Kelsey Johnson: The problem of light pollution -- and 5 ridiculously easy ways to fix it
Kelsey Johnson: El problema de la contaminación lumínica y cinco formas ridículamente simples de solucionarlo
Kelsey Johnson has spent her life in awe of the universe, and she works to inspire that awe in future generations. Full bio
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on the International Space Station,
en la Estación Espacial Internacional,
con la que estén muy familiarizados.
you are super familiar with.
of the United States.
en la parte inferior derecha,
in the lower right,
all the way up through Washington DC.
desde allí hasta Washington DC.
como piedras preciosas,
por sus redes lumínicas.
un resultado muy fotogénico.
illuminating our sidewalks,
a que iluminen nuestras aceras,
going up into the sky
de fotos de la Tierra,
probably to anyone
probablemente para nadie
el cielo nocturno.
on a summer evening
en las noches de verano
behind my house,
looking at the night sky.
mirando el cielo nocturno.
not only the darkness,
no solo a la oscuridad,
really didn't smell very good.
realmente no olía muy bien.
on that star so intensely,
en esa estrella tan intensamente
would fade from my view
desaparecía de mi vista
would be all that I could see.
of connection to the universe.
de conexión con el universo.
unfathomably insignificant
profundamente insignificante
extrañamente importante.
night after night was called Vega.
tras noche se llama Vega.
in the constellation Lyra,
de la constelación de Lyra,
the name of one of my dogs.
el nombre de uno de mis perros.
from Manhattan.
and suburban environments,
en entornos urbanos y suburbanos,
y miran hacia arriba,
by the majesty of the universe,
por la majestuosidad del universo,
completely blank night skies,
completamente vacíos,
we produce at night.
la luz que producimos en la noche.
we see all the way from space
que se ven desde el espacio
and create this featureless smog of light.
un esmog lumínico indiferenciado.
smog of light has a name.
how bad light pollution is
que es la contaminación lumínica
I can see in the sky.
que se ven en el cielo.
descifrar los secretos del cosmos,
the secrets of the cosmos,
to be able to see the cosmos.
of light-years away,
de años luz de distancia,
en general, bastante débil.
al hacer mi trabajo,
it is a really big problem.
que es un problema muy grande.
whimsical ability to gaze at the stars.
caprichosa de mirar las estrellas.
y animales se ven afectadas.
species are affected.
que son tan importantes,
tranquilos y sin pretensiones.
really a whole lot of thought.
more than about 10 meters.
se mueve más de unos 10 metros.
they are attacking their prey
cuando atacan a sus presas
of about a millimeter an hour.
de aproximadamente 1 mm por hora.
como los percebes.
in the intertidal area of coasts,
en la zona intermareal de las costas,
esencial del ecosistema.
of the ecosystem.
invertebrados más dominantes,
dominant invertebrate predators,
think they're pretty tasty.
y aves, los encuentran sabrosos.
in a kind of precarious situation,
en una situación precaria,
los cangrejos son una amenaza,
los pájaros se harán un festín.
telling you about dog whelks?
habla de los caracoles de mar?
afectado por la contaminación lumínica.
is impacted by light pollution.
a luz artificial durante la noche,
to artificial light at night
to stay under the water with a predator.
bajo el agua con un depredador.
a speedy escape.
is because they literally move
se mueven a paso de caracol.
the rest of their ecosystem
al resto de su ecosistema
and the barnacles and the crabs.
como aves, percebes y cangrejos.
small and slimy example
pequeño y desalentador
can unleash a cascade effect
puede desencadenar un efecto de cascada
that has been studied to date
estudiadas hasta la fecha
por la contaminación lumínica,
que la contaminación lumínica
your ability to sleep well at night.
de dormir bien de noche.
that light pollution is linked to obesity.
está vinculada a la obesidad.
contributed to over 70 percent
ha contribuido a más del 70 %
contribuyó tanto al exceso de peso
about the same amount to excess weight
of artificial light at night
de luz artificial en la noche
to get breast cancer.
de desarrollar cáncer de mama.
is correlated with types of cancer
se correlaciona con todo tipo de cáncer.
controlados de laboratorio
increased artificial light at night
de la luz artificial durante la noche
to the super important hormone
a esa hormona tan importante
over millions of years
durante millones de años
or a circadian rhythm.
o ritmo circadiano.
cuando la luz impacta en la retina
la producción de melatonina,
production is disrupted,
de melatonina se interrumpe,
chemical processes are affected,
químicos se ven afectados,
this chemical balance out of whack,
químico está fuera de control,
for Cancer Research
para la Investigación del Cáncer
the human circadian rhythm
del ritmo circadiano humano
se ha relacionado
depression, diabetes,
ansiedad, depresión, diabetes,
and the list goes on.
y la lista continúa.
about your health.
in a brightly lit room.
en una habitación bien iluminada.
about death is kind of amazing.
de la muerte es algo increíble.
on that wasted light,
en la luz desperdiciada.
that's going out into the universe,
que va hacia el universo,
cuesta USD 3000 millones al año.
1000 aerogeneradores industriales
system for over two years,
de Washington DC más de dos años,
because I really want one
pero no puedo pagarlo...
Model X de USD 30 000.
the electric car tax credit.
por ser un auto eléctrico.
with our place in the cosmos
con nuestro lugar en el cosmos
scary statistics I can share with you.
desalentadora que puedo compartir con Uds.
se duplica aproximadamente cada 35 años.
is doubling roughly every 35 years.
of the United States
la mitad oriental de EE. UU.
than twilight.
más luminosa que el crepúsculo.
with light pollution.
con la contaminación lumínica.
captamos con nuestros propios ojos.
than we can see with our own eyes.
to just detect this tiny range
para detectar solo esta pequeña gama
es por la tecnología moderna,
or car-to-car radar,
o radares de auto a auto,
that can talk to each other.
aparatos que puedan hablarse entre sí.
is putting out strong signals
emiten señales fuertes
we're trying to detect
tratando de detectar
outside Earth,
is most of the universe.
es la mayor parte del universo.
visible and invisible wavelengths.
visibles e invisibles.
to deploy tens of thousands of satellites
poner decenas de miles de satélites
the visible stars in the sky,
visibles en el cielo,
invisible light back to Earth.
luz invisible hacia la Tierra.
to study the universe,
para estudiar el universo,
a birthday candle behind it.
de cumpleaños detrás de él.
with any of this modern technology.
con estas tecnologías modernas,
or satellites or car radar.
o los radares de auto.
sobre los aparatos de cocina.
y no compré otro que hable con mi móvil.
that talks to my cell phone yet.
like everybody else.
como todos los demás.
and you'll hear more about,
y seguiremos oyendo,
and they seem intractable.
is not one of these problems.
no es uno de estos problemas.
ridículamente simple.
super simple things you can do.
muy sencillas que pueden hacer.
brighter than you need to.
que la necesaria.
don't buy the blue ones.
no compren las azules.
"natural light" or "daylight,"
"luz natural" o "luz de día",
averigüen si hay un código de iluminación
more night-sky friendly.
con el cielo nocturno.
at the federal level,
a las autoridades federales,
our view of the invisible universe
para contaminarlo a voluntad,
a truly dark night sky,
nocturno verdaderamente oscuro,
and experience one for yourself.
por sí mismos.
what humanity is losing.
está perdiendo.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kelsey Johnson - Astrophysicist, writer, educatorKelsey Johnson has spent her life in awe of the universe, and she works to inspire that awe in future generations.
Why you should listen
Kelsey Johnson teaches students both inside and outside of the classroom, using astronomy as a "gateway" science to nurture curiosity and support science literacy. Raised by a single mom, Johnson spent countless nights outside under the stars, where she developed a love for "big picture" questions about the nature of reality and the universe. Influenced by her own experience, she founded the Dark Skies, Bright Kids program in 2009 to enhance science education in under-served areas.
Johnson's curiosity about the cosmos -- and everything in it -- has been the primary driver of her career, leading her to devote her life to learning, exploration and teaching. Her research has tackled questions ranging from "How were the most ancient objects in the universe formed?" to "What can the smallest galaxies tell us about the evolution of the universe?" She has also broken new ground teaching, developing nontraditional courses such as "Unsolved Mysteries in the Universe" and "Math and Beauty in the Cosmos." Johnson is a professor at the University of Virginia and the president of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
In 2016, Johnson was appointed by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy to the Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee, and in 2017 she was elected to the board of the American Astronomical Society. Her research has received awards including the NSF CAREER Award, a Packard Fellowship and an NSF Distinguished lectureship, as well as being a Kavli Frontiers of Science Fellow. Johnson has also won several teaching awards, and she was recently named as one of four “ACC Distinguished Professors” in the Atlantic Coast Conference of universities. She received an inaugural "Public Service" award from UVA for her work promoting science literacy
Johnson's writing has appeared in Scientific American, Washington Post, the New York Times, Ms. Magazine and The Chronical of Higher Education. She earned her BA in physics from Carleton College, and her MS and PhD in astrophysics from the University of Colorado. She lives in rural Virginia with her family, including three cats and two very large dogs.
Kelsey Johnson | Speaker | TED.com