Tina Arrowood: A circular economy for salt that keeps rivers clean
Tina Arrowood: Uma economia circular para o sal, que mantém os rios limpos
By combining science, circular thinking and disruptive innovation, Tina Arrowood helps envision a world in which fresh river water is not scarce, but well-managed. Full bio
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to the Mississippi River.
uma conexão com o Rio Mississippi.
to see who could spell
para ver quem soletrava
and their expeditions,
exploradores e suas expedições,
the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River
os Grandes Lagos e o Rio Mississippi
to discover the Midwest,
para descobrir o Centro-Oeste
to the Gulf of Mexico.
para o Golfo do México.
the Mississippi River
I got to know the Mississippi River.
conheci o Rio Mississippi.
its banks at one moment,
like the Mississippi,
como o Mississippi,
that can come from human activity.
advir da atividade humana.
os rios de água doce.
freshwater rivers.
they have only salt levels of .05 percent.
on our planet is housed in our oceans,
está localizada em nossos oceanos
of more than three percent.
de salinidade superior a 3%.
you'd be sick very quick.
ficaria doente muito rápido.
the relative volume of ocean water
o volume relativo de água do oceano
that's on our planet,
to put the ocean water
colocar a água do oceano
would fit in a one-gallon jug.
caberia num jarro de 3,7 litros.
like a precious resource?
like that old rug
and wipe your feet off on it?
e usamos para limpar nossos pés?
has severe consequences.
tem consequências graves.
of salt can do.
de chá de sal pode fazer:
swimming pool of ocean water,
one teaspoon of salt
of fresh river water,
salgada demais para beber.
comparado ao dos oceanos,
compared to the oceans,
to human activity,
vulneráveis à atividade humana
around the world.
ailing river health
and heavy industrial development.
e forte desenvolvimento industrial.
in northern China and in India.
when I read a 2018 article
de amostragem de rios
with the highest increases
of the United States,
dos Estados Unidos,
to using salt to deice roads.
de sal para descongelar estradas.
industrial wastewaters.
industriais salgadas.
can convert our freshwater rivers
podem converter nossos rios de água doce
before it's too late.
antes que seja tarde demais.
river-defense mechanism,
de defesa do rio em três etapas,
practice this defense mechanism,
de água industrial o adotarem,
in a much safer position.
numa situação muito mais segura.
and reuse operations.
e reutilização de água.
out of these salty industrial wastewaters
residuais industriais salgadas,
for other purposes.
we need to convert salt consumers,
com que os consumidores de sal,
from recycled salt sources.
de fontes de sal reciclado.
is already in play.
em três etapas já está em ação.
and India are implementing
e a Índia estão implementando
to protect our rivers,
para proteger nossos rios
we have technology that can do this.
tecnologia para fazer isso,
salt and water.
for a number of years,
that separate based on size,
que se separam com base no tamanho
to separate salt and water
are negatively charged,
charged chloride ions
com carga negativa
have been around for a number of years,
essas membranas existem há vários anos
25 million gallons of water every minute.
de galões de água a cada minuto.
under the principle of reverse osmosis.
no princípio da osmose reversa.
that happens in our bodies --
que acontece em nosso corpo,
of salt concentration.
de concentração de sal.
is the semipermeable membrane.
está a membrana semipermeável.
transports across that membrane
através dessa membrana
it's the reverse of this natural process.
deste processo natural.
to the high-concentration side
no lado de alta concentração,
the opposite direction.
becomes more salty,
se torna mais salgado,
becomes your purified water.
se torna água purificada.
we can take an industrial wastewater
podemos converter um efluente industrial
into pure water,
as this concentrated salty mixture.
desta mistura salgada concentrada.
concentrated salty mixture
developed membranes
desenvolveram membranas
some salts to pass through
a passagem de alguns sais
as nanofiltration membranes,
concentrated salty solution
into a purified salt solution.
and nanofiltration membranes,
e membranas de nanofiltração,
of this river-defense mechanism.
desse mecanismo de defesa do rio.
to a number of industrial-water users,
usuários de água industrial
is so important.
número três é tão importante.
that are using mine salt
que usam sal de minas
consumed in the US
was used by the chemical industry.
at these two applications.
in the state of Pennsylvania.
no estado da Pensilvânia.
of an Empire State Building.
do prédio Empire State.
mined from the earth,
de sal extraído da terra,
into the environment and into our rivers.
até os nossos rios.
is that we could at least
que poderíamos pelo menos
industrial wastewater,
residual industrial salgada,
from going into our rivers,
in the springtime
in a better position
that I'm more psyched about
circular salt into the chemical industry.
de sal circular na indústria química.
is the source of epoxies,
that we use in our everyday lives.
as its key feed stack.
como principal alimentação.
let's look at linear economy.
analisar a economia linear.
they're sourcing that salt from a mine,
o sal é adquirido de uma mina,
into another new product,
em outro novo produto
as the by-product,
regenerado como subproduto
in the industrial wastewater.
introduce circularity,
from those industrial wastewater streams,
de águas residuais industriais,
of the chlor-alkali process.
do processo de cloro-álcali.
production of propylene oxide
de óxido de propileno,
tons of propylene oxide
de toneladas de óxido de propileno
mined from the earth
de sal extraído da terra,
into propylene oxide,
em óxido de propileno,
that ends up in wastewater streams.
em correntes de águas residuais.
three Empire State Buildings.
três prédios Empire State.
can provide a barrier
pode fornecer uma barreira
salty discharge.
salgada excessiva.
have been around for a number of years,
wastewater reuse?
a reutilização de águas residuais?"
fica caro implementá-la.
wastewater reuse.
for freshwater sustainability,
a sustentabilidade da água doce,
de produtos químicos do mundo,
largest chemical manufacturers
a 280-million dollar hit
um golpe de US$ 280 milhões
of the Rhine River in Germany.
do Rio Reno na Alemanha.
of Cape Town, South Africa,
da Cidade do Cabo, África do Sul,
drying up their water reserves,
not to flush their toilets.
a não dar a descarga no banheiro.
for future generations.
para as gerações futuras.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tina Arrowood - Scientist, engineerBy combining science, circular thinking and disruptive innovation, Tina Arrowood helps envision a world in which fresh river water is not scarce, but well-managed.
Why you should listen
Tina Arrowood understands that water is the world’s most valuable resource -- and one of the most finite. Her knowledge and expertise fuels her desire to drive effective water management strategies forward and inspires her to innovate breakthrough solutions that promote water reuse and recycling. Alongside her colleagues at DuPont Water Solutions, Arrowood -- a PhD Physical Organic Chemist and Principal Research Scientist -- focuses on her energy and passion to advance membrane technologies that enable wastewater to be converted into clean water sources used for a wide-range of applications.
In 2016, Arrowood's team commercialized the first series of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration elements designed to address wastewater challenges. With the award-winning FILMTEC™ FORTILIFE™ element portfolio continuing to make waves in the industry to minimize water discharge, Arrowood is now focused on mitigating the threat salt poses to water systems. She continues to teach industrial water users around the world about her findings. While doing so, she gathers insight on new and emerging water treatment challenges that help inform and shape membrane research and development.
Tina Arrowood | Speaker | TED.com