Joshua Smith: New nanotech to detect cancer early
Joshua Smith: Nová nanotechnologie pro časné zachytávání rakoviny
Motivated by his wife's bout with cancer, IBM's Joshua Smith applies his engineering expertise to early diagnosis. Full bio
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those three words within our lifetime,
uslyší tato slova
of your closest friends and relatives
nejbližších přátel a příbuzných
with some form of cancer,
of cancer survivors here in the US
more likely to declare bankruptcy
vyhlásí osobní bankrot
doesn't have to be a death sentence.
znamenat rozsudek smrti.
to improving treatment options,
zlepšujících možnosti léčby,
aims of my research --
of breast cancer for example,
and treated at stage one
a léčeni v první fázi
of nearly 100 percent --
if treated at stage four.
pokud je léčena fáze čtyři.
for colorectal and ovarian cancer.
u rakovin konečníku a vaječníků.
that an early diagnosis that is accurate
cancer diagnostic tools are invasive,
na diagnózu rakoviny
amount of time to get the results back.
získat výsledky.
to some forms of cancer,
liver or pancreatic cancer,
jater nebo slinivky,
until physical symptoms surface,
až se objeví fyzické příznaky,
indicators of late-stage progression.
dalších stádií.
without an early warning system,
systému včasného varování
který by nás varoval ve chvíli,
are greatly reduced.
of regular screening options
and could provide results much sooner,
výsledky dříve,
weapon in the fight against cancer.
v boji proti rakovině.
to get out ahead of the disease
předběhnout nemoc
following in its relentless wake.
I've been developing technologies
cancer diagnostics.
by a deep scientific curiosity,
with breast cancer.
and unexpected emotional dimension
a nečekanou emoční dimenzi
treatment can be,
of the emotional havoc
included our two young daughters.
dvou malých dcer.
during a routine mammogram,
pomoci běžného mamogramu
primarily on treatment options
lokalizovaného tumoru,
how important an early diagnosis is.
včasné diagnózy.
screening option for breast cancer.
raných stádií rakoviny prsu.
u nich vyvine před věkem,
for having a mammogram.
a lot of room for improvement,
that do have screening options,
for those that don't.
for cancer researchers
for many types of cancers
where during your regular checkup,
pravidelné prohlídky
a simple, noninvasive urine sample,
vzorek moči
before you even leave the doctor's office.
než opustíte ordinaci.
dramatically reduce the number of people
zredukovat počet lidí,
of an early-stage cancer diagnosis.
raných stádií rakoviny.
of engineers and biochemists
activate an early-stage cancer alarm
upozornění na raná stádia rakoviny
that would start when a person is healthy
který začíná když je člověk zdravý,
to stop cancer the moment it emerges,
kdy se rakovina objeví
beyond its infancy.
z počátečních fází.
are tiny vesicles,
malé váčky,
by cells called exosomes.
rozšiřované buňkami, exozomy.
for the development of cancer.
při vývoji rakoviny.
in just about every bodily fluid,
téměř v každé tělesné tekutině,
for noninvasive liquid biopsies.
pro neinvazní tekuté biopsie.
these important biomarkers
systém rychlého třídění
that we call nano-DLD
kterou nazýváme nano-DLD,
early-warning weapon, if you will,
včasného varování,
nanometers in diameter.
of them into a single red blood cell.
do jedné červené krvinky.
between a golf ball
mezi golfovým míčkem
for unwanted cellular waste,
nežádoucího buněčného odpadu.
that cells actually communicate
že buňky spolu komunikují
collected from their cell of origin.
posbíraný z původních buněk.
into the receiving cell,
do přijímající buňky
fundamental changes in gene expression --
genové exprese --
in the material of the mother cell,
mateřské buňky
of that cell's health and its origin.
zdraví a původu buňky.
make exosomes invaluable messengers
neocenitelné poslíčky,
at the cellular level.
a určili původce,
intercept these messages
troublemakers within your body
screening is so critical
pravidelný screening kritický,
technologies to make this possible.
které toto umožňují.
emerged on the market just this year,
se na trhu objevila tento rok,
of mainstream healthcare options.
lékařské praxe.
their widespread adoption
limitující jejich široké přijetí,
exosome isolation system exists
automatický systém isolace exozomů,
economically accessible.
finančně dostupným.
for exosome isolation
expensive laboratory equipment,
laboratorní vybavení,
to process a sample.
for achieving automated exosome isolation
k dosažení automatické izolace exozomů
separation technique
techniku nepřetržitého toku zvanou
so successfully for the past 50 years.
uplynulých 50 let.
of this technology
to the true nanoscale.
separated by nanoscopic gaps
nanoskopickými mezerami
the fluid into streamlines,
nanoparticles being separated
s rakovinou spojené nanočástice
from the smaller, healthier ones,
malých, zdravějších,
in a zigzag-type motion
of these two particle populations.
těchto dvou populací částic.
si můžete představit
that separates into two roads,
do dvou cest,
a low-clearance tunnel under a mountain,
se sníženým stropem pod horou
can go through the tunnel
carrying potentially hazardous material,
vezoucí potenciálně nebezpečný materiál,
by size and contents
podle velikosti a obsahu
on a much, much smaller scale.
funguje náš systém.
the separation process for screening
a sample of urine, blood or saliva,
odběr moči, krve nebo slin,
within the next few years.
několika příštích let.
to isolate and detect target exosomes
a detekci exozomů
a particular type of cancer,
their presence within minutes.
jejich přítomnosti v minutách.
virtually painless.
udělalo virtuálně bezbolestnou.
and enrich biomarkers
in an automated way,
s přesností v nanoměřítku
diseases such as cancer,
nemocí jako rakovina,
from sample preparation to diagnostics,
od přípravy vzorků až po diagnostiku
monitoring to therapeutics.
k léčebným terapiím.
the automation of this process --
tento proces automatizace -
pravidelného screeningu podobně
made the automobile accessible
and a car in every garage,"
a auto v každé garáži,"
an early-warning cancer detection system
systém včasné detekce rakoviny
every man, woman and child
ženě i dítěti
while they're still healthy,
zda jsou stále zdraví,
když se poprvé objeví.
avoid the high costs --
we caught my wife's cancer early,
brzkému podchycení rakoviny mé ženy,
for everyone with a cancer diagnosis.
u každého s diagnózou rakoviny.
has already done
that within the next decade,
our family and future generations.
rodiny a příští generace.
as to be diagnosed with cancer,
že budeme diagnostikování s rakovinou,
will provide a strong beacon of hope.
bude svítit silným světlem naděje.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joshua Smith - Cancer fighterMotivated by his wife's bout with cancer, IBM's Joshua Smith applies his engineering expertise to early diagnosis.
Why you should listen
As a research scientist and technical team lead for IBM's Nanobiotechnology Program, Dr. Joshua Smith researches innovative healthcare technologies at the intersection of engineering and biology to better understand disease progression.
Smith's team recently developed a chip-based solution that can rapidly isolate biomarkers as small as 20 nanometers to help identify cancer development even before symptoms occur. He is a sought-after speaker on the subject of lab-on-a-chip applications for healthcare and his work has been highlighted by Forbes, CNN Money, IEEE Spectrum and Pharma Technology Focus, among other media outlets. As a Research Staff Member and IBM Master Inventor, Smith has co-authored more than a dozen peer-reviewed scientific publications and is a co-inventor of more than 30 issued patents.
Currently, Smith is focusing on the development of a suite of core capabilities to manipulate, separate and detect individual macromolecules, providing a technological backbone for automation in sample preparation, diagnostics and therapeutics. When not with his colleagues in the lab, Smith enjoys teaching tomorrow's researchers and engineers at Columbia University.
Joshua Smith | Speaker | TED.com