Tina Arrowood: A circular economy for salt that keeps rivers clean
تينا أروود: اقتصاد دائري من أجل الملح الذي يُبقي الأنهار نظيفة
By combining science, circular thinking and disruptive innovation, Tina Arrowood helps envision a world in which fresh river water is not scarce, but well-managed. Full bio
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to the Mississippi River.
to see who could spell
and their expeditions,
the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River
البحيرات العظمى و نهر مسيسبي
to discover the Midwest,
to the Gulf of Mexico.
the Mississippi River
I got to know the Mississippi River.
its banks at one moment,
like the Mississippi,
that can come from human activity.
freshwater rivers.
أنهار المياه العذبة.
they have only salt levels of .05 percent.
ل0.5%.
on our planet is housed in our oceans,
في شواطئنا
of more than three percent.
you'd be sick very quick.
the relative volume of ocean water
لمياه المحيطات
that's on our planet,
to put the ocean water
would fit in a one-gallon jug.
ذو غالون واحد.
like a precious resource?
like that old rug
and wipe your feet off on it?
و نمسح أقدامنا بها؟
has severe consequences.
عواقب وخيمة.
of salt can do.
صغيرة .
swimming pool of ocean water,
one teaspoon of salt
of fresh river water,
من مياه النهر العذبة
compared to the oceans,
to human activity,
around the world.
ailing river health
and heavy industrial development.
وتطورا صناعيا كبيرا
in northern China and in India.
when I read a 2018 article
with the highest increases
of the United States,
to using salt to deice roads.
لمنع تزلج الشوارع.
industrial wastewaters.
الصرف الصناعية المالحة.
can convert our freshwater rivers
مياه أنهارنا العذبة
before it's too late.
فوات الأوان.
river-defense mechanism,
من ثلاث خطوات للدفاع عن الأنهار
practice this defense mechanism,
هذه الآلية الدفاعية
in a much safer position.
and reuse operations.
وإعادة استخدامها.
out of these salty industrial wastewaters
الصرف الصناعية المالحة
for other purposes.
we need to convert salt consumers,
from recycled salt sources.
is already in play.
يتم العمل بها فعلاً الآن.
and India are implementing
to protect our rivers,
نحمي أنهارنا
we have technology that can do this.
التكنولوجيا للقيام بذلك
salt and water.
بين الملح و الماء
for a number of years,
that separate based on size,
بشكل مبني على الحجم
to separate salt and water
الملح والماء
are negatively charged,
charged chloride ions
السلبية الشحن
have been around for a number of years,
سنين
25 million gallons of water every minute.
في كل دقيقة.
under the principle of reverse osmosis.
التناضح العكسي.
that happens in our bodies --
of salt concentration.
is the semipermeable membrane.
transports across that membrane
it's the reverse of this natural process.
هو عكس هذه العملية.
to the high-concentration side
ذي التركيز العالي
the opposite direction.
للطرف الآخر
becomes more salty,
أكثر ملوحةً
becomes your purified water.
we can take an industrial wastewater
أخذ مياه نفايات صناعية
into pure water,
as this concentrated salty mixture.
concentrated salty mixture
developed membranes
some salts to pass through
بعض الأملاح من خلالها
as nanofiltration membranes,
concentrated salty solution
into a purified salt solution.
and nanofiltration membranes,
وأغشية الترشيح النانوي
of this river-defense mechanism.
من آلية الدفاع عن الأنهار.
to a number of industrial-water users,
المياه الصناعية.
is so important.
رقم ثلاثة مهمة
that are using mine salt
يستعملون ملح المناجم
consumed in the US
was used by the chemical industry.
at these two applications.
in the state of Pennsylvania.
في ولاية بنسلفانيا.
of an Empire State Building.
mined from the earth,
into the environment and into our rivers.
is that we could at least
industrial wastewater,
from going into our rivers,
in the springtime
في وقت الربيع
in a better position
that I'm more psyched about
circular salt into the chemical industry.
في الصناعة الكيميائية.
is the source of epoxies,
that we use in our everyday lives.
في حياتنا اليومية
as its key feed stack.
كمخزن رئيسي للتغذية.
let's look at linear economy.
they're sourcing that salt from a mine,
من المناجم،
into another new product,
إلى منتج آخر جديد.
as the by-product,
الملح كمنتج ثانوي،
in the industrial wastewater.
introduce circularity,
بعملية الدائرية،
from those industrial wastewater streams,
الصرف الصناعي تلك
of the chlor-alkali process.
من عملية الكلور القلوي.
production of propylene oxide
tons of propylene oxide
من أكسيد البروبلين
mined from the earth
من مناجم الأرض
into propylene oxide,
إلى أكسيد بروبلين
that ends up in wastewater streams.
في مجاري الصرف
three Empire State Buildings.
can provide a barrier
أن يوفر درعاً
salty discharge.
have been around for a number of years,
منذ عدة سنين،
wastewater reuse?
إعادة تدوير مياه الصرف؟"
wastewater reuse.
يتطلب أموالاً.
for freshwater sustainability,
لاستدامة المياه العذبة،
largest chemical manufacturers
مصنعي المواد الكيميائية
a 280-million dollar hit
بما يقارب 280 مليون دولار
of the Rhine River in Germany.
لنهر الراين في ألمانيا.
of Cape Town, South Africa,
في جنوب أقريقيا
drying up their water reserves,
على احتياطات الماء لديهم
not to flush their toilets.
for future generations.
من أجل أجيال المستقبل.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tina Arrowood - Scientist, engineerBy combining science, circular thinking and disruptive innovation, Tina Arrowood helps envision a world in which fresh river water is not scarce, but well-managed.
Why you should listen
Tina Arrowood understands that water is the world’s most valuable resource -- and one of the most finite. Her knowledge and expertise fuels her desire to drive effective water management strategies forward and inspires her to innovate breakthrough solutions that promote water reuse and recycling. Alongside her colleagues at DuPont Water Solutions, Arrowood -- a PhD Physical Organic Chemist and Principal Research Scientist -- focuses on her energy and passion to advance membrane technologies that enable wastewater to be converted into clean water sources used for a wide-range of applications.
In 2016, Arrowood's team commercialized the first series of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration elements designed to address wastewater challenges. With the award-winning FILMTEC™ FORTILIFE™ element portfolio continuing to make waves in the industry to minimize water discharge, Arrowood is now focused on mitigating the threat salt poses to water systems. She continues to teach industrial water users around the world about her findings. While doing so, she gathers insight on new and emerging water treatment challenges that help inform and shape membrane research and development.
Tina Arrowood | Speaker | TED.com