TEDxOilSpill
Carl Safina: The oil spill's unseen villains -- and victims
Carl Safina: Naftareostuste nähtamatud süüdlased ja ohvrid
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Mehhiko lahe naftareostusest on keeruline aru saada, kuid me teame, et asi on hull. Carl Safina toob selles pinevas ristküsitluses välja faktid, tõestamaks, et reostusel on hoopis tõsisemad tagajärjed kui vaid mõju Mehhiko lahele ning et mitmed lahendused naftareostusega võitlemiseks teevad tegelikult olukorra hullemaks.
Carl Safina - Ecologist, writer
Carl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature. Full bio
Carl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
This is the ocean as I used to know it.
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See on ookean sellisena, nagu ma seda kunagi tundsin.
00:19
And I find that
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Aga ma tunnen, et alates sellest,
00:21
since I've been in the Gulf a couple of times,
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kui ma käisin paar korda Mehhiko lahel,
00:23
I really kind of am traumatized
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olen ma traumeeritud,
00:25
because whenever I look at the ocean now,
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sest millal iganes ma nüüd ookeani vaatan,
00:28
no matter where I am,
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ükskõik, kus ma olen ja
00:30
even where I know
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isegi kui tean,
00:32
none of the oil has gone,
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et sellesse kohta nafta ei jõudnud,
00:34
I sort of see slicks,
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kipun ma siiski õlilaike nägema.
00:36
and I'm finding that I'm very much
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Ma tunnen, et see
00:38
haunted by it.
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häirib mind väga.
00:41
But what I want to talk to you about today
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Kuid täna tahaksin rääkida teile
00:43
is a lot of things that try
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mitmetest asjadest, mis
00:45
to put all of this in context,
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aitavad seda konteksti asetada,
00:47
not just about the oil eruption,
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mitte ainult naftalekkest,
00:50
but what it means and why it has happened.
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vaid ka sellest, mida see tähendab ja miks see juhtus.
00:53
First, just a little bit about me.
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Esmalt pisut minust endast.
00:55
I'm basically just a guy that likes to go fishing
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Ma olen mees, kellele meeldib kalal käia ja
00:57
ever since I was a little kid,
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seda juba alates lapsepõlvest.
00:59
and because I did,
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Seetõttu
01:01
I wound up studying sea birds
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sattusin ma uurima merelinde,
01:03
to try to stay in the coastal habitats that I so loved.
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et jääda oma armastatud rannikupiirkonda.
01:06
And now I mainly write books
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Nüüd kirjutan ma peamiselt raamatuid
01:08
about how the ocean is changing,
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sellest, kuidas ookean muutub.
01:10
and the ocean is certainly changing very rapidly.
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Ja ookean on muutunud väga kiiresti.
01:13
Now we saw this kind of graphic earlier on,
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Me nägime sarnast joonist ka varem.
01:16
that we really live on a hard marble
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Et me elame tõesti marmorikuulil,
01:19
that has just a slight
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millel leidub
01:21
bit of wetness to it.
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vaid pisut niiskust.
01:23
It's like you dipped a marble in water.
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Justkui korraks vette pistetud marmorikuul.
01:25
And the same thing with the atmosphere:
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Sama kehtib ka atmosfääri kohta.
01:27
If you took all the atmosphere
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Kui võtta kogu atmosfäär
01:29
and rolled it up in a ball,
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ning veeretada sellest pall,
01:31
you would get that little sphere of gas on the right.
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saaksime vaid selle piisakese gaase, mis paremal joonisel paista on.
01:33
So we live on
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Seega me elame
01:35
the most fragile, little soap bubble you can imagine,
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kõige hapramal väiksel seebimullil, mida ette võib kujutada,
01:38
a very sacred soap bubble,
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väga pühal seebimullil,
01:40
but one that is very, very easy to affect.
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kuid sellisel, mida on lihtne mõjutada.
01:43
And all the burning of oil and coal and gas,
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Ning kogu see nafta, söe ja gaasi põletamine!
01:46
all the fossil fuels,
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Kõik fossiilsed kütused
01:48
have changed the atmosphere greatly.
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on atmosfääri oluliselt muutnud.
01:50
Carbon dioxide level has gone up and up and up.
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Süsihappegaasi tase muudkui tõuseb.
01:53
We're warming the climate.
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Me soojendame kliimat.
01:56
So the blowout in the Gulf
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Seega naftareostus Mehhiko lahel
01:58
is just a little piece
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on vaid väike osa
02:00
of a much larger problem that we have
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hoopis suuremast probleemist, mis on tekkinud
02:03
with the energy that we use to run civilization.
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seoses meie tsivilisatsiooni käigushoidmiseks kasutatava energiaga.
02:06
Beyond warming,
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Lisaks kliima soojendamisele on
02:08
we have the problem of the oceans getting more acidified --
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meil ka ookeanide happelisuse suurenemise probleem.
02:11
and already measurably so,
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See on juba mõõdetav
02:13
and already affecting animals.
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ja mõjutab ookeanide elustikku.
02:16
Now in the laboratory,
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Kui me läheksime laboratooriumisse,
02:18
if you take a clam and you put it in the pH
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võtaksime merekarbi ja paneksime selle
02:20
that is -- not 8.1,
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vette, mille pH ei ole mitte 8,1
02:22
which is the normal pH of seawater --
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nagu mereveele tavaline,
02:24
but 7.5,
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vaid 7,5
02:26
it dissolves in about three days.
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lahustuks merrekarp umbes kolme päeva jooksul.
02:29
If you take a sea urchin larva
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Kui võtta merisiiliku vastne
02:31
from 8.1,
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veest, mille pH on 8,1
02:33
put it in a pH of 7.7 --
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ja panna see vette, mille pH on 7,7,
02:35
not a huge change --
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mis pole just üüratu muutus,
02:37
it becomes deformed and dies.
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sandistub see peagi ning sureb.
02:40
And already, commercial oyster larvae
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Austrikasvandustes surevad vastsed
02:43
are dying at large scales
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juba praegu massiliselt
02:45
in some places.
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mitmes piirkonnas.
02:47
Coral reefs are growing slower
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Korallrahud kasvavad
02:49
in some places because of this problem.
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sama probleemi pärast aeglasemalt.
02:51
So this really matters.
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Niisiis on see tõesti oluline.
02:53
Now, let's take a little tour
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Võtame nüüd ette ühe reisi
02:55
around the Gulf a little bit.
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ümber Mehhiko lahe.
02:57
One of the things that really impresses me about the people in the Gulf:
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Selle piirkonna inimeste puhul on märkimisväärne,
03:00
They are really, really aquatic people.
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et nad on tõesti veest väga sõltuvad.
03:03
And they can handle water.
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Ja nad tulevad veega toime.
03:05
They can handle a hurricane that comes and goes.
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Nad saavad hakkama ka tormidega, mis tulevad ja lähevad.
03:07
When the water goes down, they know what to do.
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Kui veetase langeb, teavad nad, mida teha.
03:10
But when it's something other than water,
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Kuid kui tegu on millegi muuga
03:12
and their water habitat changes,
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ja nende vee-keskkond muutub,
03:14
they don't have many options.
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ei ole neil palju võimalusi.
03:16
In fact, those entire communities
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Tervetel kogukondadel
03:18
really don't have many options.
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ei ole midagi peale hakata.
03:20
They don't have another thing they can do.
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Neil puuduvad muud võimalused, mida teha.
03:23
They can't go and work
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Nad ei saa minna tööle
03:25
in the local hotel business
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kohalikku hotelli,
03:27
because there isn't one in their community.
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sest nende kogukonnas pole ühtegi.
03:31
If you go to the Gulf and you look around,
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Kui te lähete Mehhiko lahele ja vaatate ringi,
03:33
you do see a lot of oil.
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näete te ohtralt naftat.
03:35
You see a lot of oil on the ocean.
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Te näete ohtralt naftat ookeani pinnal.
03:37
You see a lot of oil on the shoreline.
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Te näete ohtralt naftat rannikujoonel.
03:40
If you go to the site of the blowout,
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Ning kui te lähete reostuse lekkepaika,
03:42
it looks pretty unbelievable.
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avaneb seal uskumatu vaatepilt.
03:44
It looks like you just emptied the oil pan in your car,
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See näeb välja, nagu te oleksite
03:47
and you just dumped it in the ocean.
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tühjendanud oma auto kütusepaagi otse ookeani.
03:49
And one of the really most incredible things, I think,
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Kõige hämmastavam asi
03:52
is that there's nobody out there
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on minu meelest see, et mitte keegi
03:54
trying to collect it
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ei ürita seda kokku koguda
03:56
at the site where it is densest.
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kohtades, kus naftat on kõige rohkem.
03:59
Parts of the ocean there
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Need ookeani piirkonnad
04:01
look just absolutely apocalyptic.
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näevad välja täiesti apokalüptilised.
04:05
You go in along the shore,
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Minnes piki rannikut
04:07
you can find it everywhere.
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leiab seda kõikjal.
04:09
It's really messy.
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See näeb väga kole välja.
04:11
If you go to the places where it's just arriving,
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Minnes kohtadesse, kuhu nafta alles jõuab,
04:13
like the eastern part of the Gulf, in Alabama,
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nagu lahe idaosa Alabamas,
04:16
there's still people using the beach
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võime näha, kuidas inimesed käivad ikka veel rannas,
04:18
while there are people cleaning up the beach.
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samal ajal, kui teised üritavad seda naftast puhastada.
04:20
And they have a very strange way of cleaning up the beach.
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Neil on ranna koristamiseks kummaline meetod.
04:23
They're not allowed to put more than 10 pounds of sand
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Neil pole lubatud panna rohkem kui 4,5 kilo liiva
04:25
in a 50-gallon plastic bag.
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190-liitrisesse kilekotti.
04:27
They have thousands and thousands of plastic bags.
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Neid kilekotte on tuhandeid.
04:29
I don't know what they're going to do with all that stuff.
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Ma ei kujuta ette, mida nad selle kõigega peale hakkavad.
04:31
Meanwhile, there are still people trying to use the beach.
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Samal ajal käivad inimesed jätkuvalt rannas.
04:33
They don't see the little, tiny sign
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Nad ei märka seda pisikest sildikest
04:35
that says: "Stay out of the water."
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kirjaga "Vetteminek keelatud".
04:37
Their kids are in the water; they're getting tar
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Lapsed on vees, tõrv kleepub
04:39
all over their clothes and their sandals. It's a mess.
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nende riietele ja sandaalidele. Jube.
04:42
If you go to the place where the oil has been a while,
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Piirkondades, kuhu nafta jõudis juba varem,
04:44
it's an even bigger mess.
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on olukord veelgi hullem.
04:46
And there's basically nobody there anymore,
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Seal on rannad sisuliselt inimtühjad,
04:49
a few people trying
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vaid üksikud inimesed üritavad
04:51
to keep using it.
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ikka veel rannas käia.
04:53
You see people who are really shell-shocked.
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Te näete inimesi, kes on üdini šokeeritud.
04:55
They are very hardworking people.
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Need on väga töökad inimesed.
04:57
All they know about life is they get up in the morning,
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Nende arusaamine elust on selline, et nad tõusevad hommikul üles,
04:59
and if their engine starts, they go to work.
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ja kui mootor käivitub, siis lähevad tööle.
05:02
They always felt that they could rely on
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Nad on alati tundnud, et võivad usaldada
05:05
the assurances that nature brought them
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seda kindlustunnet, mida loodus neile
05:07
through the ecosystem of the Gulf.
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lahe ökosüsteemide kaudu on pakkunud.
05:09
They're finding that their world is really collapsing.
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Nad tunnevad, et nende maailm variseb kokku.
05:12
And so you can see, literally,
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Me võime näha selgelt
05:15
signs of their shock,
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märke nende ehmatusest,
05:20
signs of their outrage,
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nende solvumisest,
05:25
signs of their anger,
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nende vihast
05:32
and signs of their grief.
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ja nende leinast.
05:35
These are the things that you can see.
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Need on asjad, mida on võimalik näha.
05:40
There's a lot you can't see, also,
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Aga on palju ka seda, mida pole võimalik näha,
05:42
underwater.
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sealhulgas vee all.
05:44
What's going on underwater?
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Mis toimub vee all?
05:46
Well, some people say
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Mõned inimesed väidavad,
05:48
there are oil plumes.
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et seal hõljuvad naftapilved.
05:50
Some people say there are not oil plumes.
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Mõned väidavad, et naftapilvi pole olemas.
05:53
And Congressman Markey asks, you know,
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Kongresmen Markey küsib:
05:56
"Is it going to take a submarine ride
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"Kas me peaksime allveelaevaga sinna sõitma,
05:59
to see if there are really oil plumes?"
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et näha, kas naftapilved on tõesti olemas?"
06:02
But I couldn't take a submarine ride --
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Aga ma ei saanud minna allveelaevaga sõitma,
06:04
especially between the time I knew I was coming here and today --
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eriti alates ajast, mil ma teadsin, et olen siia tulemas -
06:07
so I had to do
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seega pidin ma ise tegema
06:09
a little experiment myself
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ühe väikese eksperimendi,
06:11
to see if there was oil in the Gulf of Mexico.
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et näha kas Mehhiko lahes on naftat.
06:13
So this is the Gulf of Mexico,
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See siin on Mehhiko laht,
06:16
sparkling place full of fish.
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sädelev paik, mis on täis kala.
06:19
I created a little oil spill
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Ma tekitasin väikese naftareostuse
06:21
in the Gulf of Mexico.
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sellesse Mehhiko lahte.
06:23
And I learned -- in fact, I confirmed -- the hypothesis
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Ja ma sain teada - või tegelikult tõestasin hüpoteesi,
06:25
that oil and water don't mix
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et nafta ja vesi ei segune,
06:28
until you add a dispersant,
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kuni ei kasutata dispersanti.
06:33
and then
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Ja siis
06:36
they start mixing.
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hakkavad nad segunema.
06:38
And you add a little energy
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Lisame pisut energiat
06:40
from the wind and the waves,
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tuulest ja lainetusest.
06:42
and you get a big mess,
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Ja saame suure segaduse,
06:45
a big mess
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suure segaduse,
06:47
that you can't possibly clean,
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mida pole võimalik ära koristada,
06:49
you can't touch, you can't extract
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mida pole võimalik katsuda ega eraldada.
06:52
and, I think most importantly -- this is what I think --
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Ja, mis minu arvates kõige olulisem,
06:55
you can't see it.
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mida pole võimalik näha.
06:57
I think it's being hidden on purpose.
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Ma arvan, et seda peidetakse tahtlikult.
07:00
Now this is such a catastrophe and such a mess,
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Antud juhul on tegemist sellise katastroofi ja korralagedusega,
07:03
that lots of stuff is leaking out on the edges of the information stream.
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et infokanalite kaudu lekib nii mõndagi välja.
07:06
But as many people have said,
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Kuid, nagu paljud inimesed on juba öelnud,
07:08
there's a large attempt to suppress what's going on.
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toimuva mahavaikimiseks tehakse suuri pingutusi.
07:11
Personally, I think that
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Minu isiklik arvamus on see, et
07:13
the dispersants are
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dispersandid on
07:15
a major strategy to hide the body,
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kaval strateegia, kuidas laip ära peita,
07:18
because we put the murderer
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sest me paneme mõrvari enda
07:20
in charge of the crime scene.
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kuriteo lahendamise eest vastutama.
07:22
But you can see it.
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Aga meil on võimalik seda näha.
07:24
You can see where the oil
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On võimalik näha, kuhu nafta
07:26
is concentrated at the surface,
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veepinnal koondub ja
07:28
and then it is attacked,
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seal seda siis rünnataksegi -
07:31
because they don't want the evidence, in my opinion.
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minu arvates selleks, et varjata tõendusmaterjale.
07:34
Okay.
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Olgu.
07:36
We heard that bacteria eat oil?
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Me oleme kuulnud, et bakterid söövad naftat.
07:38
So do sea turtles.
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Sama teevad merikilpkonnad.
07:40
When it breaks up,
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Dispersandi abil lõhutud naftal
07:42
it has a long way to go
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võtab tükk aega,
07:44
before it gets down to bacteria.
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enne kui see bakteriteni jõuab.
07:46
Turtles eat it. It gets in the gills of fish.
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Kilpkonnad söövad seda. See satub kalade lõpustesse.
07:49
These guys have to swim around through it.
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Need tegelased siin peavad sellest läbi ujuma.
07:51
I heard the most incredible story today
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Täna kuulsin ma täiesti uskumatut lugu,
07:54
when I was on the train coming here.
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kui ma rongiga siia sõitsin.
07:57
A writer named Ted Williams called me,
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Kirjanik nimega Ted Williams helistas mulle.
07:59
and he was asking me a couple of questions
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Ta küsis mult mõned küsimused
08:01
about what I saw,
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selle kohta, mida olin näinud,
08:03
because he's writing an article for Audubon magazine.
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sest ta kirjutab artiklit Auduboni ajakirjale.
08:05
He said that he had been in the Gulf a little while ago --
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Ta ütles, et käis hiljuti Mehhiko lahel,
08:08
like about a week ago --
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nii umbes nädal tagasi,
08:10
and a guy who had been a recreational fishing guide
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ja keegi mees, kes töötas varem kalastusgiidina,
08:13
took him out to show him what's going on.
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võttis ta kaasa, et näidata, mis lahel toimub.
08:16
That guide's entire calendar year
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Sellel giidil pole tänaseks terves aastas
08:19
is canceled bookings.
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enam ühtegi broneeringut.
08:21
He has no bookings left.
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Mitte ühtegi broneeringut.
08:23
Everybody wanted their deposit back. Everybody is fleeing.
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Kõik tahtsid oma tagatisraha tagasi. Kõik pagevad.
08:26
That's the story of thousands of people.
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Samamoodi on läinud tuhandetel inimestel.
08:28
But he told Ted
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See mees ütles Tedile,
08:31
that on the last day he went out,
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et viimasel päeval, kui ta merel käis,
08:33
a bottlenose dolphin
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tuli üks laiksilm-delfiin
08:35
suddenly appeared next to the boat,
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ootamatult paadi lähedale.
08:38
and it was splattering oil
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Ja tema hingamisavast
08:40
out its blowhole.
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purskas naftat.
08:43
And he moved away
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Mees liikus delfiinist eemale,
08:45
because it was
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sest see oli
08:47
his last fishing trip,
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tema viimane kalastusretk ja
08:49
and he knew that the dolphins scare fish.
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ta teadis, et delfiinid peletavad kala eemale.
08:51
So he moved away from it,
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Niisiis liikus ta delfiinist eemale.
08:53
turned around a few minutes later,
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Mõni minut hiljem pööras ta ringi
08:55
it was right next to the side of the boat again.
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ja nägi, et delfiin oli paadi kõrval tagasi.
08:57
He said that in 30 years of fishing
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Ta ütles, et tema 30-aastase kogemuse juures
08:59
he had never seen a dolphin do that.
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polnud ükski delfiin kunagi midagi sellist teinud.
09:01
And he felt that --
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Talle tundus, et...
09:04
he felt that it was
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Talle tundus, et delfiin
09:06
coming to ask for help. Sorry.
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oli tulnud abi küsima. Vabandust.
09:12
Now, in the Exxon Valdez spill,
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Exxon Valdez'i reostuses
09:15
about 30 percent of the killer whales
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hukkus umbes 30% mõõkvaaladest
09:17
died in the first few months.
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esimese kuu aja jooksul.
09:20
Their numbers have never recovered.
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Nende arvukus pole siiani taastunud.
09:22
So the recovery rate of all this stuff
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Niisiis taastub see kõik
09:24
is going to be variable.
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erineva tempoga.
09:26
It's going to take longer for some things.
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Mõnede asjade puhul võtab see rohkem aega.
09:29
And some things, I think, will probably
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Ja mõned asjad võivad ilmselt
09:31
come back a little faster.
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taastuda pisut varem.
09:33
The other thing about the Gulf that is important
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Mehhiko lahe puhul on oluline ka see,
09:36
is that there are a lot of animals
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et seal elab palju loomi,
09:38
that concentrate in the Gulf
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kes kogunevad lahte
09:40
at certain parts of the year.
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kindlatel aastaaegadel.
09:43
So the Gulf is a really important piece of water --
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Niisiis on laht väga oluline veeala -
09:45
more important than a similar volume
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palju olulisem, kui sama suur veeala
09:48
of water in the open Atlantic Ocean.
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avatud Atlandi ookeanis.
09:51
These tuna swim the entire ocean.
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Need tuunikalad ujuvad terves ookeanis.
09:53
They get in the Gulf Stream. They go all the way to Europe.
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Nad sisenevad Golfi hoovusesse. Ja liiguvad edasi Euroopasse.
09:55
When it comes time to spawn, they come inside,
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Kudemisajaks tulevad nad lahte sisse.
09:57
and these two tuna that were tagged,
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Neid kahte tuunikala, kes on märgistatud,
09:59
you can see them on the spawning grounds
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on võimalik näha kudemisaladel
10:02
very much right in the area of the slick.
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üpriski naftalaigu lähedal.
10:04
They're probably having, at the very least,
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Nende kudemisaeg on sel aastal tõenäoliselt
10:07
a catastrophic spawning season this year.
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katastroofiline, kui tagasihoidlikult väljenduda.
10:10
I'm hoping that maybe the adults
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Ma loodan, et täiskasvanud kalad
10:12
are avoiding that dirty water.
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suudavad ehk reostunud vett vältida.
10:14
They don't usually like to go into water
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Tavaliselt ei lähe nad vette,
10:16
that is very cloudy anyway.
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mis on väga hägune.
10:18
But these are really high-performance
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Aga need on tõesti võimsad ja
10:20
athletic animals.
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tugevad kalad.
10:22
I don't know what this kind of stuff will do in their gills.
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Ma ei kujuta ette, mida see sodi teeb nende lõpustega.
10:25
I don't know if it'll affect the adults.
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Ma ei tea, kas see mõjutab täiskasvanud kalu.
10:27
If it's not, it's certainly affecting
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Kui mitte, siis kindlasti mõjutab see
10:29
their eggs and larvae, I would certainly think.
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nende marja ja tõenäoliselt ka vastseid.
10:31
But if you look at that graph that goes down and down and down,
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Vaadates seda graafikut, mis pidevalt langeb,
10:34
that's what we've done to this species
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näeme, mida me sellele liigile,
10:36
through overfishing over many decades.
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aastakümneid kestnud ülepüügiga teinud oleme.
10:39
So while the oil spill,
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Kuigi naftareostus,
10:41
the leak, the eruption,
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see leke, see purse,
10:43
is a catastrophe,
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on katastroof,
10:45
I think it's important to keep in mind
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siis samal ajal on oluline meeles pidada ka seda,
10:47
that we've done a lot to affect what's in the ocean
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et me oleme ookeani juba väga palju mõjutanud
10:49
for a very, very long time.
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väga-väga pika aja jooksul.
10:51
It's not like we're starting with something
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Asi polnud ju ka enne
10:53
that's been okay.
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sugugi mitte korras.
10:55
We're starting with something that's had a lot of stresses
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Seda olid juba varem mõjutanud paljud negatiivsed tegurid
10:57
and a lot of problems to begin with.
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ja sellega oli niigi palju probleeme.
10:59
If you look around at the birds,
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Vaadates siinset linnustikku,
11:01
there are a lot of birds in the Gulf
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leiame, et Mehhiko lahel on palju linnuliike,
11:03
that concentrate in the Gulf at certain times of the year,
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mis kogunevad siia kindlatel aastaaegadel ning
11:06
but then leave.
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seejärel lahkuvad.
11:08
And they populate much larger areas.
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Nad asustavad hoopis suuremaid alasid.
11:11
So for instance,
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Näiteks
11:13
most of the birds in this picture are migratory birds.
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enamik sel pildil olevaid linde on rändlinnud.
11:16
They were all on the Gulf in May,
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Nad olid lahe piirkonnas maikuus,
11:18
while oil was starting to come ashore in certain places.
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mil nafta hakkas mõnedes paikades randa jõudma.
11:22
Down on the lower left there
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Vasakul nurgas näeme
11:24
are Ruddy Turnstones and Sanderlings.
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kivirullijaid ja leeterüdisid.
11:26
They breed in the high arctic,
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Nad pesitsevad Arktikas ja
11:28
and they winter down in southern South America.
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talvituvad Lõuna-Ameeriakas.
11:30
But they concentrate in the Gulf
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Aga nad kogunevad lahe piirkonda,
11:32
and then fan out all across the arctic.
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kui nad rändavad Arktikast lõunasse.
11:35
I saw birds that breed in Greenland
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Ma nägin lahel linde,
11:37
in the Gulf,
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kes pesitsevad Gröönimaal.
11:40
so this is a hemispheric issue.
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Niisiis puudutab reostus tervet poolkera.
11:43
The economic effects
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Majanduslikke mõjusid
11:45
go at least nationally in many ways.
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on vähemasti riigisisesel tasandil mitmesuguseid.
11:48
The biological effects are certainly hemispheric.
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Aga bioloogillised mõjud ulatuvad kindlasti üle terve poolkera.
11:53
I think that this is one of the most
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Minu arvates on see üks
11:55
absolutely mind-boggling
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absoluutselt arusaamatuim
11:58
examples of total unpreparedness
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näide valmisoleku puudumisest,
12:00
that I can even think of.
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mida ma suudan ette kujutada.
12:02
Even when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor,
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Kui jaapanlased pommitasid Pealt Harborit,
12:05
at least they shot back.
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oli vähemasti võimalik vastu tulistada.
12:07
And we just seem to be
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Aga siin tundub, et me ei ole
12:09
unable to figure out what to do.
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võimelised välja mõtlema, mida tegema peaks.
12:11
There was nothing ready,
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Mitte midagi polnud ette valmistatud.
12:15
and, you know, as we can see
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Me saame sellest aru,
12:17
by what they're doing.
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nähes seda, mida tehakse.
12:19
Mainly what they're doing is booms and dispersants.
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Peamiselt kasutatakse poome ja dispersante.
12:21
The booms are absolutely not made for open water.
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Poomid pole üldse loodud avamere jaoks.
12:24
They don't even attempt to corral
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Nad ei üritagi piirata naftat seal,
12:27
the oil where it is most concentrated.
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kuhu seda on kõige rohkem kogunenud.
12:30
They get near shore. Look at these two boats.
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Nad tegutsevad rannikupiirkonnas. Vaadake neid kahte laeva.
12:32
That one on the right is called Fishing Fool.
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Parempoolse nimi on Kalastav Narr.
12:35
And I think, you know, that's a great name
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Ja ma arvan, et see on neile laevadele suurepärane nimi
12:37
for boats that think that they're going to do anything
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kui nad arvavad, et suudavad midagigi ära teha,
12:40
to make a dent in this by dragging a boom between them
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vedades poomi enda vahel,
12:43
when there are literally hundreds of thousands
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748000
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samal ajal, kui lahel on praegu
12:45
of square miles in the Gulf right now
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sadu tuhandeid ruutmiile merepinda,
12:47
with oil at the surface.
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mis on kaetud naftakihiga.
12:49
The dispersants make the oil go right under the booms.
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Dispersandi mõjul libiseb nafta poomide alt läbi.
12:52
The booms are only about
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Poomid on vaid
12:54
13 inches in diameter.
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33-sentimeetrise diameetriga.
12:57
So it's just absolutely crazy.
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See lihtsalt hullumeelne.
13:00
Here are shrimp boats employed.
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Siin kasutatakse krevetilaevu.
13:02
There are hundreds of shrimp boats employed to drag booms instead of nets.
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Praegu veavad sajad krevetilaevad võrkude asemel poome.
13:05
Here they are working.
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Siin nad töötavad.
13:07
You can see easily
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Me võime kergesti näha, et
13:09
that all the oily water just goes over the back of the boom.
320
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kogu naftane vesi läheb lihtsalt üle poomi tagasi.
13:12
All they're doing is stirring it.
321
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Nad üksnes segavad seda.
13:15
It's just ridiculous.
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See on naeruväärne.
13:17
Also, for all the shoreline that has booms --
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Poomidega piiratud rannikupiirkonna kõrval -
13:20
hundreds and hundreds of miles of shoreline --
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see tähendab sadu miile rannikut -
13:22
all of the shoreline that has booms,
325
787000
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- poomidega piiratud rannikuala kõrval
13:24
there's adjacent shoreline that doesn't have any booms.
326
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on teine, külgnev ala, kus poome ei ole.
13:27
There is ample opportunity
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Niisiis on seal suurepärane võimalus,
13:29
for oil and dirty water to get in behind them.
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et nafta ja reostunud vesi pääseksid poomide taha.
13:32
And that lower photo, that's a bird colony that has been boomed.
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Alumisel fotol näeme linnukolooniat, mis on poomidega piiratud.
13:35
Everybody's trying to protect
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Kõik püüavad hoolega kaitsta
13:38
the bird colonies there.
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sealseid linnukolooniaid.
13:40
Well, as an ornithologist,
332
805000
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Ornitoloogina
13:43
I can tell you that birds fly, and that --
333
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võin ma teile öelda, et linnud lendavad. Ja et...
13:46
(Laughter)
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(naer)
13:50
and that booming a bird colony
335
815000
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Ja linnukoloonia poomidega piiramine
13:53
doesn't do it; it doesn't do it.
336
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ei toimi. See lihtsalt ei toimi.
13:56
These birds make a living by diving into the water.
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Need linnud hangivad toitu, sukeldudes vette.
14:00
In fact,
338
825000
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Tegelikult,
14:03
really what I think they should do, if anything --
339
828000
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kui üldse midagi teha,
14:06
they're trying so hard to protect those nests --
340
831000
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siis selle asemel, et pesi nii hoolega kaitsta,
14:09
actually, if they destroyed every single nest
341
834000
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tuleks kõik need pesad hävitada.
14:12
some of the birds would leave,
342
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2000
Sel juhul vähemalt mõned linnud lahkuksid
14:14
and that would be better for them this year.
343
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ja see oleks neile sel aastal tunduvalt parem.
14:17
As far as cleaning them,
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Mis puutub lindude puhastamisse,
14:20
I don't mean to cast any aspersion
345
845000
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siis ma ei taha halvustada
14:23
on people cleaning birds.
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inimesi, kes seda teevad.
14:25
It's really, really important
347
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See on tõesti oluline,
14:27
that we express our compassion.
348
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et me näitame üles kaastunnet.
14:29
I think that's the most important thing that people have,
349
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Ma arvan, et üks olulisemaid asju, mis inimestel on,
14:31
is compassion.
350
856000
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see on kaastunne.
14:33
It's really important to get those images
351
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On väga oluline saada selliseid pilte
14:35
and to show it.
352
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ja neid näidata.
14:37
But really, where are those birds going to get released to?
353
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Aga kuhu need linnud tegelikult vabastatakse?
14:40
It's like taking somebody out of a burning building,
354
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2000
Sama hea on päästa keegi põlevast hoonest,
14:42
treating them for smoke inhalation
355
867000
2000
ravida ta terveks vingumürgitusest ja seejärel
14:44
and sending them back into the building, because the oil is still gushing.
356
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3000
saata ta põlevasse hoonesse tagasi. Sest naftat ju jätkuvalt lekib.
14:48
I refuse to acknowledge this
357
873000
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Ma keeldun tunnistamast,
14:50
as anything like an accident.
358
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et see oli õnnetus.
14:53
I think that this is the result of gross negligence.
359
878000
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Ma leian, et see oli tõsise hooletuse tagajärg.
14:56
(Applause)
360
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(Aplaus)
15:01
Not just B.P.
361
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Asi ei puuduta ainult British Petroleumi.
15:03
B.P. operated
362
888000
2000
British Petroleum tegutses
15:05
very sloppily and very recklessly
363
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3000
väga räpakalt ja hooletult
15:08
because they could.
364
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sest see oli võimalik.
15:10
And they were allowed to do so
365
895000
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Neil lubati nii käituda
15:12
because of the absolute failure of oversight
366
897000
3000
tulenevalt valitsuse järelevalve puudumisest.
15:15
of the government that's supposed to be
367
900000
3000
Valitsuse, mis peaks olema
15:18
our government, protecting us.
368
903000
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meie valitsus, mis meid kaitseb.
15:23
It turns out that --
369
908000
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Tuleb välja, et
15:25
you see this sign on almost every commercial vessel in the United States --
370
910000
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sellist silti näeb peaaegu igal USA kommertsalusel,
15:28
you know, if you spilled a couple of gallons of oil,
371
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ehk siis, kui te laseksite maha voolata mõnikümmend liitrit naftat,
15:30
you would be in big trouble.
372
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oleksite te suures jamas.
15:32
And you have to really wonder
373
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Mis paneb mõtlema, et
15:34
who are the laws made for,
374
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3000
kelle jaoks on seadused tehtud
15:37
and who has gotten above the laws.
375
922000
3000
ning kes on saanud seadustest ülemaks.
15:40
Now there are things that we can do in the future.
376
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On asju, mida me saame tulevikus teha.
15:42
We could have the kinds of equipment that we would really need.
377
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Meil võiks olla olemas varustus, mida meil tõesti tarvis on.
15:45
It would not take an awful lot
378
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Ei ole eriti keeruline
15:47
to anticipate
379
932000
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prognoosida,
15:49
that after making 30,000 holes
380
934000
2000
et kui Mehhiko lahe põhja
15:51
in the sea floor of the Gulf of Mexico looking for oil,
381
936000
3000
on tehtud nafta otsimiseks üle 30 000 augu,
15:54
oil might start coming out of one of them.
382
939000
2000
võib mõnest neist hakata naftat lekkima.
15:56
And you'd have some idea of what to do.
383
941000
3000
Ja meil peaks olema ettekujutus, mida siis tegema peab.
15:59
That's certainly one of the things we need to do.
384
944000
3000
See on kindlasti üks asi, mida tuleb teha.
16:02
But I think we have to understand where this leak
385
947000
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Aga ma arvan, et me peame ka aru saama,
16:04
really started from.
386
949000
3000
kust see leke õieti alguse sai.
16:07
It really started from the destruction
387
952000
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See algas sellest, et lagunes koost idee,
16:09
of the idea that the government is there
388
954000
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et valitsus on siin selleks,
16:12
because it's our government, meant to protect
389
957000
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et olla meie valitsus, mis peaks kaitsma
16:15
the larger public interest.
390
960000
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laiema üldsuse huve.
16:21
So I think that the oil blowout,
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Ma arvan, et see naftaleke,
16:23
the bank bailout,
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riigipoolsed pankade tagatiste garanteerimised,
16:25
the mortgage crisis and all these things
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laenukriis ja kõik need asjad
16:28
are absolutely symptoms of
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on kindlasti sama põhjuse
16:31
the same cause.
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sümptomid.
16:33
We still seem to understand
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Paistab, et me saame vähemasti jätkuvalt aru,
16:35
that at least we need the police to protect us
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et me vajame politseinikke, kes kaitseksid meid
16:38
from a few bad people.
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halbade inimeste eest.
16:41
And even though the police can be a little annoying at times --
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Ja kuigi teinekord on politsei pisut tüütu -
16:43
giving us tickets and stuff like that --
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tehes trahve ja muid selliseid asju,
16:45
nobody says that we should just get rid of them.
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ei ütle keegi, et peaksime neist lahti saama.
16:48
But in the entire rest of government right now
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Aga kogu ülejäänud valitsuses,
16:51
and for the last at least 30 years,
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nii praegu kui ka viimased 30 aastat,
16:53
there has been a culture of deregulation
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on tavaks saanud riikliku sekkumise vähenemine,
16:56
that is caused directly
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mis on põhjustatud otseselt
16:58
by the people who
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nende inimeste huvidest,
17:00
we need to be protected from,
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kelle eest me kaitset vajame.
17:02
buying the government out from under us.
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Nad ostavad meie käest valitsuse ära.
17:05
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
17:15
Now this has been a problem for a very, very long time.
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See on juba üsna pikaajaline probleem.
17:18
You can see that
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Me võime näha, et
17:21
corporations were illegal at the founding of America,
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suurtöösturid käitusid Ameerika asutamisel ebaseaduslikult.
17:23
and even Thomas Jefferson complained
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Isegi Thomas Jefferson kaebas,
17:26
that they were already
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et nad trotsisid juba siis
17:29
bidding defiance to the laws of our country.
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meie riigi seadusi.
17:33
Okay, people who say
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Inimesed, kes ütlevad, et
17:35
they're conservative,
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nad on oma vaadetelt konservatiivsed -
17:37
if they really wanted to be
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kui nad tõesti tahavad olla
17:39
really conservative and really patriotic,
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konservatiivsed ja patriootilised,
17:41
they would tell these corporations
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saadaksid nad need suurtöösturid
17:43
to go to hell.
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põrgusse.
17:45
That's what it would really mean to be conservative.
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See tähendaks tõesti konservatiivsust.
17:49
So what we really need to do
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Seega peaksime me tõesti ennekõike
17:51
is regain the idea
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jõudma tagasi ideeni, et
17:53
that it's our government
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meie valitsus
17:55
safeguarding our interests
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kindlustab meie huve
17:57
and regain a sense of unity
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ja jõudma tagasi ühtsustunde juurde
17:59
and common cause in our country
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ja oma riigi ühiste aluste juurde,
18:01
that really has been lost.
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mis praegu on kahjuks kadunud.
18:04
I think there are signs of hope.
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Ma arvan, et lootuse märke on näha.
18:06
We seem to be waking up a little bit.
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Me paistame juba veidi ärkavat.
18:08
The Glass-Steagall Act --
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Glass-Steagalli seadus,
18:10
which was really to protect us from the kind of thing
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mis oleks pidanud kaitsma meid selliste asjade eest,
18:12
that caused the recession to happen,
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mis põhjustasid majandussurutise ja
18:14
and the bank meltdown
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pangakriisi
18:16
and all that stuff that required the bailouts --
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ning kõige selle muu, mis nõudis lõpuks riiklikke pangatagatisi,
18:18
that was put in effect in 1933,
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mis jõustus 1933. aastal,
18:20
was systematically destroyed.
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hävitati süstemaatiliselt.
18:23
Now there's a mood to put some of that stuff
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Nüüd on tekkinud jälle soov
18:25
back in place,
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selles kõiges korda luua.
18:27
but the lobbyists are already there
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Aga lobitöö tegijad on juba kohal
18:29
trying to weaken the regulations
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ja üritavad eeskirju nõrgendada,
18:31
after the legislation has just passed.
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pärast seda, kui seadus on äsja jõustunud.
18:34
So it's a continued fight.
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See tähendab, et lahing jätkub.
18:36
It's a historic moment right now.
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Praegu on ajalooline hetk.
18:38
We're either going to have an absolutely
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Meile jääb kas täiesti
18:40
unmitigated catastrophe
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leevendamatute tagajärgedega katastroof
18:42
of this oil leak in the Gulf,
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Mehhiko lahe naftareostusest
18:44
or we will make the moment we need out of this,
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või me pöörame selle endale kasulikuks,
18:46
as many people have noted today.
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nagu ka mitmed teised kõnelejad on täna maininud.
18:48
There's certainly a common theme
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Meil on vaieldamatult ühine seisukoht,
18:50
about needing to make the moment out of this.
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et me peame selle hetke ära kasutama.
18:52
We've been through this before
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Me oleme sellises olukorras varem olnud
18:54
with other ways of offshore drilling.
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seoses teiste naftapuurimise viisidega avamerel.
18:56
The first offshore wells were called whales.
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Esimesi avamere kaevusid kutsuti vaaladeks.
18:59
The first offshore drills were called harpoons.
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Esimesi avamere puure kutsuti harpuunideks.
19:02
We emptied the ocean of the whales at that time.
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Toona tegime me ookeani vaaladest tühjaks.
19:05
Now are we stuck with this?
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Kas me nüüd jääme selle asjaga jänni?
19:07
Ever since we lived in caves,
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Alates sellest ajast, kui me elasime koobastes,
19:09
every time we wanted any energy,
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oleme me energia saamiseks
19:11
we lit something on fire, and that is still what we're doing.
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süüdanud midagi põlema - ja sama teeme ka praegu.
19:14
We're still lighting something on fire
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Me süütame jätkuvalt midagi põlema,
19:16
every time we want energy.
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kui me vajame energiat.
19:19
And people say
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Inimesed ütlevad, et
19:21
we can't have clean energy
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puhast energiat ei ole võimalik saada,
19:23
because it's too expensive.
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sest see on liiga kallis.
19:26
Who says it's too expensive?
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Kes ütleb, et see on liiga kallis?
19:28
People who sell us fossil fuels.
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Inimesed, kes müüvad meile fossilseid kütuseid.
19:30
We've been here before with energy,
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Ka seoses energiaga oleme selles situatsioonis varem olnud -
19:33
and people saying the economy
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inimesed ütlesid, et riigi majandus
19:35
cannot withstand a switch,
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ei ela reforme üle,
19:37
because the cheapest energy was slavery.
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sest odavaim energia oli orjapidamine.
19:40
Energy is always a moral issue.
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Energia on alati moraaliküsimus.
19:43
It's an issue that is moral right now.
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Küsimus on selles, mis on praegu moraalne.
19:45
It's a matter of right and wrong.
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Ja mis on õige ning mis vale.
19:47
Thank you very much.
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Suur aitäh!
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carl Safina - Ecologist, writerCarl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature.
Why you should listen
Carl Safina explores how the ocean is changing and what those changes mean for wildlife and for people.
Safina is author of seven books, including Song for the Blue Ocean, which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year, Eye of the Albatross, Voyage of the Turtle and The View From Lazy Point. Safina is founding president of The Safina Center at Stony Brook University, where he also co-chairs the University's Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science. A winner of the 2012 Orion Award and a MacArthur Prize, among others, his work has been featured in outlets such as The New York Times, National Geographic, CNN.com and The Huffington Post, and he hosts “Saving the Ocean” on PBS.
His latest book, Beyond Words: What Animals Think And Feel, explores the inner lives of animals.
Carl Safina | Speaker | TED.com