Jonathan Wilker: What sticky sea creatures can teach us about making glue
Jonathan Wilker: Creaturile marine lipicioase ne pot învăța cum să facem adeziv
Jonathan Wilker explores the science and engineering happening within our oceans. He works to understand the ways that sea creatures survive and how we can adapt their technologies to create new materials. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
on a field trip,
and take you all to the beach
and the salt spray.
we're getting knocked around by the waves,
că suntem loviți de valuri,
to stay in place.
by all sorts of sea creatures
de tot felul de creaturi
there in place, no problem.
that if you want to survive
upon your ability to make glue, actually.
de capacitatea de a produce adeziv.
to some of the heroes of our story,
câțiva dintre eroii poveștii noastre,
they're covering the rocks.
to each other, actually.
together as a group.
of an oyster reef,
al unui recif de stridii,
extensive reef systems.
they can be meters deep,
ajungând la metri adâncime.
dominant influence
marine ecosystem is going to be,
ecosistemului marin de coastă,
is they're filtering the water constantly,
inside of these reefs.
în acest recif.
what happens when a storm comes in,
când vine furtuna!
first has to hit miles of these reefs,
de kilometri de recife,
is going to be protected.
pretty much anywhere in the world,
aproape oriunde în lume,
with what barnacles look like.
these are just three of them --
acestea fiind doar trei dintre ele...
they stick to the rocks
se lipesc de stânci
and by doing this,
iar făcând asta
advantages they get.
is subjected to less of the turbulence
este supus mai puțin turbulențelor
that can happen from that environment.
ce pot apărea în acel mediu.
in numbers thing,
sunt mai în siguranță în grup
keep away the predators,
wants to pick you up and eat you,
să zicem, vrea să le mănânce,
if they're all stuck together.
dacă ele sunt lipite laolaltă.
with reproductive efficiency.
în eficientizarea reproducerii.
that when Mr. and Mrs. Barnacle decide,
când domnul și doamna scoică decid:
little baby barnacles" --
how they do that just yet --
cum fac asta...
efficiency is higher
how they do this, how do they stick,
cum fac asta, cum se lipesc
all the details,
we're still trying to figure out,
that we're trying to do.
systems we have in our lab,
de acvarii din laboratorul nostru,
is part of the system,
din acest sistem.
in the bottom, there's a bunch of mussels,
pe fundul acvariului din sticlă.
we have the lights cycled,
more adhesives for us
mai mult adeziv
we collect it, we study it.
îl colectăm, îl studiem.
they're in Maine in February,
că sunt în Maine, în februarie,
as far as we can tell.
după câte ne putem da seama.
of a small reef in South Carolina,
un mic recif din Carolina de Sud.
is seeing how they attach to each other,
în care se atașează una de cealaltă,
in the bottom image
that are cementing to each other.
una de cealaltă.
we'll cut them and look down,
le tăiem și le studiem.
of images we have here,
we'll have two shells,
două cochilii:
and the shell of another animal,
și cochilia celuilalt,
in the shell of each animal,
actually looks different.
of fancy biology and chemistry tools
sofisticate din biologie și chimie
is the structures are different
and it's quite interesting.
ceea ce este foarte interesant.
before I tell you what this is.
înainte de a vă spune ce este!
"The Magic School Bus"?
„Autobuzul Magic”?
"Fantastic Voyage," right?
„Călătorie fantastică”, nu-i așa?
they had these characters
to these microscopic levels,
all these biological structures?
prin aceste structuri biologice?
except for it's real, in this case.
doar că acum este ceva real.
two oysters that are stuck together,
care sunt lipite,
completely filled in with the cement,
complet cu ciment
has lots of different components in there,
are multe componente,
there are hard, non-sticky parts
sunt porțiuni dure, nelipicioase
the non-sticky parts selectively
porțiunile nelipicioase
attaching the animals,
și ce leagă de fapt animalele.
there's this sticky adhesive
and going back there.
zburând prin această structură.
we're doing to understand
pe care le facem pentru a înțelege
is making these materials.
aceste materiale.
it's really exciting to learn.
este incitant să aflăm.
to do with this information?
cu această informație?
of technological applications
what the animals are doing.
ceea ce fac animalele.
or a mug or something like that?
o cană sau ceva de genul acesta!
of the hardware store.
din magazinul de bricolaj.
cool people, because you're here,
faini pentru că sunteți aici.
and concerts --
that's on the shelf,
disponibili pe raft,
to put things back together,
să lipiți bucățile,
in a bucket of water.
într-o găleată cu apă.
We all know this.
O știm cu toții.
has solved this,
a găsit o soluție.
ways to be able to copy this ourselves.
de a o copia.
the materials from the beach,
materialele de pe plajă,
to do anything with,
încât să putem face ceva cu el,
ideally maybe train car scale.
ideal, la scara unui vagon de tren.
of one of the types of molecules
uneia dintre moleculele
to make their glue,
molecules, they're called proteins,
foarte lungi, numite proteine,
some fairly unique parts in them
those little parts of that chemistry,
into other long molecules that we can get
on a really large scale,
la scară foarte mare,
as plastics or polymers,
materiale plastice sau polimeri.
simplifying what they do,
into these large molecules.
în aceste molecule mari.
adhesive systems in doing this,
mai multe sisteme adezive,
a new adhesive that looks pretty good,
când creezi un adeziv nou.
just sticking stuff together.
lipind la loc tot ce apucăm.
and glued together two pieces of metal
am lipit două bucăți de metal
and thought we were very clever.
și ne-am crezut foarte isteți.
quantitative about this most often,
cantități mult mai mari
against commercial adhesives,
cu adezivii comerciali.
that are stronger than superglue.
mai puternice decât superglue.
It's stronger than superglue.
E mai puternic decât superglue.
is one of our adhesive formulations,
we're dispensing it completely underwater,
an adhesive bond, or joint,
o îmbinare, o legătură adezivă.
and just position it.
for a while, give it a chance,
on it, nothing fancy.
peste ea. Doar atât!
in it, nothing fancy.
cu plumb în el. Doar atât!
It's completely underwater.
Este complet scufundat sub apă.
very strong underwater adhesion.
foarte puternică sub apă.
or at least one of the strongest
sau printre cei mai puternici
that's ever been seen.
that the animals produce,
decât adezivii produși de animale,
It's pretty cool.
Este grozav!
with these things?
that you're probably really familiar with.
your laptop, plywood in most structures,
la placajul din multe construcții,
phone books, things like this.
la cărțile de telefoane și altele.
with the adhesives
principale cu adezivii
or wood laminate in floors --
sau parchetul laminat...
here is formaldehyde,
a lot of structures from these adhesives,
a lot of this carcinogen.
are all permanent.
că acești adezivi nu se degradează.
or your car or even your laptop
sau chiar laptopul
when you're done using it?
they end up in landfills.
of precious materials in there
and recycle them.
together permanently.
to try and solve some of these problems,
să rezolvăm unele probleme:
is we've taken another long molecule
chemistry from the mussels.
and we've got the mussels,
Frumos!
it's also degradable,
că este degradabil
under very mild conditions, with water.
is we can set things up
strongly when we want,
where a lot of us want to be.
mulți dintre noi să ajungem.
this is a place we do not want to be,
nu ne dorim să ajungem la asta,
if you've had some surgery or an injury.
în urma unei operații sau răni.
look at how much you're making
exercităm atât de mult...
as you pull things together.
atunci când facem legăturile.
It's not so good.
to hold together your bones,
pentru susținerea oaselor,
you have to drill out
devised in a medieval torture chamber,
într-o cameră de tortură medievală,
systems like these with adhesives.
asemenea sisteme cu adezivi.
but this is not easy.
for adhesives in these cases.
ar fi necesari în aceste cazuri!
an adhesive that is going to set
un adeziv ce se fixează
little picture there,
aceea caraghioasă
are about 60 percent water,
I am a scientist and not an artist.
de ce sunt om de știință și nu artist.
you need for a good biomedical adhesive:
pentru a fi de calitate,
să facă legături puternice
in a material is pretty easy.
să fie conform cu două dintre cerințe.
But getting all three hasn't been done.
dar nu pentru toate trei.
they get picky --
on the same time frame as the surgery."
care să se fixeze pe durata operației.”
ca adezivul să se degradeze
can remodel the site."
să poată remodela locul.”
We're working on it.
Lucrăm la asta.
all sorts of bones and skin
we'll whack it with a hammer.
pe care, câteodată, le lovim cu ciocanul.
in precise shapes.
some strong materials,
materiale puternice,
like they're not toxic,
we've solved the wet adhesion problem,
problema aderenței în mediu umed
in our sights for the future.
asta urmărim pentru viitor.
to see things go farther down the road.
în care am vrea ca lucrurile să evolueze.
you can imagine we might be better off
care ar fi mult mai avantajate
fake nails or eyelash extensions,
care își pun unghii sau gene false.
în momentul de față.
they're going to be.
de combustibil mai mic.
and get away from welding
of transportation.
comes back to the beach.
să ne întoarcem pe plajă.
"How do these sea creatures stick?
„Cum se lipesc creaturile acestea?
really a lot of things we can still learn
foarte multe de învățat
you all to do in the future
laptops and cell phones
și laptopurile nereciclabile
some of your own questions.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jonathan Wilker - Scientist, engineerJonathan Wilker explores the science and engineering happening within our oceans. He works to understand the ways that sea creatures survive and how we can adapt their technologies to create new materials.
Why you should listen
Jonathan Wilker is a professor of chemistry and materials engineering at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, US. Prior to arriving at Purdue in 1999, he received a bachelor's degree from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, a PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was a postdoctoral scholar at the California Institute of Technology. His research has been recognized with a Beckman Young Investigator Award, an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship and a National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award. His teaching has also received several awards at Purdue. He is always on the lookout for new projects when at the beach or while underwater scuba diving.
Jonathan Wilker | Speaker | TED.com