Jonathan Wilker: What sticky sea creatures can teach us about making glue
조나단 윌커 (Jonathan Wilker): 접착제 가공에 대해 해양 생물들이 가르쳐 줄 수 있는 것
Jonathan Wilker explores the science and engineering happening within our oceans. He works to understand the ways that sea creatures survive and how we can adapt their technologies to create new materials. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
on a field trip,
and take you all to the beach
and the salt spray.
물보라를 즐기고 싶어요.
we're getting knocked around by the waves,
계속 머물러 있기가
to stay in place.
by all sorts of sea creatures
해양 생물로 덮인
there in place, no problem.
that if you want to survive
upon your ability to make glue, actually.
to some of the heroes of our story,
일부를 소개해 드릴게요,
they're covering the rocks.
to each other, actually.
together as a group.
자리 잡고 있습니다.
of an oyster reef,
굴들의 근접 사진인데 엄청납니다.
암초 시스템을 만드는데요.
extensive reef systems.
they can be meters deep,
dominant influence
marine ecosystem is going to be,
주요한 영향을 끼치는데요.
is they're filtering the water constantly,
모래와 진흙을 그 자리에
inside of these reefs.
다른 종들도 존재해요.
what happens when a storm comes in,
어떻게 될지 생각해 보면
달하는 암초들을 먼저 쳐야해서
first has to hit miles of these reefs,
해안은 보호될 거예요.
is going to be protected.
pretty much anywhere in the world,
많은 아무 바다나 가보셨다면,
with what barnacles look like.
생긴지 알고 계실 거예요.
these are just three of them --
서로 바위에 붙습니다,
they stick to the rocks
and by doing this,
advantages they get.
is subjected to less of the turbulence
하나하나가 서식지의 난류와
영향을 덜 받는다는 것입니다.
that can happen from that environment.
in numbers thing,
keep away the predators,
wants to pick you up and eat you,
따거나 먹으려고 한다면
if they're all stuck together.
더 유리하기 때문입니다.
with reproductive efficiency.
도움이 되는 것입니다.
that when Mr. and Mrs. Barnacle decide,
little baby barnacles" --
how they do that just yet --
efficiency is higher
효율성이 높기 때문입니다.
how they do this, how do they stick,
부착 방식을 이해하려 합니다.
자세하게는 말해 드릴 수 없지만
all the details,
we're still trying to figure out,
조금 알려드릴게요.
that we're trying to do.
systems we have in our lab,
아쿠아리움 장치 중 하나입니다.
이 장치의 일부이며,
is part of the system,
in the bottom, there's a bunch of mussels,
뭉치들이 있는 게 보이시죠,
we have the lights cycled,
more adhesives for us
더 많은 접착 성분을 만들기 때문입니다.
we collect it, we study it.
they're in Maine in February,
as far as we can tell.
of a small reef in South Carolina,
작은 암초를 보세요.
어떻게 이들이 서로 붙어
is seeing how they attach to each other,
in the bottom image
that are cementing to each other.
we'll cut them and look down,
잘라 살펴 봤어요.
of images we have here,
we'll have two shells,
and the shell of another animal,
in the shell of each animal,
actually looks different.
of fancy biology and chemistry tools
이해하기 위해 모든 종류의
사용 중입니다,
is the structures are different
and it's quite interesting.
정말 흥미로워요.
before I tell you what this is.
"The Magic School Bus"?
"Fantastic Voyage," right?
"바디 캡슐”을 아시나요?
they had these characters
to these microscopic levels,
이런 생물학 구조 주변을
all these biological structures?
except for it's real, in this case.
이 경우엔 현실이지만요.
two oysters that are stuck together,
두개의 굴을 준비했어요.
completely filled in with the cement,
접착 물질로 꽉 차있는데요.
has lots of different components in there,
성분들을 가지고 있지만
끈적 하지 않은 부분이 있고,
there are hard, non-sticky parts
the non-sticky parts selectively
attaching the animals,
이들을 부착하는 걸 발견했죠.
there's this sticky adhesive
and going back there.
상상을 할 수 있잖아요.
we're doing to understand
이런 물질들을 만드는지
is making these materials.
연구하고 있는 게 있습니다.
it's really exciting to learn.
배우기 정말 흥미로워요.
to do with this information?
뭘 하고 싶은걸까요?
of technological applications
활동을 통해 이용 가능한
what the animals are doing.
or a mug or something like that?
of the hardware store.
멋있고, 여기 있잖아요.
cool people, because you're here,
and concerts --
that's on the shelf,
to put things back together,
in a bucket of water.
붙이려고 해보세요.
We all know this.
다 알고 있죠.
has solved this,
ways to be able to copy this ourselves.
방법을 찾아야 해요.
the materials from the beach,
그냥 얻는 게 아니란 거죠.
to do anything with,
충분치 않아 보기만 할 수 있겠죠.
ideally maybe train car scale.
of one of the types of molecules
분자가 있는데요.
to make their glue,
molecules, they're called proteins,
단백질이라 불리는데요,
some fairly unique parts in them
those little parts of that chemistry,
화학적 성질을 이용하여
into other long molecules that we can get
on a really large scale,
as plastics or polymers,
simplifying what they do,
접착 화학 성질을 넣는 거예요.
into these large molecules.
접착 구조를 개발해 냈습니다,
adhesive systems in doing this,
a new adhesive that looks pretty good,
꽤 괜찮아 보이죠.
just sticking stuff together.
철 두 개를 붙였어요.
and glued together two pieces of metal
and thought we were very clever.
매달고 매우 똑똑하다고 생각했죠.
quantitative about this most often,
관해 훨씬 양적이에요.
접착제들을 벤치마킹하여
against commercial adhesives,
that are stronger than superglue.
더 강한 물질들도 개발했어요.
It's stronger than superglue.
강력접착제보다 강력하다니요.
접착 물질이 들어 있어요.
is one of our adhesive formulations,
we're dispensing it completely underwater,
붙거나 연결 되도록
an adhesive bond, or joint,
and just position it.
for a while, give it a chance,
조금 시간을 뒀어요.
올렸어요, 별거 아니에요.
on it, nothing fancy.
in it, nothing fancy.
It's completely underwater.
very strong underwater adhesion.
or at least one of the strongest
that's ever been seen.
that the animals produce,
정말 대단해요.
It's pretty cool.
with these things?
that you're probably really familiar with.
대부분에 있는 합판,
your laptop, plywood in most structures,
phone books, things like this.
with the adhesives
두 가지 주요 문제들이 있습니다.
가장 나쁜 건 합판입니다.
바닥의 나무 코팅을 보시면
or wood laminate in floors --
here is formaldehyde,
포름알데히드인데요.
a lot of structures from these adhesives,
구조물들이 만들어면서
a lot of this carcinogen.
마시고 있습니다.
are all permanent.
or your car or even your laptop
노트북조차 수명을 다했을 때,
when you're done using it?
they end up in landfills.
of precious materials in there
꺼내서 재활용하고 싶은
and recycle them.
재활용이 불가능해요.
together permanently.
to try and solve some of these problems,
접근 방식이 있습니다.
is we've taken another long molecule
chemistry from the mussels.
홍합을 합쳤기 때문에
and we've got the mussels,
it's also degradable,
물에서 분해가 가능해요.
under very mild conditions, with water.
is we can set things up
strongly when we want,
where a lot of us want to be.
저희가 가고 싶지 않은 곳이 있죠,
this is a place we do not want to be,
if you've had some surgery or an injury.
다시 고정시키는 방법이죠.
look at how much you're making
as you pull things together.
구멍도 생기고, 좋지 않죠.
It's not so good.
to hold together your bones,
뚫어야 하는지 보세요.
you have to drill out
devised in a medieval torture chamber,
존재할 거 같지만
systems like these with adhesives.
있다면 정말 좋을 거예요.
but this is not easy.
정말 쉽지 않습니다.
for adhesives in these cases.
an adhesive that is going to set
little picture there,
are about 60 percent water,
I am a scientist and not an artist.
과학자인지 설명도 해주죠.
또 필요한 것들이 있어요 :
you need for a good biomedical adhesive:
in a material is pretty easy.
많이 되어 와서 꽤 쉬워요.
But getting all three hasn't been done.
충족시키는 것은 아닙니다.
they get picky --
고정 가능한 접착제가 좋아요."
on the same time frame as the surgery."
분해할 접착제가 필요합니다.”
can remodel the site."
아직 연구 중이에요.
We're working on it.
all sorts of bones and skin
we'll whack it with a hammer.
가끔씩 망치로 치는데요.
in precise shapes.
some strong materials,
like they're not toxic,
we've solved the wet adhesion problem,
in our sights for the future.
to see things go farther down the road.
좋을 다른 일들도 많아요.
you can imagine we might be better off
속눈썹 연장을 생각해 보세요.
fake nails or eyelash extensions,
접착제가 사용돼요.
they're going to be.
and get away from welding
더 나아지겠죠.
of transportation.
comes back to the beach.
“이 해양 생물들은 어떻게 붙어있는 걸까?
"How do these sea creatures stick?
이용할 수 있을까?”
really a lot of things we can still learn
정말 많다는 걸 알려드릴 거예요.
you all to do in the future
핸드폰을 내려놓고
laptops and cell phones
시작하는 것입니다.
some of your own questions.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jonathan Wilker - Scientist, engineerJonathan Wilker explores the science and engineering happening within our oceans. He works to understand the ways that sea creatures survive and how we can adapt their technologies to create new materials.
Why you should listen
Jonathan Wilker is a professor of chemistry and materials engineering at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, US. Prior to arriving at Purdue in 1999, he received a bachelor's degree from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, a PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was a postdoctoral scholar at the California Institute of Technology. His research has been recognized with a Beckman Young Investigator Award, an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship and a National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award. His teaching has also received several awards at Purdue. He is always on the lookout for new projects when at the beach or while underwater scuba diving.
Jonathan Wilker | Speaker | TED.com