Life was good.
130
541847
1150
生活越来越美好。
09:15
But somewhere in my heart,
131
543538
2082
但在我心中，
我意识到在我家附近的地区，
在我的村庄之外的地方
在我的村庄之外的地方
09:17
I realized that my region,
beyond my village
beyond my village
132
545644
6020
09:23
needs further change.
133
551688
2483
需要更多的改变。
09:26
This was also the time
when I joined Acumen Fellowship.
when I joined Acumen Fellowship.
134
554195
4009
于是我加入了敏锐联谊会。
09:30
There, I met leaders like me
across the country.
across the country.
135
558664
4619
在那里，我遇见了全国
其他像我一样的领导者们，
其他像我一样的领导者们，
09:35
And I saw they are taking
risks in their lives.
risks in their lives.
136
563307
3771
甚至在冒着生命危险
从事这项工作。
从事这项工作。
09:40
I started to understand
137
568157
4150
我开始意识到
领导力真正的意义。
09:44
what leadership really means.
138
572331
3134
09:47
So I decided to go back to my region
139
575832
3476
因此我决定回到我的家乡，
并在一所偏远的学校
成为了一名教师，
成为了一名教师，
09:51
and take a position as a teacher
in a remote school,
in a remote school,
140
579332
4050
09:56
a school that I have to reach by bus --
141
584204
4286
一所我必须每天早上和傍晚
搭乘两个小时大巴才能到达的学校。
10:00
two hours traveling,
every morning and evening.
every morning and evening.
142
588514
4721
10:05
Though it was hard, on my first day I knew
143
593768
4587
尽管这样很辛苦，
但在我上任的第一天，我就知道
但在我上任的第一天，我就知道
我做出了正确的决定。
10:10
I made the right decision.
144
598379
2550
10:13
The first day I walked into the school,
145
601397
3021
我走进学校的第一天，
10:16
I saw all these little Shameems
staring back at me --
staring back at me --
146
604442
4364
就看到了所有这些
年轻的小莎米姆们凝视着我——
年轻的小莎米姆们凝视着我——
（笑声）
10:20
(Laughter)
147
608830
1333
她们的眼中带着梦想，
10:22
with dreams in their eyes,
148
610187
2716
10:24
the same dream of freedom
which I had in my childhood.
which I had in my childhood.
149
612927
3708
一个与我儿时曾有过的
一样的，追求自由的梦想。
一样的，追求自由的梦想。
10:29
So the girls are eager to learn,
but the school is understaffed.
but the school is understaffed.
150
617640
4333
那些女孩们十分渴望学习，
但是学校的师资力量相当匮乏。
但是学校的师资力量相当匮乏。
10:34
Girls sit hopeful,
151
622771
3713
女孩们带着希望坐在那里，
却什么也学不到，
10:38
learn nothing,
152
626508
1154
于是就离开了。
10:39
and they leave.
153
627686
1158
我不能忍受看到这些发生。
10:40
I can't bear to see this happening.
154
628868
2802
10:43
There was no turning back.
155
631694
2309
不能再让旧事重演了。
我找到了我的目标。
10:46
I found my purpose.
156
634027
2849
10:49
I enlisted a few of my friends
to help me to teach.
to help me to teach.
157
637734
4258
我招募了一些朋友来帮助我上课。
10:54
I'm introducing my girls
to the outside world
to the outside world
158
642338
4270
我利用课外活动和书籍，
10:58
by extracurricular activities and books.
159
646632
3127
把我教导的女孩们
介绍给了外面的世界。
介绍给了外面的世界。
11:02
I share with them the profiles
of the world's best leaders,
of the world's best leaders,
160
650084
4295
我与她们分享有关
世界上最出色的领袖们的资料，
世界上最出色的领袖们的资料，
例如，马丁 · 路德金
和尼尔逊 · 曼德拉。
和尼尔逊 · 曼德拉。
11:06
like Martin Luther King
and Nelson Mandela.
and Nelson Mandela.
161
654403
3523
11:10
Last year, a few of our students
went to college.
went to college.
162
658466
4500
去年，我们的一些学生
进入了高等学院。
进入了高等学院。
11:15
For me, I never stop studying.
163
663657
3188
对我来说，我也从未停止过学习。
11:19
Today, I'm working to complete
my PhD in education --
my PhD in education --
164
667228
4762
今天，我正努力完成
教育学的博士学位——
教育学的博士学位——
11:24
(Applause)
165
672014
3649
（掌声）
这将使我在教育体系中得到一个
11:27
which will allow me to gain
a management position
a management position
166
675687
5168
管理层的职位，
11:32
in the school system,
167
680879
1531
而我将有能力做出更多决定，
11:34
and I will be able to make more decisions
168
682434
3325
11:37
and play a pivotal role in the system.
169
685783
3991
并成为体系中一个关键的角色。
11:42
I believe that without
educating the girls,
educating the girls,
170
690450
3547
我相信如果不让女孩们得到教育，
11:46
we may not make world peace.
171
694021
2644
世界和平就无法实现。
11:49
We may not reduce child marriage.
172
697141
3199
我们将不能减少未成年婚姻。
11:52
We may not reduce infant mortality rate.
173
700364
3840
我们将不能降低未成年儿童死亡率。
11:56
We may not reduce maternal mortality rate.
174
704228
3523
我们将不能降低母亲的死亡率。
12:00
For this, we have to continuously
175
708322
3898
为了达成这些目标，
我们必须勇往直前，
我们必须勇往直前，
12:04
and collectively work together.
176
712244
4075
团结协作。
12:08
At least I am playing my role,
177
716744
2452
至少我正在完成我的工作，
尽管最终目标仍然遥不可及。
12:11
though the destination is not close.
178
719220
3152
12:15
The road is not easy.
179
723046
1633
这条路充满艰辛。
12:16
But I have dreams in my eyes,
180
724703
2717
但我眼中怀有梦想，
而我再也不会回头了。
12:19
and I am not going to look back now.
181
727444
4585
谢谢。
12:24
Thank you.
182
732053
1167
（掌声）
12:25
(Applause)
183
733244
6962
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shameem Akhtar - Writer, social workerShameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan.
Why you should listen
Shameem Akhtar is a dedicated and enthusiastic development professional, with special interest in the field of gender, education, social mobilization, emergency/relief, management and literature. She is also engaged in research studies in rural development, doing PhD work at the University of Sindh. She is a member of the Individual Land Organization (Friedrich Naumann Stiftung) and was selected by Acumen Pakistan Fellows 2015 for their one-year course.
Akhtar frequently contributes to print media and literary magazines, work that has brought her close to the study of important social issues like malnutrition, child labor, marginalization and other core problems of the province. She has been active in the training of teachers, children, women and other segments of society in the fields of education, health, livelihood and disaster management under the banner of prestigious organizations in the social service sector.
Shameem Akhtar | Speaker | TED.com