ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicola Sturgeon - First Minister of Scotland
As the first woman to hold the office of First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon is an important progressive and feminist voice in the governance of the United Kingdom.

Why you should listen

In November 2014, Nicola Sturgeon was elected as the first female leader of the Scottish National Party. Days later, she was sworn in as the country's first woman First Minister. Soon after her election, she appointed a cabinet boasting a 50/50 gender balance. 

As head of the Scottish government, Sturgeon is responsible for her administration's policies and for promoting and representing Scotland both at home and overseas.

Sturgeon entered the Scottish Parliament as a regional MSP for Glasgow in 1999. She is currently MSP for Glasgow Southside. Sturgeon served as Cabinet Secretary for Health and Wellbeing between 2007 and 2012, and then Cabinet Secretary for Infrastructure, Investment and Cities until November 2014. Throughout this period she also served as Deputy First Minister of Scotland.

More profile about the speaker
Nicola Sturgeon | Speaker | TED.com
TEDSummit 2019

Nicola Sturgeon: Why governments should prioritize well-being

尼可拉·施特金: 為什麼政府應該把安康放在優先的位置

Filmed:
1,925,492 views

2018 年,蘇格蘭、冰島、紐西蘭建立了安康經濟政府的互聯組織,來挑戰現在大家都接受用國內生產總值來衡量國家是否成功的現況。在這場充滿遠景的演說中,蘇格蘭首席部長尼可拉·施特金解譯了「安康經濟」的深遠意涵:把薪資平等、兒童照護、心理健康、能否取得綠色空間等因子放在核心,並且說明這種新的焦點如何能協助建立決心,對抗全球的挑戰。
- First Minister of Scotland
As the first woman to hold the office of First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon is an important progressive and feminist voice in the governance of the United Kingdom. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Just over a mile英里 away from here,
in Edinburgh's愛丁堡的 Old Town,
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離這裡大約一英里,
在愛丁堡的舊城裡,
00:18
is Panmure潘默爾 House.
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有一間房子叫潘穆爾之家。
00:21
Panmure潘默爾 House
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潘穆爾之家
00:23
was the home of the world-renowned世界知名
Scottish蘇格蘭的 economist經濟學家
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是世界知名的
蘇格蘭經濟學家亞當史密斯的故居。
00:29
Adam亞當 Smith工匠.
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00:31
In his important重要 work
"The Wealth財富 of Nations國家,"
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在他的重要著作《國富論》當中,
00:37
Adam亞當 Smith工匠 argued爭論,
amongst其中包括 many許多 other things,
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亞當史密斯的主張之一就是
00:41
that the measurement測量 of a country's wealth財富
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國家財富的衡量標準
00:44
was not just its gold and silver reserves儲量.
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並不只是它所保有的金子和銀子。
00:48
It was the totality整體 of the country's
production生產 and commerce商業.
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國家的生產及商業全都包含在內。
00:54
I guess猜測 it was one of the earliest最早
descriptions說明 of what we now know today今天
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我想,這是關於現在所謂的
國內生產總值(GDP)
01:00
as gross domestic國內 product產品, GDPGDP.
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最早的描述之一。
01:05
Now, in the years年份 since以來, of course課程,
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當然,從那之後開始,
01:08
that measurement測量
of production生產 and commerce商業, GDPGDP,
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生產和商業的衡量標準,
即國內生產總值,
01:13
has become成為 ever more important重要,
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就變得更加重要了,
01:16
to the point that today今天 --
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重要的程度到了——我並不認為
這是亞當史密斯的本意——
01:18
and I don't believe this
is what Adam亞當 Smith工匠 would have intended --
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01:21
that it is often經常 seen看到 as
the most important重要 measurement測量
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現在它通常都被視為是
國家整體成功的最重要衡量標準。
01:27
of a country's overall總體 success成功.
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01:30
And my argument論據 today今天
is that it is time for that to change更改.
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今天,我的論點是:
該是改變的時候了。
01:36
You know, what we choose選擇 to measure測量
as a country國家 matters事項.
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要知道,我們選擇用來衡量
國家的測量標準是很重要的。
01:41
It really matters事項,
because it drives驅動器 political政治 focus焦點,
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真的很重要,因為
它會影響政治的焦點,
01:46
it drives驅動器 public上市 activity活動.
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影響公眾活動。
01:50
And against反對 that context上下文,
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在這樣的情況下,
01:52
I think the limitations限制 of GDPGDP
as a measurement測量 of a country's success成功
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我認為,用國內生產總值
來衡量國家的成功,
01:59
are all too obvious明顯.
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很明顯是非常局限的。
02:02
You know, GDPGDP measures措施
the output產量 of all of our work,
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要知道,國內生產總值
測量的是我們所有工作的產出,
02:07
but it says nothing
about the nature性質 of that work,
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但它完全沒有提到
那些工作的本質是什麼、
02:10
about whether是否 that work
is worthwhile合算 or fulfilling履行.
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那些工作是否值得或讓人滿足。
02:15
It puts看跌期權 a value, for example,
on illegal非法 drug藥物 consumption消費,
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比如,它賦予非法毒品的消費價值,
02:21
but not on unpaid未付 care關心.
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但不給無報酬的照護價值。
02:25
It values activity活動 in the short term術語
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它重視能夠促進經濟的短期活動,
02:30
that boosts提升 the economy經濟,
even if that activity活動 is hugely巨大 damaging有害
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即使那些活動會大大損害
02:37
to the sustainability可持續性 of our planet行星
in the longer term術語.
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長期來看的地球永續性。
02:42
And we reflect反映 on the past過去 decade
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我們反思過去十年
02:46
of political政治 and economic經濟 upheaval動盪,
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在政治和經濟上的動蕩、
02:49
of growing生長 inequalities不平等,
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越來越嚴重的不平等,
02:52
and when we look ahead to the challenges挑戰
of the climate氣候 emergency,
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當我們看向未來的挑戰,
如氣候的緊急狀況、
02:58
increasing增加 automation自動化,
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自動化增加、
03:00
an aging老化 population人口,
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人口老化,
我認為贊同擴大
03:03
then I think the argument論據 for the case案件
for a much broader更廣泛 definition定義
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國家社會成功之定義的論點
03:10
of what it means手段 to be successful成功
as a country國家, as a society社會,
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越來越引人注目。
03:15
is compelling引人注目, and increasingly日益 so.
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03:19
And that is why Scotland蘇格蘭, in 2018,
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那就是為什麼在 2018 年蘇格蘭
03:22
took the lead, took the initiative倡議
in establishing建立 a new network網絡
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帶頭建立一個新的互聯組織,
03:27
called the Wellbeing健康 Economy經濟
Governments政府 group,
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叫做安康經濟政府團體,
03:32
bringing使 together一起 as founding創建 members會員
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創始會員國包括
03:35
the countries國家 of Scotland蘇格蘭, Iceland冰島
and New Zealand新西蘭, for obvious明顯 reasons原因.
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蘇格蘭、冰島、紐西蘭,原因很明顯。
03:41
We're sometimes有時 called the SIN countries國家,
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我們有時會被稱為是 SIN
(罪,三國的字首)國家,
03:45
although雖然 our focus焦點 is very much
on the common共同 good.
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不過我們聚焦於共同的利益。
03:50
And the purpose目的 of this group
is to challenge挑戰 that focus焦點
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這個團體的目的是要挑戰
將焦點放在國內生產總值的
狹隘測量方式的現況。
03:53
on the narrow狹窄 measurement測量 of GDPGDP.
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03:56
To say that, yes,
economic經濟 growth發展 matters事項 --
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是的,經濟成長是很要緊——
04:00
it is important重要 --
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它很重要——
04:02
but it is not all that is important重要.
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但重要的不只是它。
04:05
And growth發展 in GDPGDP should not be pursued追求的
at any or all cost成本.
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不應該不計代價來追求
國內生產總值的成長。
04:12
In fact事實, the argument論據 of that group
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事實上,該團體的論點是,
04:15
is that the goal目標, the objective目的
of economic經濟 policy政策
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經濟政策的目標、方針
04:20
should be collective集體 well-being福利:
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應該是集體的安康:
04:23
how happy快樂 and healthy健康 a population人口 is,
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人民有多快樂、健康,
04:27
not just how wealthy富裕 a population人口 is.
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而不只是人民有多富裕。
04:30
And I'll touch觸摸 on the policy政策
implications啟示 of that in a moment時刻.
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我等一下就會談到政策的意涵。
04:34
But I think, particularly尤其
in the world世界 we live生活 in today今天,
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但,我認為,特別是在
我們現今的世界上,
04:37
it has a deeper更深 resonance諧振.
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它還有更深的反響。
04:39
You know, when we focus焦點 on well-being福利,
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要知道,當我們
把焦點放在安康上,
04:42
we start開始 a conversation會話
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我們就開始了對談,
04:44
that provokes所引發 profound深刻
and fundamental基本的 questions問題.
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這對談能夠激起
深刻且根本的問題。
04:48
What really matters事項 to us in our lives生活?
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在我們的人生中,重要的是什麼?
04:52
What do we value
in the communities社區 we live生活 in?
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在我們所居住的社區中,
我們重視的是什麼?
04:57
What kind of country國家,
what kind of society社會,
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我們真正想要成為的國家、社會,
05:01
do we really want to be?
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是什麼樣子的?
05:03
And when we engage從事 people
in those questions問題,
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當我們讓大家去想那些問題,
05:07
in finding發現 the answers答案 to those questions問題,
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試圖得到那些問題的答案時,
05:09
then I believe that we have
a much better chance機會
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我相信我們就更有機會
05:13
of addressing解決 the alienation異化
and disaffection不滿 from politics政治
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處理對政治疏離、不滿的議題,
05:18
that is so prevalent流行 in so many許多 countries國家
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那些議題在已開發世界中的
05:21
across橫過 the developed發達 world世界 today今天.
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許多國家都很普遍。
05:24
In policy政策 terms條款, this journey旅程
for Scotland蘇格蘭 started開始 back in 2007,
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在政策方面,蘇格蘭的
這趟旅程始於 2007 年,
05:28
when we published發表 what we call
our National國民 Performance性能 Framework骨架,
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當時我們推出了所謂的國家表現框架,
05:32
looking at the range範圍 of indicators指標
that we measure測量 ourselves我們自己 against反對.
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透過許多不同的指標
來衡量我們自己。
05:35
And those indicators指標
are as varied多變 as income收入 inequality不等式,
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那些指標很多樣化,
比如收入不平等、
05:40
the happiness幸福 of children孩子,
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孩童的快樂程度、
05:42
access訪問 to green綠色 spaces空間, access訪問 to housing住房.
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能否取得綠地、能否取得住房。
05:45
None沒有 of these are captured捕獲
in GDPGDP statistics統計,
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國內生產總值的統計
並未納入這些指標,
05:49
but they are all fundamental基本的
to a healthy健康 and a happy快樂 society社會.
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但這些是健康快樂社會的根本指標。
那種更廣泛的...
05:56
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
06:01
And that broader更廣泛 approach途徑 is at the heart
of our economic經濟 strategy戰略,
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那種更廣泛的方法,
是我們經濟策略的核心,
06:05
where we give equal等於 importance重要性
to tackling搶斷 inequality不等式
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在核心,我們對於
處理不平等的重視程度
06:09
as we do to economic經濟 competitiveness競爭力.
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和經濟競爭力的
重視程度是相同的。
06:12
It drives驅動器 our commitment承諾 to fair公平 work,
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它會驅使我們做出
公平工作的承諾,
06:14
making製造 sure that work
is fulfilling履行 and well-paid高薪.
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且確保那工作能夠
實現抱負、有適當報償。
06:17
It's behind背後 our decision決定 to establish建立
a Just Transition過渡 Commission佣金
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它是我們決定要建立
公正轉型委員會的背後支柱,
06:21
to guide指南 our path路徑
to a carbon zero economy經濟.
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引領我們的路,
朝向零碳經濟邁進。
06:25
We know from economic經濟
transformations轉換 of the past過去
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從過去的經濟轉型中我們可以知道,
06:28
that if we're not careful小心,
there are more losers失敗者 than winners獲獎者.
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如果我們不夠小心,
輸家會比贏家還多。
06:32
And as we face面對 up to the challenges挑戰
of climate氣候 change更改 and automation自動化,
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在我們勇敢對付氣候變遷
和自動化的挑戰時,
06:36
we must必須 not make those mistakes錯誤 again.
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我們不能再犯同樣的錯誤。
06:40
The work we're doing here in Scotland蘇格蘭
is, I think, significant重大,
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我認為,我們在蘇格蘭
所做的努力是非常重要的,
06:43
but we have much, much to learn學習
from other countries國家.
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但我們還有很多很多
要向其他國家學習的地方。
06:46
I mentioned提到, a moment時刻 ago,
our partner夥伴 nations國家
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我剛才有提到,
我們在安康網路上的夥伴國:
06:50
in the Wellbeing健康 network網絡:
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06:52
Iceland冰島 and New Zealand新西蘭.
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冰島和紐西蘭。
06:54
It's worth價值 noting注意, and I'll leave離開 it to you
to decide決定 whether是否 this is relevant相應 or not,
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有一點值得注意的,且我想讓各位
自行判斷它是否有重要性:
06:58
that all three of these countries國家
are currently目前 led by women婦女.
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那就是,這三個國家
目前的領導人都是女性。
07:02
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
(掌聲結束)
07:14
They, too, are doing great work.
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他們也都在做很棒的事。
07:15
New Zealand新西蘭, in 2019,
publishing出版 its first Wellbeing健康 Budget預算,
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2019 年,紐西蘭公佈了
其第一份安康預算,
07:20
with mental心理 health健康 at its heart;
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預算的核心是心理健康;
07:23
Iceland冰島 leading領導 the way on equal等於 pay工資,
childcare育兒 and paternity親子鑑定 rights權利 --
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冰島在薪水平等、兒童照護,
和父親權利上帶頭打先鋒——
07:28
not policies政策 that we immediately立即 think of
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這些都不是我們在談論
創造富裕經濟時
07:32
when we talk about
creating創建 a wealthy富裕 economy經濟,
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會立即想到的政策,
07:35
but policies政策 that are fundamental基本的
to a healthy健康 economy經濟
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卻是對於健康經濟與快樂社會而言
很重要的基本政策。
07:39
and a happy快樂 society社會.
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07:42
I started開始 with Adam亞當 Smith工匠
and "The Wealth財富 of Nations國家."
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我用亞當史密斯的
《國富論》當作開頭。
07:47
In Adam亞當 Smith's史密斯 earlier work,
"The Theory理論 of Moral道德 Sentiments情緒,"
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在亞當史密斯更早的作品
《道德情操論》中,
07:52
which哪一個 I think is just as important重要,
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我認為這部作品也同等重要,
07:54
he made製作 the observation意見
that the value of any government政府
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他觀察到,任何政府的價值
都可以根據該政府讓其人民
快樂的程度來依比例推斷出來。
07:59
is judged判斷 in proportion比例
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08:01
to the extent程度 that it makes品牌
its people happy快樂.
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我認為,對於著重推動安康的
任何國家團體而言,
08:04
I think that is a good founding創建 principle原理
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08:08
for any group of countries國家
focused重點 on promoting促進 well-being福利.
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這都是一條很好的成立原則。
08:14
None沒有 of us have all of the answers答案,
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沒有人擁有所有的答案,
08:17
not even Scotland蘇格蘭,
the birthplace出生地 of Adam亞當 Smith工匠.
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連亞當史密斯的出生地
蘇格蘭也沒有。
08:20
But in the world世界 we live生活 in today今天,
with growing生長 divides分歧 and inequalities不平等,
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但,在現今我們所居住的世界上,
隨著分裂和不平等加劇,
08:25
with disaffection不滿 and alienation異化,
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隨著不滿和疏遠發生,
08:28
it is more important重要 than ever
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比以往更重要的是,
08:29
that we ask and find the answers答案
to those questions問題
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我們要問那些問題,並找到答案,
08:33
and promote促進 a vision視力 of society社會
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我們推動的願景是以安康
08:37
that has well-being福利,
not just wealth財富, at its very heart.
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而非僅僅以富裕為核心的社會。
08:44
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
08:49
You are right now in the beautiful美麗,
sunny晴朗 capital首都 city ...
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現在,各位在一個美麗、
陽光普照的首都城市……
08:55
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
08:57
of the country國家 that led the world世界
in the Enlightenment啟示,
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這個國家在啟蒙運動中領導世界,
09:02
the country國家 that helped幫助 lead the world世界
into the industrial產業 age年齡,
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這個國家協助引領
世界進入工業時代,
09:05
the country國家 that right now
is helping幫助 to lead the world世界
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這個國家現在正協助引領世界
09:08
into the low carbon age年齡.
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進入低碳時代。
09:10
I want, and I'm determined決心,
that Scotland蘇格蘭 will also be the country國家
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我希望且確信蘇格蘭也會
協助全世界的國家與政府改變焦點,
09:16
that helps幫助 change更改 the focus焦點 of countries國家
and governments政府 across橫過 the world世界
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09:21
to put well-being福利 at the heart
of everything that we do.
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將安康放在我們所有作為的核心。
09:25
I think we owe that to this generation.
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我認為,為了當代人
我們應該這樣做;
09:29
I certainly當然 believe we owe that
to the next下一個 generation
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我也確信,為了下一代人
和以後的世世代代,
09:33
and all those that come after us.
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我們也應該這樣做。
09:35
And if we do that, led here
from the country國家 of the Enlightenment啟示,
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如果我們能夠以啟蒙運動的
領導國家之姿來領導,
09:39
then I think we create創建
a better, healthier健康, fairer更公平
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那麼,我認為我們可以
在我們的家園上創造出一個更好、
更健康、更公平、且更快樂的社會。
09:43
and happier幸福 society社會 here at home.
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09:46
And we play our part部分 in Scotland蘇格蘭
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我們在蘇格蘭扮演我們的角色,
09:48
in building建造 a fairer更公平,
happier幸福 world世界 as well.
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也要建立一個更公平、
更快樂的世界。
09:52
Thank you very much.
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非常謝謝。
09:53
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Lilian Chiu
Reviewed by Carol Wang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicola Sturgeon - First Minister of Scotland
As the first woman to hold the office of First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon is an important progressive and feminist voice in the governance of the United Kingdom.

Why you should listen

In November 2014, Nicola Sturgeon was elected as the first female leader of the Scottish National Party. Days later, she was sworn in as the country's first woman First Minister. Soon after her election, she appointed a cabinet boasting a 50/50 gender balance. 

As head of the Scottish government, Sturgeon is responsible for her administration's policies and for promoting and representing Scotland both at home and overseas.

Sturgeon entered the Scottish Parliament as a regional MSP for Glasgow in 1999. She is currently MSP for Glasgow Southside. Sturgeon served as Cabinet Secretary for Health and Wellbeing between 2007 and 2012, and then Cabinet Secretary for Infrastructure, Investment and Cities until November 2014. Throughout this period she also served as Deputy First Minister of Scotland.

More profile about the speaker
Nicola Sturgeon | Speaker | TED.com

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