TED Fellows Retreat 2013
Christopher Soghoian: Government surveillance — this is just the beginning
Christopher Soghoian: Regeringerne overvåger - og det er kun starten.
Filmed:
Readability: 5.2
893,397 views
Forsker i privatliv, Christopher Soghoian forklarer at statslig overvågning er inde i en rivende udvikling, understøttet af en industri der producerer overvågningssystemer. Regeringer køber, gennem private virksomheder, teknologi der kan bryde ind i computere, stjæle dokumenter og overvåge aktivitet - uden at det er muligt at spore programmerne.
Denne TED Fellow giver et foruroligende indblik i hvad der kommer i fremtiden.
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activist
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The 2011 Arab Spring
0
811
1965
Det arabiske forår i 2011
00:14
captured the attention of the world.
1
2776
1803
fangede hele verdens opmærksomhed.
00:16
It also captured the attention
2
4579
1649
Det fik også opmærksomhed fra
00:18
of authoritarian governments in other countries,
3
6228
2377
autoritære regimer i andre lande, som
00:20
who were worried that revolution would spread.
4
8605
2963
frygtede at en revolution ville sprede sig
00:23
To respond, they ramped up surveillance
5
11568
2077
Som modsvar begyndte de at overvåge
00:25
of activists, journalists and dissidents
6
13645
3096
aktivister, journalister og opposition
00:28
who they feared would inspire revolution
7
16741
1954
som de frygtede ville inspirere til
00:30
in their own countries.
8
18695
1835
en revolution i deres egne lande.
00:32
One prominent Bahraini activist,
9
20530
2045
En prominent aktivist fra Bahrain
00:34
who was arrested and tortured by his government,
10
22575
2110
som blev arresteret og tortureret af
sin regering
sin regering
00:36
has said that the interrogators showed him
11
24685
1725
har fortalt at forhørslederne
00:38
transcripts of his telephone calls
12
26410
1870
viste ham udskrifter af
00:40
and text messages.
13
28280
1808
telefonopkald og sms'er.
00:42
Of course, it's no secret
14
30088
1656
Det er naturligvis ingen hemmelighed
00:43
that governments are able to intercept
telephone calls and text messages.
telephone calls and text messages.
15
31744
3196
at regeringer er i stand til at aflytte telefonopkald
og læse sms'er.
og læse sms'er.
00:46
It's for that reason that many activists
16
34940
2372
Det er derfor at mange aktivister
00:49
specifically avoid using the telephone.
17
37312
1926
specifikt undgår at bruge telefonen.
00:51
Instead, they use tools like Skype,
18
39238
2348
I stedet bruger de værktøjer som Skype
00:53
which they think are immune to interception.
19
41586
2520
som de tror er umulige at aflytte.
00:56
They're wrong.
20
44106
1772
De tager fejl.
00:57
There have now been over the last few years
21
45878
2726
Indenfor de sidste år er der opstået
01:00
an industry of companies
22
48604
1646
en industri af virksomheder som
01:02
who provide surveillance technology to governments,
23
50250
3254
tilbyder overvågningsteknologi til regeringer
01:05
specifically technology that
allows those governments
allows those governments
24
53504
2361
specielt teknologi som tillader disse regeringer at
01:07
to hack into the computers
25
55865
1653
hacke computere som tilhører
01:09
of surveillance targets.
26
57518
1595
dem de vil overvåge.
01:11
Rather than intercepting the communications
as they go over the wire,
as they go over the wire,
27
59113
2840
I stedet for at aflytte kommunikation
01:13
instead they now hack into your computer,
28
61953
2267
kan de nu hacke din computer,
01:16
enable your webcam, enable your microphone,
29
64220
2002
tænde for dit webcam, tænde din microfon
01:18
and steal documents from your computer.
30
66222
2457
og stjæle dokumenter fra din computer.
01:20
When the government of Egypt fell in 2011,
31
68679
2833
Da regeringen i Egypten blev væltet i 2011
01:23
activists raided the office of the secret police,
32
71512
3401
rensagede aktivisterne det hemmelige politis
01:26
and among the many documents they found
33
74913
1988
kontorer, og blandt de mange dokumenter
01:28
was this document by the Gamma Corporation,
34
76901
2317
de fandt var dette dokument fra Gamma
01:31
by Gamma International.
35
79218
1801
Corporation, af Gamma International.
01:33
Gamma is a German company
36
81019
1657
Gamma er et tysk firma, som
01:34
that manufactures surveillance software
37
82676
1484
fremstiller overvågningssoftware
01:36
and sells it only to governments.
38
84160
2157
og udelukkende sælger det til regeringer.
01:38
It's important to note that most governments
39
86317
2007
Det er vigtigt at bemærke at de fleste
01:40
don't really have the in-house capabilities
40
88324
2066
regeringer ikke har in-house kompetencer
01:42
to develop this software.
41
90390
1465
til at udvikle dette software.
01:43
Smaller ones don't have the resources
42
91855
1619
De mindre har ikke ressourcer
01:45
or the expertise,
43
93474
1776
eller ekspertise,
01:47
and so there's this market of Western companies
44
95250
3307
og derfor er der et marked for vestlige
01:50
who are happy to supply them with the tools
45
98557
1967
virksomheder, som gerne vil sælge dem
01:52
and techniques for a price.
46
100524
1718
disse værktøjer og teknikker.
01:54
Gamma is just one of these companies.
47
102242
2606
Gamma er blot én af disse virksomheder.
01:56
I should note also that Gamma never actually sold
48
104848
2908
Jeg bør også nævne, at Gamma faktisk
01:59
their software to the Egyptian government.
49
107756
1897
aldrig solgte deres software til den
02:01
They'd sent them an invoice for a sale,
50
109653
2597
egyptiske regering. De sendte en faktura,
02:04
but the Egyptians never bought it.
51
112250
1642
men egypterne købte det ikke.
02:05
Instead, apparently, the Egyptian government
52
113892
1724
I stedet brugte den egyptiske regering
02:07
used a free demo version of Gamma's software.
53
115616
2633
tilsyneladende den gratis demo version af
02:10
(Laughter)
54
118249
2775
Gammas software. (Latter)
02:13
So this screenshot is from a sales video
55
121024
3498
Det her screenshot er fra en salgsvideo
02:16
that Gamma produced.
56
124522
1565
som Gamma har produceret.
02:18
Really, they're just emphasizing
57
126087
1983
De understreger i virkeligheden,
02:20
in a relatively slick presentation
58
128070
1651
i en relativ smart præsentation,
02:21
the fact that the police can sort of sit
59
129721
2193
at politiet kan sidde
02:23
in an air-conditioned office
60
131914
1450
i et kontor med air-condition
02:25
and remotely monitor someone
61
133364
1411
og overvåge andre på afstand
02:26
without them having any idea that it's going on.
62
134775
2175
uden at de har nogen anelse
om hvad der foregår.
om hvad der foregår.
02:28
You know, your webcam light won't turn on.
63
136950
2035
Lyset på dit webcam vil ikke blive tændt.
02:30
There's nothing to indicate that
the microphone is enabled.
the microphone is enabled.
64
138985
3354
Der er ikke noget der indikerer
at mikrofonen er slået til.
at mikrofonen er slået til.
02:34
This is the managing director
of Gamma International.
of Gamma International.
65
142339
3335
Det her er den administrerende direktør for Gamma International.
02:37
His name is Martin Muench.
66
145674
1861
Hans navn er Martin Muench.
02:39
There are many photos of Mr. Muench that exist.
67
147535
2931
Der er mange billeder af Hr. Muench.
02:42
This is perhaps my favorite.
68
150466
1852
Det her er nok mit favoritbillede.
02:44
I'm just going to zoom in a little bit onto his webcam.
69
152318
2144
Jeg zoomer lige lidt ind på hans webcam.
02:46
You can see there's a little sticker
70
154462
1668
Du kan se, at der er
et lille klistermærke
et lille klistermærke
02:48
that's placed over his camera.
71
156130
1893
over hans kamera.
02:50
He knows what kind of surveillance is possible,
72
158023
2533
Han ved hvilken type
overvågning der er mulig,
overvågning der er mulig,
02:52
and so clearly he doesn't want it to be used
73
160556
1806
og han ønsker helt klart ikke
02:54
against him.
74
162362
1602
at det bliver brugt mod ham.
02:55
Muench has said that he intends
75
163964
1924
Muench har sagt at hans intention er
02:57
for his software to be used
76
165888
1664
at hans software bliver brugt til
02:59
to capture terrorists and locate pedophiles.
77
167552
2983
at fange terrorister og lokalisere pædofile.
03:02
Of course, he's also acknowledged that once
78
170535
1796
Han anerkender naturligvis også
03:04
the software has been sold to governments,
79
172331
2155
at når programmet er solgt til regeringer,
03:06
he has no way of knowing how it can be used.
80
174486
3825
har han ingen måde at vide hvordan det bliver brugt.
03:10
Gamma's software has been located on servers
81
178311
1850
Gammas software er fundet på servere
03:12
in countries around the world,
82
180161
1656
i mange af verdens lande
03:13
many with really atrocious track records
83
181817
2391
som har en grusom historik, og mange
03:16
and human rights violations.
84
184208
1561
krænkelser af menneskerettighederne.
03:17
They really are selling their
software around the world.
software around the world.
85
185769
3395
De sælger deres software i hele verden.
03:21
Gamma is not the only company in the business.
86
189164
2301
Gamma er ikke den eneste virksomhed.
03:23
As I said, it's a $5 billion industry.
87
191465
2751
Som sagt er det en industri som er
5 mia. USD værd.
5 mia. USD værd.
03:26
One of the other big guys in the industry
88
194216
2839
En af de andre store virksomheder
i industrien
i industrien
03:29
is an Italian company called Hacking Team.
89
197055
2395
er et italiensk firma ved navn
Hacking Team.
Hacking Team.
03:31
Now, Hacking Team has what is probably
90
199450
1725
Hacking Team har nok den
03:33
the slickest presentation.
91
201175
1970
smarteste præsentation.
03:35
The video they've produced is very sexy,
92
203145
3028
Deres video er meget sexet,
03:38
and so I'm going to play you a clip
93
206173
1648
og jeg vil vise et klip,
03:39
just so you can get a feel
94
207821
1314
bare så I kan få
en fornemmelse
en fornemmelse
03:41
both for the capabilities of the software
95
209135
1831
af både hvad deres software kan
03:42
but also how it's marketed
96
210966
1906
og hvordan det er markedsført
03:44
to their government clients.
97
212872
1768
til deres regeringskunder.
03:46
(Video) Narrator: You want to look
through your target's eyes.
through your target's eyes.
98
214640
3516
(Video) Fortæller: Du ønsker at se gennem
dit overvågingsmåls øjne.
dit overvågingsmåls øjne.
03:50
(Music)
99
218179
1884
(Musik)
03:52
You have to hack your target.
100
220063
3002
Du er nødt til at hacke dit mål.
03:55
["While your target is browsing the web, exchanging documents, receiving SMS, crossing the borders"]
101
223065
6316
["Mens dit mål surfer på nettet, deler
dokumenter, modtager SMS'er, krydser grænserne"]
dokumenter, modtager SMS'er, krydser grænserne"]
04:01
You have to hit many different platforms.
102
229381
2923
Du er nødt til at ramme mange platforme.
04:04
["Windows, OS X, iOS, Android,
Blackberry, Symbian, Linux"]
Blackberry, Symbian, Linux"]
103
232304
3880
["Windows, OS X, iOS, Android,
Blackberry, Symbian, Linux"]
Blackberry, Symbian, Linux"]
04:08
You have to overcome encryption
104
236184
2468
Du skal overvinde kryptering
04:10
and capture relevant data.
105
238652
2897
og indsamle relevant data.
04:13
[Skype & encrypted calls, target location,
messaging, relationships,
messaging, relationships,
106
241549
4559
[Skype & krypterede opkald,
målets lokation, chats, forhold,
målets lokation, chats, forhold,
04:18
web browsing, audio & video"]
107
246108
3172
web browsing, lyd & video"
04:21
Being stealth and untraceable.
108
249280
4160
Mens du forbliver skjult og usporlig.
["Immun overfor sikkerhedssystemer.
Skjult infrastruktur til dataindsamling"]
Skjult infrastruktur til dataindsamling"]
04:25
["Immune to any protection system
Hidden collection infrastructure"]
Hidden collection infrastructure"]
109
253440
3274
04:28
Deployed all over your country.
110
256714
4105
Implementeret over hele landet.
04:32
["Up to hundreds of thousands of targets
Managed from a single spot"]
Managed from a single spot"]
111
260819
4534
["Op til flere hundrede tusinde mål.
Styret fra ét sted."]
Styret fra ét sted."]
04:37
Exactly what we do.
112
265353
3322
Det er præcis hvad vi gør.
04:40
Christopher Soghoian: So, it
would be funny if it wasn't true,
would be funny if it wasn't true,
113
268675
2263
Christopher Soghoian: så, det ville
være sjovt hvis det ikke var sandt
være sjovt hvis det ikke var sandt
04:42
but, in fact, Hacking Team's software
114
270938
1788
men faktisk bliver Hacking
Teams software
Teams software
04:44
is being sold to governments around the world.
115
272726
2948
solgt til regeringer i hele verden.
04:47
Last year we learned, for example,
116
275674
1752
Sidste år opdagede vi f.eks. at det
04:49
that it's been used to target Moroccan
journalists by the Moroccan government.
journalists by the Moroccan government.
117
277426
4048
er blevet brugt til at ramme marokkanske
journalister af den marokkanske regering
journalister af den marokkanske regering
04:53
Many, many countries it's been found in.
118
281474
2544
Det er fundet i rigtig mange lande.
04:56
So, Hacking Team has also been actively courting
119
284018
3124
Så, Hacking Team har også arbejdet for
at komme ind
at komme ind
04:59
the U.S. law enforcement market.
120
287142
2343
på det amerikanske marked for
retshåndhævelse.
retshåndhævelse.
05:01
In the last year or so, the company
121
289485
2283
Indenfor det sidste års tid
har virksomheden
har virksomheden
05:03
has opened a sales office in Maryland.
122
291768
4776
åbnet et salgskontor i Maryland.
05:08
The company has also hired a spokesperson.
123
296544
2114
Virksomheden har også ansat
en talsperson.
en talsperson.
05:10
They've been attending
124
298658
1537
De har deltaget i
05:12
surveillance industry conferences
125
300195
1597
overvågningsindustriens konferencer
05:13
where law enforcement officials show up.
126
301792
2015
hvor embedsmænd indenfor retsområdet
også deltager
også deltager
05:15
They've spoken at the conferences.
127
303807
1834
De har talt til konferencerne.
05:17
What I thought was most fascinating was
128
305641
1588
Det jeg fandt mest fascinerende
05:19
they've actually paid for the coffee break
129
307229
2101
var at de faktisk betalte for kaffepausen
05:21
at one of the law enforcement conferences
130
309330
1940
på en af konferencerne om retsvæsnet
05:23
earlier this year.
131
311270
1493
tidligere på året.
05:24
I can't tell you for sure that Hacking Team
132
312763
2099
Jeg kan ikke sige med sikkerhed
at Hacking Team
at Hacking Team
05:26
has sold their technology in the United States,
133
314862
2725
har solgt deres teknologi til USA,
05:29
but what I can tell you that if they haven't sold it,
134
317587
1971
men jeg kan sige, at hvis de ikke har
05:31
it isn't because they haven't been trying hard.
135
319558
3175
er det ikke fordi de ikke har forsøgt.
05:34
So as I said before,
136
322733
2042
Så, som jeg sagde før, så vil
05:36
governments that don't really have the resources
137
324775
1920
regeringer som ikke har ressourcerne
05:38
to build their own tools will buy
138
326695
1596
til at bygge deres egne redskaber
05:40
off-the-shelf surveillance software,
139
328291
1410
købe færdigt software
til overvågning
til overvågning
05:41
and so for that reason,
140
329701
1388
og af den grund
05:43
you see that the government of, say, Tunisia,
141
331089
2716
kan du se at f.eks. Turnesien
05:45
might use the same software
as the government of Germany.
as the government of Germany.
142
333805
2188
måske bruger samme software
som regeringen i Tyskland.
som regeringen i Tyskland.
05:47
They're all buying off-the-shelf stuff.
143
335993
2272
De køber allesammen det samme.
05:50
The Federal Bureau of
Investigation in the United States
Investigation in the United States
144
338265
2199
FBI i USA
har et budget til at bygge
deres egne overvågningsteknologier
deres egne overvågningsteknologier
05:52
does have the budget to build
their own surveillance technology,
their own surveillance technology,
145
340464
2762
05:55
and so for several years, I've been trying
146
343226
1781
og i mange år har jeg forsøgt
05:57
to figure out if and how the FBI
147
345007
2391
at finde ud af hvordan FBI
05:59
is hacking into the computers of surveillance targets.
148
347398
2898
hacker computere der tilhører
deres overvågningsmål.
deres overvågningsmål.
06:02
My friends at an organization called
the Electronic Frontier Foundation --
the Electronic Frontier Foundation --
149
350296
3153
Mine venner i en organisation kaldet
"the Electronic Frontier Foundation"--
"the Electronic Frontier Foundation"--
06:05
they're a civil society group —
150
353449
2312
de er en civil samfundsgruppe--
06:07
obtained hundreds of documents from the FBI
151
355761
2492
har skaffet hundredevis af
dokumenter fra FBI
dokumenter fra FBI
06:10
detailing their next generation
of surveillance technologies.
of surveillance technologies.
152
358253
2848
som indeholder detaljer om næste
generation af overvågningsteknologier.
generation af overvågningsteknologier.
06:13
Most of these documents were heavily redacted,
153
361101
2634
De fleste dokumenter var stærkt
censurerede,
censurerede,
06:15
but what you can see from the slides,
154
363735
2816
men som det ses af mine slides,
06:18
if I zoom in, is this term:
155
366551
1962
hvis man zoomer ind, så står der:
06:20
Remote Operations Unit.
156
368513
1820
"Remote Operations Unit."
06:22
Now, when I first looked into this,
157
370333
2234
Da jeg først så det
06:24
I'd never heard of this unit before.
158
372567
2070
havde jeg aldrig hørt om den enhed før.
06:26
I've been studying surveillance
for more than six years.
for more than six years.
159
374637
2302
Jeg har studeret overvågning
i mere end seks år.
i mere end seks år.
06:28
I'd never heard of it.
160
376939
1285
Jeg havde aldrig hørt om det.
06:30
And so I went online and I did some research,
161
378224
1963
Så jeg lavede noget online research,
06:32
and ultimately I hit the mother lode
162
380187
2125
og til sidst ramte jeg en guldåre
06:34
when I went to LinkedIn,
163
382312
1634
da jeg gik på LinkedIn,
06:35
the social networking site for job seekers.
164
383946
2569
det sociale netværk for jobsøgende.
06:38
There were lots of former
U.S. government contractors
U.S. government contractors
165
386515
2913
Der var en masse tidligere
statslige ansatte
statslige ansatte
06:41
who had at one point worked
166
389428
1387
som engang havde arbejdet
06:42
for the Remote Operating Unit,
167
390815
1309
for "the Remote Operation Unit",
06:44
and were describing in surprising detail on their CVs
168
392124
3414
og som beskrev hvad de havde lavet i
deres tidligere jobs
deres tidligere jobs
06:47
what they had done in their former job.
169
395538
2031
overraskende detaljeret
i deres Cv'er.
i deres Cv'er.
06:49
(Laughter)
170
397569
2222
(Latter)
06:51
So I took this information
171
399791
1987
Så jeg tog den information
06:53
and I gave it to a journalist that I know
and trust at the Wall Street Journal,
and trust at the Wall Street Journal,
172
401778
3744
og gav det til en journalist som jeg kender
og stoler på fra Wall Street Journal
og stoler på fra Wall Street Journal
06:57
and she was able to contact several other
173
405522
1801
og hun var i stand til
at kontakte flere andre
at kontakte flere andre
06:59
former law enforcement officials
174
407323
1754
tidligere ansatte i retsvæsnet
07:01
who spoke on background and confirmed
175
409077
1806
som fortalte om deres baggrund
og bekræftede
og bekræftede
07:02
that yes, in fact, the FBI has a dedicated team
176
410883
3359
at FBI har et dedikeret team
07:06
that does nothing but hack into the computers
177
414242
2136
som ikke laver andet end at hacke
computere
computere
07:08
of surveillance targets.
178
416378
1526
som tilhører mål for overvågning.
07:09
Like Gamma and Hacking Team,
179
417904
1888
Ligesom Gamma og Hacking Team,
07:11
the FBI also has the capability
180
419792
2117
er FBI i stand til, på afstand,
07:13
to remotely activate webcams, microphones,
181
421909
3394
at aktivere webcams, microfoner,
07:17
steal documents, get web browsing information,
182
425303
2202
stjæle dokumenter, få browsing information
07:19
the works.
183
427505
1684
og lignende.
07:21
There's sort of a big problem
184
429189
1822
Der er et stort problem
07:23
with governments going into hacking,
185
431011
1600
med at regeringer begynder at hacke,
07:24
and that's that terrorists, pedophiles,
186
432611
2519
og det er at terrorister, pædofile
07:27
drug dealers, journalists and human rights activists
187
435130
2911
pushere, journalister og
menneskerettighedsforkæmpere
menneskerettighedsforkæmpere
07:30
all use the same kinds of computers.
188
438041
2271
alle samme bruger den samme type
af computere.
af computere.
07:32
There's no drug dealer phone
189
440312
2047
Der er ikke en "pushertelefon"
07:34
and there's no journalist laptop.
190
442359
1966
og der er ingen "journalistcomputer".
07:36
We all use the same technology,
191
444325
2234
Vi bruger alle den samme teknologi
07:38
and what that means then is that for governments
192
446559
1894
og det betyder at for at regeringer
07:40
to have the capability to hack into the computers
193
448453
2117
har mulighed for at hacke computere
07:42
of the real bad guys,
194
450570
1699
som tilhører fjenderne,
07:44
they also have to have the capability
195
452269
1976
også er nødt til at være i stand til
07:46
to hack into our devices too.
196
454245
2185
at hacke vores enheder.
07:48
So governments around the world
197
456430
1752
Regeringer fra hele verden
07:50
have been embracing this technology.
198
458182
1461
har tager denne teknologi i brug.
07:51
They've been embracing hacking
199
459643
1605
De har taget hacking i brug
07:53
as a law enforcement technique,
200
461248
1820
som en teknik til retsforfølgelse
07:55
but without any real debate.
201
463068
1950
men uden nogen reel debat.
07:57
In the United States, where I live,
202
465018
1819
I USA, hvor jeg bor,
07:58
there have been no congressional hearings.
203
466837
1825
har der ikke været nogle høringer i kongressen.
08:00
There's no law that's been passed
204
468662
1961
Der er ikke vedtaget love
08:02
specifically authorizing this technique,
205
470623
2073
som specifikt autoriserer denne teknik,
og fordi det er så stærkt et værktøj
som har potentiale for misbrug
som har potentiale for misbrug
08:04
and because of its power and potential for abuse,
206
472696
2669
08:07
it's vital that we have an informed public debate.
207
475365
2947
er det vigtigt at vi har en informeret
offentlig debat.
offentlig debat.
08:10
Thank you very much.
208
478312
1946
Mange tak.
08:12
(Applause)
209
480258
1556
(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activistChristopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights.
Why you should listen
TED Fellow Christopher Soghoian is a champion of digital privacy rights, with a focus on the role that third-party service providers play in enabling governments to monitor citizens. As the principal technologist at the American Civil Liberties Union, he explores the intersection of federal surveillance and citizen's rights.
Before joining the ACLU, he was the first-ever technologist for the Federal Trade Commision's Division of Privacy and Identity Protection, where he worked on investigations of Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Netflix. Soghoian is also the creator of Do Not Track, an anti-tracking device that all major web browsers now use, and his work has been cited in court.
Christopher Soghoian | Speaker | TED.com