Kelsey Johnson: The problem of light pollution -- and 5 ridiculously easy ways to fix it
Kelsey Johnson: O problema com a poluição luminosa - e cinco maneiras ridiculamente fáceis de solucionar isso
Kelsey Johnson has spent her life in awe of the universe, and she works to inspire that awe in future generations. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
on the International Space Station,
passado um bom tempo
you are super familiar with.
com a qual estejam familiarizados.
of the United States.
no canto inferior direito,
in the lower right,
all the way up through Washington DC.
por teias de luz.
illuminating our sidewalks,
os nossos passeios,
going up into the sky
está a subir para o céu,
nenhum benefício.
como estas,
probably to anyone
para ninguém
on a summer evening
numa noite de verão,
behind my house,
atrás da minha casa
looking at the night sky.
a olhar para o céu noturno.
not only the darkness,
não apenas a escuridão,
really didn't smell very good.
não cheirava muito bem.
on that star so intensely,
nessa estrela, tão intensamente
would fade from my view
da minha visão
would be all that I could see.
seria tudo o que eu veria.
of connection to the universe.
de ligação com o universo.
unfathomably insignificant
de uma insondável insignificância
night after night was called Vega.
noite após noite chama-se Vega.
in the constellation Lyra,
na constelação Lyra,
the name of one of my dogs.
que é o nome de um dos meus cães.
from Manhattan.
and suburban environments,
em áreas urbanas e suburbanas,
by the majesty of the universe,
pela majestade do universo,
completely blank night skies,
completamente vazios,
we produce at night.
que nós produzimos à noite.
we see all the way from space
que nós vemos do espaço
and create this featureless smog of light.
esse nevoeiro de luz sem característica.
smog of light has a name.
característica tem um nome.
how bad light pollution is
é a poluição luminosa
I can see in the sky.
que eu vejo no céu.
the secrets of the cosmos,
os segredos do cosmos,
to be able to see the cosmos.
of light-years away,
de anos-luz de distância,
para fazer o meu trabalho,
it is a really big problem.
que é um grande problema.
whimsical ability to gaze at the stars.
de olhar para as estrelas.
species are affected.
e animais são afetadas.
super importantes
really a whole lot of thought.
more than about 10 meters.
se move mais de 10 metros.
they are attacking their prey
atacam uma presa,
of about a millimeter an hour.
de um milímetro por hora.
in the intertidal area of coasts,
em costas entremarés,
of the ecosystem.
invertebrados mais dominantes
dominant invertebrate predators,
think they're pretty tasty.
e pássaros, que os acham bem gostosos.
in a kind of precarious situation,
numa situação precária,
telling you about dog whelks?
está a falar de moluscos?
is impacted by light pollution.
sofre o impacto da poluição luminosa.
to artificial light at night
à luz artificial à noite
to stay under the water with a predator.
debaixo de água com os predadores.
a speedy escape.
is because they literally move
eles se movem, literalmente,
até se restabelecerem.
the rest of their ecosystem
o resto do seu ecossistema
and the barnacles and the crabs.
as cracas e os caranguejos.
small and slimy example
pequeno e viscoso
can unleash a cascade effect
desencadear um efeito dominó
that has been studied to date
que foram estudadas até hoje
your ability to sleep well at night.
a vossa capacidade de dormir bem à noite.
that light pollution is linked to obesity.
está ligada à obesidade.
contributed to over 70 percent
contribuiu em mais de 70%
a poluição luminosa contribuiu
about the same amount to excess weight
de excesso de peso
of artificial light at night
de luz artificial à noite
to get breast cancer.
a terem cancro da mama.
correlacionada com alguns tipos de cancro
is correlated with types of cancer
laboratório controladas
increased artificial light at night
o aumento da luz artificial à noite
como é que a luz normal
to the super important hormone
a uma hormona super importante
over millions of years
ao longo de milhões de anos
or a circadian rhythm.
— um ritmo circadiano.
quando a luz afeta a retina,
a produção de melatonina,
production is disrupted,
de melatonina é interrompida,
chemical processes are affected,
de outros processos químicos
this chemical balance out of whack,
desse equilíbrio químico,
for Cancer Research
para Investigação do Cancro
the human circadian rhythm
do ritmo circadiano humano
quero que saibam
depression, diabetes,
depressão, diabetes,
and the list goes on.
e a lista continua.
about your health.
com a vossa saúde.
seja como for,
in a brightly lit room.
numa sala bem iluminada.
about death is kind of amazing.
sobre a morte é incrível.
on that wasted light,
nesta luz desperdiçada,
that's going out into the universe,
que está a fugir para o espaço
de dólares por ano.
system for over two years,
de Washington por dois anos.
because I really want one
porque quero um,
Tesla Model X...
the electric car tax credit.
sobre carros elétricos.
with our place in the cosmos
com o nosso lugar no cosmos.
a nossa humanidade
scary statistics I can share with you.
assustadora que possa partilhar com vocês.
is doubling roughly every 35 years.
duplica aproximadamente, a cada 35 anos.
of the United States
a metade oriental dos EUA
than twilight.
do que o crepúsculo.
with light pollution.
com a poluição luminosa
than we can see with our own eyes.
podemos ver com os nossos olhos.
para detetar um pequeno intervalo
to just detect this tiny range
or car-to-car radar,
de carro para carro,
that can talk to each other.
que podem conversar uns com os outros.
is putting out strong signals
está a emitir sinais fortes
we're trying to detect
que estamos a tentar detetar
outside Earth,
is most of the universe.
é a maior parte do universo.
para os comprimentos de onda visíveis
visible and invisible wavelengths.
to deploy tens of thousands of satellites
com planos para colocar
irão superar em número,
the visible stars in the sky,
das estrelas visíveis no céu,
invisible light back to Earth.
luz invisível para a Terra.
to study the universe,
para estudar o universo,
a birthday candle behind it.
de aniversário por detrás dele.
with any of this modern technology.
destas tecnologias modernas,
or satellites or car radar.
ou radares de carros.
quanto a utensílios de cozinha.
that talks to my cell phone yet.
que fale com o meu telemóvel.
like everybody else.
and you'll hear more about,
e ouviremos mais vezes,
and they seem intractable.
impossíveis de resolver.
is not one of these problems.
não é um desses problemas.
super simple things you can do.
que podem fazer.
brighter than you need to.
do que precisam.
quando não precisarem delas.
que estão a usar estão protegidas,
na direção do céu.
don't buy the blue ones.
não comprem as azuis.
"branco quente".
"natural light" or "daylight,"
"luz natural" ou "luz do dia"
existe um código de iluminação
more night-sky friendly.
mais amigável do céu noturno.
at the federal level,
até podem agir a nível federal,
aos funcionários federais,
our view of the invisible universe
a nossa vista do universo invisível
a truly dark night sky,
verdadeiramente escuro,
and experience one for yourself.
e experimentem isso por vocês mesmos.
what humanity is losing.
a humanidade está a perder.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kelsey Johnson - Astrophysicist, writer, educatorKelsey Johnson has spent her life in awe of the universe, and she works to inspire that awe in future generations.
Why you should listen
Kelsey Johnson teaches students both inside and outside of the classroom, using astronomy as a "gateway" science to nurture curiosity and support science literacy. Raised by a single mom, Johnson spent countless nights outside under the stars, where she developed a love for "big picture" questions about the nature of reality and the universe. Influenced by her own experience, she founded the Dark Skies, Bright Kids program in 2009 to enhance science education in under-served areas.
Johnson's curiosity about the cosmos -- and everything in it -- has been the primary driver of her career, leading her to devote her life to learning, exploration and teaching. Her research has tackled questions ranging from "How were the most ancient objects in the universe formed?" to "What can the smallest galaxies tell us about the evolution of the universe?" She has also broken new ground teaching, developing nontraditional courses such as "Unsolved Mysteries in the Universe" and "Math and Beauty in the Cosmos." Johnson is a professor at the University of Virginia and the president of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
In 2016, Johnson was appointed by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy to the Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee, and in 2017 she was elected to the board of the American Astronomical Society. Her research has received awards including the NSF CAREER Award, a Packard Fellowship and an NSF Distinguished lectureship, as well as being a Kavli Frontiers of Science Fellow. Johnson has also won several teaching awards, and she was recently named as one of four “ACC Distinguished Professors” in the Atlantic Coast Conference of universities. She received an inaugural "Public Service" award from UVA for her work promoting science literacy
Johnson's writing has appeared in Scientific American, Washington Post, the New York Times, Ms. Magazine and The Chronical of Higher Education. She earned her BA in physics from Carleton College, and her MS and PhD in astrophysics from the University of Colorado. She lives in rural Virginia with her family, including three cats and two very large dogs.
Kelsey Johnson | Speaker | TED.com