Jonathan Wilker: What sticky sea creatures can teach us about making glue
Jonathan Wilker: ¿Qué nos pueden enseñar algunas criaturas marinas para hacer pegamento?
Jonathan Wilker explores the science and engineering happening within our oceans. He works to understand the ways that sea creatures survive and how we can adapt their technologies to create new materials. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
on a field trip,
a una excursión;
and take you all to the beach
y del rocío salino.
and the salt spray.
we're getting knocked around by the waves,
to stay in place.
por toda clase de criaturas marinas
by all sorts of sea creatures
there in place, no problem.
that if you want to survive
upon your ability to make glue, actually.
su capacidad para hacer pegamento.
to some of the heroes of our story,
los héroes de nuestra historia,
they're covering the rocks.
y así quedan pegados a las rocas,
to each other, actually.
together as a group.
of an oyster reef,
de un arrecife de ostras,
extensive reef systems.
sistemas de arrecifes
they can be meters deep,
y varios metros de profundidad.
dominant influence
la influencia más dominante
marine ecosystem is going to be,
marino costero,
is they're filtering the water constantly,
inside of these reefs.
arrecifes viven otras especies.
what happens when a storm comes in,
cuando llega una tormenta:
first has to hit miles of these reefs,
golpeará estos extensos arrecifes,
is going to be protected.
quedará protegida.
pretty much anywhere in the world,
playa rocosa en cualquier lugar,
with what barnacles look like.
cómo son los percebes.
these are just three of them --
they stick to the rocks
se pegan a las rocas
and by doing this,
ventajas para su supervivencia.
advantages they get.
is subjected to less of the turbulence
está sometido a menos turbulencia
that can happen from that environment.
que pueden ocurrir en ese entorno.
in numbers thing,
keep away the predators,
alejados los depredadores
wants to pick you up and eat you,
se dispone a comerlos,
if they're all stuck together.
con la eficiencia reproductiva.
with reproductive efficiency.
that when Mr. and Mrs. Barnacle decide,
y la señora Percebe deciden:
little baby barnacles" --
pequeños bebés percebes".
how they do that just yet --
que es tiempo de hacerlo,
efficiency is higher
reproductiva es mayor
how they do this, how do they stick,
all the details,
we're still trying to figure out,
tratando de entender,
that we're trying to do.
que estamos intentando.
systems we have in our lab,
de los acuarios de nuestro laboratorio
is part of the system,
forma parte del sistema.
abajo, hay un grupo de mejillones,
in the bottom, there's a bunch of mussels,
we have the lights cycled,
more adhesives for us
adhesivos cuando el agua es turbulenta.
we collect it, we study it.
lo recolectamos y lo estudiamos.
they're in Maine in February,
as far as we can tell.
que se los ve bastante felices.
of a small reef in South Carolina,
arrecife en Carolina del Sur,
is seeing how they attach to each other,
cómo se unen unas con otras,
in the bottom image
that are cementing to each other.
se están pegando entre sí.
we'll cut them and look down,
las cortamos y observamos
of images we have here,
we'll have two shells,
inferior hay dos caparazones,
and the shell of another animal,
in the shell of each animal,
animal hay una estructura,
actually looks different.
sofisticadas de biología y química
of fancy biology and chemistry tools
is the structures are different
las estructuras son diferentes
and it's quite interesting.
y eso es muy interesante.
before I tell you what this is.
de decirles de qué se trata.
"The Magic School Bus"?
"El autobús mágico",
"Fantastic Voyage," right?
"El viaje fantástico"?
they had these characters
to these microscopic levels,
niveles microscópicos,
all these biological structures?
todas estas estructuras biológicas?
except for it's real, in this case.
aunque en este caso es real.
two oysters that are stuck together,
que estaban pegadas
completely filled in with the cement,
rellenada con el pegamento--
has lots of different components in there,
tiene muchos componentes
there are hard, non-sticky parts
partes duras, no pegajosas
the non-sticky parts selectively
las partes no pegajosas
attaching the animals,
lo que realmente unía a los animales
there's this sticky adhesive
el adhesivo pegajoso
and going back there.
volando y llegando hasta allí.
we're doing to understand
que estamos haciendo para entender
is making these materials.
produce estos materiales.
it's really exciting to learn.
es muy interesante de investigar.
to do with this information?
con esta información?
aplicaciones tecnológicas
of technological applications
what the animals are doing.
lo que hacen estos animales.
or a mug or something like that?
o un jarrito, o algo parecido.
of the hardware store.
de pegamentos de la ferretería.
cool people, because you're here,
divertida, porque están aquí,
and concerts --
yo todas las noches.
that's on the shelf,
to put things back together,
in a bucket of water.
en un balde con agua.
We all know this.
Todos sabemos esto.
has solved this,
ways to be able to copy this ourselves.
modos de copiar esto.
y tomar materiales de la playa
the materials from the beach,
solo obtendrán un poquito de material,
to do anything with,
para hacer algo que sirva,
a escala del tamaño de un vagón de tren.
ideally maybe train car scale.
of one of the types of molecules
de uno de los tipos de moléculas
to make their glue,
para hacer pegamento.
llamadas proteínas,
molecules, they're called proteins,
some fairly unique parts in them
those little parts of that chemistry,
pequeñas de esa química
into other long molecules that we can get
largas que podamos obtener,
on a really large scale,
hacer a gran escala;
as plastics or polymers,
plásticos o polímeros.
simplifying what they do,
into these large molecules.
adhesiva en esas moléculas largas.
adhesive systems in doing this,
sistemas adhesivos diferentes,
a new adhesive that looks pretty good,
que parece muy bueno, ¿qué hace?
por todo el laboratorio.
just sticking stuff together.
and glued together two pieces of metal
y pegamos dos piezas de metal
and thought we were very clever.
vivos, y nos sentimos muy inteligentes.
quantitative about this most often,
against commercial adhesives,
los adhesivos comerciales
that are stronger than superglue.
fuertes que los pegamentos instantáneos.
It's stronger than superglue.
que el pegamento instantáneo.
is one of our adhesive formulations,
de nuestras preparaciones adhesivas;
we're dispensing it completely underwater,
completamente bajo el agua
an adhesive bond, or joint,
una unión adhesiva, o una junta,
and just position it.
for a while, give it a chance,
para que se consolide,
on it, nothing fancy.
encima... nada sofisticado.
in it, nothing fancy.
plomo adentro, nada refinado.
It's completely underwater.
Está totalmente bajo el agua.
very strong underwater adhesion.
una adhesión muy fuerte bajo el agua.
or at least one of the strongest
más fuerte o uno de los más fuertes
that's ever been seen.
that the animals produce,
producido por los animales,
para nosotros. Es genial.
It's pretty cool.
with these things?
that you're probably really familiar with.
que quizá les sean familiares.
your laptop, plywood in most structures,
la computadora portátil, el contrachapado,
phone books, things like this.
guías telefónicas, cosas como estas.
unidos por los adhesivos.
with the adhesives
con el adhesivo de estos objetos.
or wood laminate in floors --
o la madera laminada de los pisos
here is formaldehyde,
en sus adhesivos al formaldehído...
a lot of structures from these adhesives,
muchas estructuras
a lot of this carcinogen.
are all permanent.
estos adhesivos son permanentes.
el auto, o la computadora portátil
or your car or even your laptop
when you're done using it?
they end up in landfills.
of precious materials in there
que podríamos sacar y reciclar.
and recycle them.
pegados de forma permanente.
together permanently.
resolver algunos de estos problemas:
to try and solve some of these problems,
is we've taken another long molecule
que podemos obtener del maíz
de adhesión de los mejillones.
chemistry from the mussels.
and we've got the mussels,
del surf y la hierba.
it's also degradable,
es que es degradable
under very mild conditions, with water.
en condiciones suaves, con agua.
is we can set things up
strongly when we want,
cuando queremos,
where a lot of us want to be.
estar en esta situación.
this is a place we do not want to be,
en la que no queremos estar,
if you've had some surgery or an injury.
hay una operación o una herida.
look at how much you're making
y puntual para unir las cosas.
as you pull things together.
It's not so good.
sano. No es bueno.
to hold together your bones,
para unir los huesos,
you have to drill out
debe perforarse para sostener la placa.
en una cámara de tortura medieval,
devised in a medieval torture chamber,
sistemas como estos con adhesivos.
systems like these with adhesives.
but this is not easy.
en esto, pero no es fácil.
for adhesives in these cases.
necesitarían en estos casos.
an adhesive that is going to set
que solidifiquen en un entorno húmedo.
little picture there,
are about 60 percent water,
cuerpo es un 60 % agua,
I am a scientist and not an artist.
por qué soy científico y no artista.
you need for a good biomedical adhesive:
un buen adhesivo biomédico son:
in a material is pretty easy.
en un material es bastante fácil.
But getting all three hasn't been done.
conseguir los tres juntos, no.
ellos son muy quisquillosos:
they get picky --
dentro del mismo período de la cirugía".
on the same time frame as the surgery."
can remodel the site."
remodelan el sitio".
We're working on it.
Estamos trabajando en ello.
all sorts of bones and skin
clase de huesos y piel,
we'll whack it with a hammer.
los golpeamos con un martillo.
in precise shapes.
algunos materiales fuertes,
some strong materials,
like they're not toxic,
el problema de la adhesión húmeda,
we've solved the wet adhesion problem,
visiones para el futuro.
in our sights for the future.
to see things go farther down the road.
me gustaría ver un avance.
you can imagine we might be better off
otras cosas que podríamos mejorar
fake nails or eyelash extensions,
uñas o pestañas postizas,
adhesivos muy tóxicos.
they're going to be.
de combustible.
and get away from welding
de los remaches y las soldaduras
generación de transportes.
of transportation.
comes back to the beach.
de vuelta a la playa.
"How do these sea creatures stick?
"¿Cómo se pegan las criaturas marinas?
really a lot of things we can still learn
you all to do in the future
a que en el futuro
laptops and cell phones
no reciclables y sus teléfonos móviles,
some of your own questions.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jonathan Wilker - Scientist, engineerJonathan Wilker explores the science and engineering happening within our oceans. He works to understand the ways that sea creatures survive and how we can adapt their technologies to create new materials.
Why you should listen
Jonathan Wilker is a professor of chemistry and materials engineering at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, US. Prior to arriving at Purdue in 1999, he received a bachelor's degree from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, a PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was a postdoctoral scholar at the California Institute of Technology. His research has been recognized with a Beckman Young Investigator Award, an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship and a National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award. His teaching has also received several awards at Purdue. He is always on the lookout for new projects when at the beach or while underwater scuba diving.
Jonathan Wilker | Speaker | TED.com