Jim Yong Kim: Doesn't everyone deserve a chance at a good life?
Jim Yong Kim: ¿No merecemos todos la oportunidad de una buena vida?
Jim Yong Kim is leading a global effort to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
over the last five years
que he tenido de viajar
countries in the world.
más pobres del mundo.
I see all the time everywhere,
por doquier:
are looking at a smartphone,
en teléfonos inteligentes,
in even the poorest countries.
incluso en los países más pobres.
all over the world.
en todo el mundo.
that there's a convergence of aspirations.
hay una convergencia de aspiraciones.
to actually look into this.
que analizara este fenómeno.
all around the world?
en todo el mundo?
about satisfaction in life
de Gallup sobre la satisfacción en la vida
that if you have access to the internet,
tiene acceso a Internet,
that's very important:
compara la propia,
of a nation, for example,
de una nación, por ejemplo,
de otras naciones,
have to go up at least five percent
tienen que subir al menos un 5 %
level of satisfaction.
nivel de satisfacción.
into the lower percentiles of income,
percentiles más bajos de ingresos,
goes up 10 percent,
sube un 10 %,
are linked to opportunity
estén vinculadas a las oportunidades
y crecimiento económico,
in the country I was born in, in Korea?
going to meet frustration?
terminarán en frustración?
because between 2012 and 2015,
porque entre 2012 y 2015,
increased by 74 percent.
terroristas en un 74 %.
went up 150 percent.
creció un 150 %.
of fragility, conflict, violence,
conflicto, violencia,
of the world's poor
de los pobres del mundo
of fragility, conflict and violence.
de fragilidad, conflicto y violencia.
about meeting these aspirations?
satisfacer estas aspiraciones?
to meet these aspirations?
satisfacer estas aspiraciones?
I'm extremely worried.
la situación me preocupa.
because of access to the internet.
gracias al acceso a Internet.
satisfacer esas aspiraciones
my own personal story.
cargó a su propia hermana,
la Guerra de Corea.
scholarships to go to New York City.
para ir a Nueva York.
and got married in New York City.
y se casaron en Nueva York.
in the northern part of the country,
en la parte norte del país,
and living in New York,
mientras vivían en Nueva York,
at Patricia Murphy's restaurant.
restaurante de Patricia Murphy.
to live in a place like New York City
en un lugar como Nueva York
and they came back to Korea,
regresaron a Corea,
as kind of an idyllic life,
como una especie de vida idílica,
in Korea at that time
en Corea en ese momento
of the poorest in the world
los países más pobres del mundo
the street from our house all the time,
todo el tiempo,
against the military government.
contra el gobierno militar.
the organization I lead now,
Banco Mundial, que dirijo ahora,
para Corea.
find it difficult without foreign aid
sin ayuda externa
than the bare necessities of life.
lo estrictamente necesario para vivir.
Korea is in a tough position,
what life is like in the United States.
cómo era la vida en EE.UU.
My brother was born there.
to give us an opportunity
para darnos una oportunidad
para nosotros,
to the United States.
all over again.
como dentista.
moving to Iowa, of all places.
a Iowa, de todos los lugares posibles.
through the whole course.
something that I'll never forget,
after my sophomore year in college,
en la universidad,
what are your aspirations?
¿cuáles son tus aspiraciones?
What do you want to do?"
¿Qué quieres hacer?"
y nos había llenado de ideas
and had filled us with ideas
political science and philosophy,
ciencias políticas y filosofía,
part of a political movement."
un movimiento político".
over to the side of the road --
a un lado de la carretera,
you can study anything you want."
y puedes estudiar lo que quieras".
to a mostly Asian audience before.
público en su mayoría asiático.
my father died at a young age,
murió a una edad temprana,
of my medical and graduate studies --
de mis estudios de medicina...
by doing medicine and anthropology.
de medicina y antropología.
I met these two people,
conocí a estas dos personas,
getting our PhD's in anthropology.
en antropología.
some pretty fundamental questions.
preguntas bastante fundamentales.
of studying medicine and anthropology --
de estudiar medicina y antropología...
in a bus in a swamp in Florida.
en un pantano en Florida.
"basura blanca".
elaborate educations,
extremadamente sofisticada
of our responsibility to the world?
responsabilidad para con el mundo?
to start an organization.
there's a movie made about that.
una película sobre eso.
that was just a brilliant movie
called "Bending the Arc."
who made it happen.
que lo hizo posible.
about what it would take for us
qué implicaría por nuestra parte
reach the level
alcancen el nivel
communities in the world.
más pobres del mundo.
to Haiti in 1988,
a Haití en 1988,
a sort of mission statement,
de declaración de objetivos,
a preferential option for the poor
por los pobres en términos
were graduate students in anthropology.
y éramos estudiantes de antropología.
and down the other.
el otro a Habermas y Fernand Braudel.
of how are we going to structure our work?
sobre cómo estructurar nuestro trabajo?
about a preferential option for the poor
preferencial por los pobres
for your own sense of heroism.
por el propio sentido de heroismo.
how to lift the poor out of poverty.
a los pobres de la pobreza.
for your own organization.
de nuestra organización.
for your poor.
por nuestros pobres.
la opción más rentable
and maybe a feeding program.
y quizá en un programa nutricional.
was a hospital.
with the opportunities
las oportunidades
from others, relatives, for example,
por ejemplo,
of opportunities as my parents did.
que quisieron mis padres.
We built hospitals.
to try to give them opportunities.
de darles oportunidades.
se tornó intensa
in this community, Carabayllo,
esta comunidad, Carabayllo,
del norte de Lima, Perú.
to people's homes and talking to people,
para hablar con ellos,
of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
tuberculosis resistente a muchos fármacos.
he was about 18 years old,
tenía unos 18 años,
of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
y resistente a muchos fármacos.
the global health gurus,
los gurús de la salud,
to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis.
tuberculosis resistente a fármacos.
they were getting angry at us,
we would have done it.
nosotros lo habríamos hecho.
were the World Health Organization
Mundial de la Salud
we fought with most
contra la que más luchamos
to take his medicines,
de que tome sus medicinas,
did Melquiades's family ever say,
la familia de Melquíades dijo:
is just not cost-effective.
simplemente no es rentable.
and treat somebody else?"
for about 10 years
desde hacía unos 10 años
our annual meetings in Lima, Peru
because he goes to the film openings,
porque va a los estrenos de películas,
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis --
resistente a múltiples fármacos...
in the early 2000s about HIV.
de la década de 2000 sobre el VIH.
people in the world said
de la salud en el mundo decían
to treat HIV in poor countries.
en países pobres.
you can't do it.
no es posible.
resistente a fármacos
that he was not cost-effective.
que no fuera rentable.
and this is what he looked like.
este era su aspecto.
of HIV treatment.
del tratamiento del VIH.
a few months later.
nuestra batalla, pensamos,
that kept saying it's not cost-effective.
diciendo que no era rentable.
requires us to raise our aspirations
requiere que elevemos el nivel
de los pobres.
but it's just not cost-effective.
pero no es rentable.
that we have operated Partners in Health,
actuábamos con Partners in Health,
básicamente del Banco Mundial.
basically, the World Bank.
on just economic growth
solo en el crecimiento económico
have to shrink their budgets
tienen que reducir sus presupuestos
in health, education and social welfare --
en educación y en bienestar social...
era fundamentalmente un error.
to be President of the World Bank.
para presidir el Banco Mundial.
with President Obama's team,
con el equipo del presidente Obama,
and they had read every page.
y habían leído cada página.
of the World Bank Group in July of 2012,
del Banco Mundial en julio de 2012,
"Soñamos un mundo libre de pobreza".
"Our dream is a world free of poverty."
we actually turned it into a goal:
hicimos de eso un objetivo:
promover la prosperidad compartida.
en el Grupo del Banco Mundial.
at the World Bank Group.
the preferential option for the poor
preferencial por los pobres
with you some concerns,
con Uds. algunas preocupaciones,
so much better than I do,
You've all heard that.
la pérdida de empleos.
that two thirds of all jobs,
que se perderán dos tercios
in developing countries,
en países en desarrollo,
de esos empleos.
to make up for those jobs
into a formal labor force.
la salud en fuerza de trabajo formal.
and as people have formal work,
y las personas tienen empleo formal,
that you add to it
that will have a huge impact,
que produzcan un enorme impacto,
that grows the most.
de mayor crecimiento.
that bothers me:
that the jobs of the future
que los empleos del futuro
in childhood stunting.
en el crecimiento infantil.
who shared these with us
que ha querido compartir aquí
on the one side, on the left side,
del lado izquierdo,
not adequate stimulation.
estimulación inadecuada.
of course, is a normal child,
has all of these neuronal connections.
estas conexiones neuronales.
are important,
son importantes
the definition of human capital.
de capital humano.
can reduce these rates.
reducir estas tasas.
of childhood stunting quickly,
de falta de crecimiento infantil,
with 38 percent childhood stunting,
con 38 % de falta de desarrollo infantil
in the economy of the future
en la economía del futuro
cannot achieve educationally
no tendrá formación
about achieving economically
los logros económicos
the country as a whole grow.
al crecimiento conjunto del país.
is the size of the global economy.
de la economía mundial.
in negative interest rate bonds.
de tipo de interés negativo.
the German central bank your money
Central Alemán su dinero
de interés negativo.
in very low-earning government bonds.
gubernamentales de muy bajos ingresos.
in the hands of rich people
en manos de los ricos
is now use our own tools --
nuestras propias herramientas...
first-loss risk debt instruments,
contra el riesgo,
blended finance,
de financiación mixta,
political risk insurance,
contra el riesgo,
at the World Bank Group
en el Grupo del Banco Mundial
to make themselves richer,
para hacerse más ricos,
on behalf of the poor
coraje en nombre de los pobres
private-sector players into a country
from the World Bank
del Banco Mundial
and we do all the things you need
lo necesario
from having a cost of electricity
tener un costo de electricidad
doing the auction,
por subasta,
para Zambia?
a kilowatt-hour. It's possible.
el kilovatio/hora. Es posible.
literally are rocket scientists.
ingenieros aeroespaciales.
how to use drones in Rwanda.
cómo usar drones en Ruanda.
anywhere in the country
huge amounts of money for Rwanda.
cantidades de dinero a Ruanda.
and we need that from all of you.
a little bit of time in your brains
de su tiempo a pensar
that you work on,
the design that you do.
y los diseños que hacen.
of extraordinary win-win solutions.
soluciones con las que todos ganemos.
with one final story.
and I was in a classroom.
of 11-year-olds.
con niños de 11 años.
of the World Bank."
and their teachers laughed.
y sus maestros rieron.
una historia.
this is what it looked like.
este era el aspecto del país.
the President of the World Bank,
el presidente del Banco Mundial,
and come to my classroom,
en Corea ese día,
of the World Bank
del Banco Mundial
President of the World Bank.
del Banco Mundial.
that was the poorest in the world.
el más pobre del mundo.
pull up the ladder behind me.
donde haya muros.
trabajen con nosotros.
those Zipline-type solutions
soluciones como Zipline
leapfrog into a better world,
a entrar a un mundo mejor,
until we work together.
que trabajemos juntos.
and especially for your children --
- sobre todo para sus hijos -
and compassion we bring
y compasión aportemos
provides equality of opportunity
brinde igualdad de oportunidades
to hear a talk like this
a little more specific on your proposal.
un poco más específico en su propuesta.
entrepreneurs in this room.
y emprendedores en esta sala.
What's your proposal?
¿Cuáles son las propuestas?
for just a second.
friki por un momento?
JYK: So here's what we did.
JYK: Hicimos lo siguiente.
in developing country infrastructure,
no invierten en infraestructura,
they can't take the risk.
for people who pay for insurance.
International Development Association
para el Desarrollo Internacional
more money, a hundred million,
unos cien millones,
así si las cosas salen mal,
meaning if this thing goes bad,
a 90-percent chunk, tranche
so the insurance companies invested.
las compañías aseguradoras.
is taking our public money
specific instruments
de instrumentos específicos
on trillions of dollars of cash,
en billones de dólares en efectivo,
looking for are investment proposals
propuestas de inversión
in the developing world.
el mundo en desarrollo.
in infrastructure that brings energy,
en infraestructura energética,
are necessary to create jobs,
para crear empleos,
you're working on
con la que trabaja
in the developing world,
en el mundo en desarrollo,
of the technology.
with the Rwandans early
inicial con los ruandeses
tiene buena banda ancha -
completely on their own.
We will make the introductions.
a empezar el proyecto.
We will help you do that.
Les ayudaremos a hacerlo.
is the World Bank willing to deploy
a desplegar el Banco Mundial
to try to do something like this.
a donde no quiero.
JYK: Estos son nuestros objetivos.
JYK: So here's what we're going to do.
en países pobres,
that we're investing in poor countries,
over the next three years,
more effectively.
It depends on the quality of the ideas.
Depende de la calidad de las ideas.
is going to be the problem.
vaya a ser el problema.
from the man himself.
JYK: Gracias. Gracias.
JYK: Thank you. Thank you.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jim Yong Kim - President, World Bank GroupJim Yong Kim is leading a global effort to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity.
Why you should listen
Jim Yong Kim is the 12th president of the World Bank Group. Soon after he assumed his position in July 2012, the organization established two goals to guide its work: to end extreme poverty by 2030 and to boost shared prosperity, focusing on the bottom 40 percent of the population in developing countries. In September 2016, the World Bank Group Board unanimously reappointed Kim to a second five-year term as president.
During his first term, the World Bank Group supported the development priorities of countries at levels never seen outside a financial crisis and, with its partners, achieved two successive, record replenishments of the World Bank Group’s fund for the poorest. The institution also launched several innovative financial instruments, including facilities to address infrastructure needs, prevent pandemics and help the millions of people forcibly displaced from their homes by climate shocks, conflict, and violence.
Kim's career has revolved around health, education and delivering services to the poor. In 1987, he co-founded Partners In Health, a nonprofit medical organization that works in poor communities on four continents. He has received a MacArthur "genius" grant, was recognized as one of America's "25 Best Leaders" by U.S. News & World Report and was named one of TIME magazine's "100 Most Influential People in the World.
Jim Yong Kim | Speaker | TED.com