TEDxOilSpill
Carl Safina: The oil spill's unseen villains -- and victims
卡爾．沙芬納講漏油事件背後嘅罪犯同受害人
Filmed:
Readability: 3.2
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墨西哥灣漏油事件欠缺概論，但係我哋都知道一樣嘢：呢件係壞事。卡爾．沙芬納從令人熱血沸嘅盤問中發掘真相，指出事件後果會超出墨西哥灣範圍以外 -- 而且好多所謂嘅解決方法只會令問題雪上加霜。
Carl Safina - Ecologist, writer
Carl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature. Full bio
Carl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
This is the ocean as I used to know it.
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呢個就係我所認識嘅海洋
00:19
And I find that
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我發現
00:21
since I've been in the Gulf a couple of times,
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自從我去過墨西哥灣幾次之後
00:23
I really kind of am traumatized
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我好心痛
00:25
because whenever I look at the ocean now,
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因為而家每次我見到個海
00:28
no matter where I am,
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無論我係邊度
00:30
even where I know
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即使我知自己喺邊
00:32
none of the oil has gone,
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啲油都仲喺度
00:34
I sort of see slicks,
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我或多或少見到啲浮油
00:36
and I'm finding that I'm very much
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同埋我發現自己都幾
00:38
haunted by it.
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被呢件事折磨
00:41
But what I want to talk to you about today
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但我今日想同你哋講嘅係
00:43
is a lot of things that try
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有好多嘢
00:45
to put all of this in context,
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將所有嘢擺埋一齊
00:47
not just about the oil eruption,
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唔單止漏油
00:50
but what it means and why it has happened.
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仲有呢件事表示乜嘢同埋點解發生
00:53
First, just a little bit about me.
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首先，少少個人簡介
00:55
I'm basically just a guy that likes to go fishing
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基本上我只係一個熱愛釣魚嘅人
00:57
ever since I was a little kid,
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細細個已經係咁
00:59
and because I did,
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亦正因為咁
01:01
I wound up studying sea birds
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我唔再研究海鳥
01:03
to try to stay in the coastal habitats that I so loved.
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留喺我好中意嘅沿海棲息地
01:06
And now I mainly write books
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而家我主要寫書
01:08
about how the ocean is changing,
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講解海洋而家點樣變化
01:10
and the ocean is certainly changing very rapidly.
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而海洋都當然變得好快
01:13
Now we saw this kind of graphic earlier on,
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而家我哋見到呢張啱啱見過嘅圖片
01:16
that we really live on a hard marble
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顯示我哋的確只係住喺一塊大理石上面
01:19
that has just a slight
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表面只有
01:21
bit of wetness to it.
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少少水份
01:23
It's like you dipped a marble in water.
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就好似你將粒珠浸落水入面
01:25
And the same thing with the atmosphere:
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空氣都係同一道理
01:27
If you took all the atmosphere
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如果你將所有空氣抽出
01:29
and rolled it up in a ball,
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再卷做一個波
01:31
you would get that little sphere of gas on the right.
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就會得到右面嗰個小小嘅氣球體
01:33
So we live on
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所以我哋係依賴緊
01:35
the most fragile, little soap bubble you can imagine,
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你想像中最脆弱嘅梘泡仔
01:38
a very sacred soap bubble,
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非常稀有嘅梘泡仔
01:40
but one that is very, very easy to affect.
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但非常、非常容易引起變化
01:43
And all the burning of oil and coal and gas,
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所有燃燒嘅燃油、煤、燃氣
01:46
all the fossil fuels,
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所有化石燃料
01:48
have changed the atmosphere greatly.
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已經嚴重影響大氣層
01:50
Carbon dioxide level has gone up and up and up.
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二氧化碳水平越來越高
01:53
We're warming the climate.
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我哋喺度令氣候暖化
01:56
So the blowout in the Gulf
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所以墨西哥灣油井噴油
01:58
is just a little piece
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只係一件小問題
02:00
of a much larger problem that we have
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背後仲有更大嘅問題
02:03
with the energy that we use to run civilization.
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就係我地利用能用維持社會運作
02:06
Beyond warming,
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暖化問題以外
02:08
we have the problem of the oceans getting more acidified --
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我哋仲面對海洋持續酸化嘅問題
02:11
and already measurably so,
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問題已經明顯係咁
02:13
and already affecting animals.
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已經影響緊其他動物
02:16
Now in the laboratory,
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喺實驗室
02:18
if you take a clam and you put it in the pH
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你將隻蛤放落pH值
02:20
that is -- not 8.1,
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唔係8.1
02:22
which is the normal pH of seawater --
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呢個係一般海水pH值
02:24
but 7.5,
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而係7.5嘅液體裡面
02:26
it dissolves in about three days.
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隻蛤會喺三日內溶解
02:29
If you take a sea urchin larva
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如果將條海膽幼蟲
02:31
from 8.1,
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喺pH 8.1捉出嚟
02:33
put it in a pH of 7.7 --
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擺落pH 7.7
02:35
not a huge change --
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唔會變好多 --
02:37
it becomes deformed and dies.
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變形同埋死
02:40
And already, commercial oyster larvae
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有啲地方殖嘅人工蠔幼蟲
02:43
are dying at large scales
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已經大規模地
02:45
in some places.
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死亡
02:47
Coral reefs are growing slower
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有啲地方嘅珊瑚礁生得越來越慢
02:49
in some places because of this problem.
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正因為呢個問題
02:51
So this really matters.
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所以呢個問題真係好重要
02:53
Now, let's take a little tour
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而家我哋參觀一下
02:55
around the Gulf a little bit.
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墨西哥灣
02:57
One of the things that really impresses me about the people in the Gulf:
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嗰度啲人令我印象深刻嘅其中一個地方
03:00
They are really, really aquatic people.
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就係佢地真係屬於海洋
03:03
And they can handle water.
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同埋佢哋能夠駕馭海洋
03:05
They can handle a hurricane that comes and goes.
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佢地能夠駕馭來來往往嘅颱風
03:07
When the water goes down, they know what to do.
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潮退嗰陣，佢哋知道要做乜嘢
03:10
But when it's something other than water,
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但當海洋以外嘅問題出現
03:12
and their water habitat changes,
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或者佢哋嘅海洋變咗
03:14
they don't have many options.
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佢哋就冇乜選擇
03:16
In fact, those entire communities
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講真，呢啲社區
03:18
really don't have many options.
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真係冇乜選擇
03:20
They don't have another thing they can do.
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佢哋冇其他嘢可以做
03:23
They can't go and work
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佢哋唔能夠
03:25
in the local hotel business
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喺本土酒店業工作
03:27
because there isn't one in their community.
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因為佢哋嘅地區裡面根本冇呢種行業
03:31
If you go to the Gulf and you look around,
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你去墨西哥灣睇睇嘅話
03:33
you do see a lot of oil.
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你會見到好多石油
03:35
You see a lot of oil on the ocean.
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你會喺個海見到好多石油
03:37
You see a lot of oil on the shoreline.
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你會喺海岸線見到好多石油
03:40
If you go to the site of the blowout,
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去到漏油嗰度嘅話
03:42
it looks pretty unbelievable.
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成個畫面都幾令人難以置信
03:44
It looks like you just emptied the oil pan in your car,
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望落就好似你將你架車嘅油底殼裡面啲油
03:47
and you just dumped it in the ocean.
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倒晒落個海
03:49
And one of the really most incredible things, I think,
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我覺得，其中一樣最不可思議嘅事
03:52
is that there's nobody out there
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就係嗰度冇人
03:54
trying to collect it
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會嘗試喺最多石油嘅地方
03:56
at the site where it is densest.
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收返啲石油
03:59
Parts of the ocean there
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嗰度有啲海面
04:01
look just absolutely apocalyptic.
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望落同世界末日一模一樣
04:05
You go in along the shore,
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沿住岸邊行嘅話
04:07
you can find it everywhere.
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就會發現所有地方都係咁
04:09
It's really messy.
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真係好混亂
04:11
If you go to the places where it's just arriving,
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如果你去到一啲開始有油污嘅地方
04:13
like the eastern part of the Gulf, in Alabama,
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例如墨西哥灣東面嘅亞拉巴馬州
04:16
there's still people using the beach
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啲人仲出海灘
04:18
while there are people cleaning up the beach.
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但已經有人清潔緊海灘
04:20
And they have a very strange way of cleaning up the beach.
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但佢地清潔海灘嗰陣，會用一啲好怪嘅方法
04:23
They're not allowed to put more than 10 pounds of sand
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例如佢哋唔可以將超過十磅嘅沙
04:25
in a 50-gallon plastic bag.
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放落一個五十加侖嘅服袋裡面
04:27
They have thousands and thousands of plastic bags.
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佢哋有數以千計嘅膠袋
04:29
I don't know what they're going to do with all that stuff.
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我唔知佢地用呢啲嘢嚟做乜
04:31
Meanwhile, there are still people trying to use the beach.
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但同時仲有人出去海灘
04:33
They don't see the little, tiny sign
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佢哋連小小嘅信號都睇唔到
04:35
that says: "Stay out of the water."
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上面寫明「切勿下水」
04:37
Their kids are in the water; they're getting tar
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佢哋啲細路仲玩水
04:39
all over their clothes and their sandals. It's a mess.
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成身衫同拖鞋都係油，真係好亂
04:42
If you go to the place where the oil has been a while,
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去到啲油污出現咗一排嘅地方
04:44
it's an even bigger mess.
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仲亂
04:46
And there's basically nobody there anymore,
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呢啲地方基本上已經冇晒人
04:49
a few people trying
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仲有好少人嘗試
04:51
to keep using it.
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利用個海
04:53
You see people who are really shell-shocked.
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你會發現呢班好恐慌嘅人
04:55
They are very hardworking people.
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其實都係好勤力
04:57
All they know about life is they get up in the morning,
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佢哋一向嘅生活就係大清早起身
04:59
and if their engine starts, they go to work.
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引擎著咗就開工
05:02
They always felt that they could rely on
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佢地永遠覺得自己可以依靠
05:05
the assurances that nature brought them
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大自然畀佢哋嘅信心
05:07
through the ecosystem of the Gulf.
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源於墨西哥灣嘅生態系統
05:09
They're finding that their world is really collapsing.
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佢哋覺得自己嘅世界真係崩潰緊
05:12
And so you can see, literally,
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講真，你會發現
05:15
signs of their shock,
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佢哋恐懼嘅跡象
05:20
signs of their outrage,
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佢哋痛恨嘅跡象
05:25
signs of their anger,
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佢哋憤怒嘅跡象
05:32
and signs of their grief.
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佢哋悲痛嘅跡象
05:35
These are the things that you can see.
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呢啲就係你會發現嘅嘢
05:40
There's a lot you can't see, also,
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仲有好多你見唔到嘅問題
05:42
underwater.
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喺海底
05:44
What's going on underwater?
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海底發生咩事？
05:46
Well, some people say
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嗯，有人話
05:48
there are oil plumes.
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海底有油柱
05:50
Some people say there are not oil plumes.
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又有人話冇油柱
05:53
And Congressman Markey asks, you know,
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你知唔知，眾議員馬基問過：
05:56
"Is it going to take a submarine ride
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係咪要坐潛水艇
05:59
to see if there are really oil plumes?"
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睇吓有冇油柱？
06:02
But I couldn't take a submarine ride --
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但我坐唔到潛水艇
06:04
especially between the time I knew I was coming here and today --
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尤其當我要嚟到呢度嘅時候
06:07
so I had to do
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我要
06:09
a little experiment myself
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親自做個小實驗
06:11
to see if there was oil in the Gulf of Mexico.
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睇睇墨西哥灣到底有冇石油
06:13
So this is the Gulf of Mexico,
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呢個就係墨西哥灣
06:16
sparkling place full of fish.
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一個多采多彩、有好多魚嘅地方
06:19
I created a little oil spill
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我係嗰度
06:21
in the Gulf of Mexico.
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滴咗少少浮油
06:23
And I learned -- in fact, I confirmed -- the hypothesis
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發現咗 -- 其實都證實咗我嘅假設
06:25
that oil and water don't mix
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油同水係溝唔埋
06:28
until you add a dispersant,
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除非落分散劑
06:33
and then
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之後
06:36
they start mixing.
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佢哋開始融合
06:38
And you add a little energy
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如果令佢地郁少少
06:40
from the wind and the waves,
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利用風同海浪
06:42
and you get a big mess,
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之後就會好麻煩
06:45
a big mess
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係超麻煩
06:47
that you can't possibly clean,
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就係你清理唔到
06:49
you can't touch, you can't extract
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接觸唔到、提取唔到
06:52
and, I think most importantly -- this is what I think --
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同埋最重要 -- 我係咁諗 --
06:55
you can't see it.
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就係你睇唔到
06:57
I think it's being hidden on purpose.
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我覺得啲石油係故意被隱藏
07:00
Now this is such a catastrophe and such a mess,
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而家出現咗咁大嘅災難
07:03
that lots of stuff is leaking out on the edges of the information stream.
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媒體成日泄露消息
07:06
But as many people have said,
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但正如好多人所講
07:08
there's a large attempt to suppress what's going on.
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有人極力隱瞞事實嘅真相
07:11
Personally, I think that
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而我自己覺得
07:13
the dispersants are
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分散劑係
07:15
a major strategy to hide the body,
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隱瞞事實嘅主要策略
07:18
because we put the murderer
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因為我哋要兇手
07:20
in charge of the crime scene.
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負責處理案發現場
07:22
But you can see it.
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但你睇到呢點
07:24
You can see where the oil
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你睇到啲石油
07:26
is concentrated at the surface,
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係海面集中喺邊度
07:28
and then it is attacked,
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之後就有人喺度做手腳
07:31
because they don't want the evidence, in my opinion.
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因為佢地唔想留低證據，我係咁諗
07:34
Okay.
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好啦
07:36
We heard that bacteria eat oil?
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有冇聽過食油嘅細菌
07:38
So do sea turtles.
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其車海龜都係
07:40
When it breaks up,
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當啲油分解
07:42
it has a long way to go
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就需要好長時間
07:44
before it gets down to bacteria.
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先會輪到細菌
07:46
Turtles eat it. It gets in the gills of fish.
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海龜都食，但啲油入晒魚鰓
07:49
These guys have to swim around through it.
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佢哋要喺附近游來游去
07:51
I heard the most incredible story today
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我今日聽到一個最神奇嘅故事
07:54
when I was on the train coming here.
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就係當我坐火車過嚟嗰陣
07:57
A writer named Ted Williams called me,
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有位叫泰德威廉斯嘅作家叫我
07:59
and he was asking me a couple of questions
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問咗我幾條問題
08:01
about what I saw,
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問我見到乜嘢
08:03
because he's writing an article for Audubon magazine.
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因為佢為奧杜邦雜雜寫緊篇文章
08:05
He said that he had been in the Gulf a little while ago --
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佢話嚟左墨西哥灣一陣 --
08:08
like about a week ago --
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大概一個禮拜 --
08:10
and a guy who had been a recreational fishing guide
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有個曾經係休閒釣魚導遊嘅人
08:13
took him out to show him what's going on.
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帶佢睇吓佢嗰邊發生咩事
08:16
That guide's entire calendar year
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個導遊全年嘅預約
08:19
is canceled bookings.
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取消晒
08:21
He has no bookings left.
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佢冇晒預約
08:23
Everybody wanted their deposit back. Everybody is fleeing.
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個個都想拎返訂金，個個都逃之夭夭
08:26
That's the story of thousands of people.
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成千上萬嘅人都有同樣遭遇
08:28
But he told Ted
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但係佢同泰德講
08:31
that on the last day he went out,
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係佢出海最後嗰日
08:33
a bottlenose dolphin
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有隻酒糟鼻海豚
08:35
suddenly appeared next to the boat,
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忽然係隻船隔離出現
08:38
and it was splattering oil
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佢喺度整走
08:40
out its blowhole.
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氣孔裡面啲油
08:43
And he moved away
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之後導遊走咗
08:45
because it was
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因為嗰次係
08:47
his last fishing trip,
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佢最後一次出海釣魚
08:49
and he knew that the dolphins scare fish.
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同埋佢都知道海豚驚魚
08:51
So he moved away from it,
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所以佢離開隻海豚
08:53
turned around a few minutes later,
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走咗幾分鐘之後
08:55
it was right next to the side of the boat again.
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隻海豚又係隻船隔離出現
08:57
He said that in 30 years of fishing
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導遊話自己釣咗三十年魚
08:59
he had never seen a dolphin do that.
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未見過有海豚咁做
09:01
And he felt that --
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佢覺得 --
09:04
he felt that it was
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佢覺得隻海豚係
09:06
coming to ask for help. Sorry.
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喺度求救，真係可惜
09:12
Now, in the Exxon Valdez spill,
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今時今日喺埃克森漏油現場
09:15
about 30 percent of the killer whales
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大約三成殺人鯨
09:17
died in the first few months.
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出世後幾個月內死亡
09:20
Their numbers have never recovered.
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佢哋嘅數量從來未回復到以前嘅數字
09:22
So the recovery rate of all this stuff
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所有嘢嘅回復率
09:24
is going to be variable.
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都唔同
09:26
It's going to take longer for some things.
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有啲需要長啲時間
09:29
And some things, I think, will probably
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而有啲我諗可能
09:31
come back a little faster.
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回復得快啲
09:33
The other thing about the Gulf that is important
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另一樣嘢關於墨西哥灣好重要
09:36
is that there are a lot of animals
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就係有好多動物
09:38
that concentrate in the Gulf
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聚居喺嗰度
09:40
at certain parts of the year.
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喺年中某段時間
09:43
So the Gulf is a really important piece of water --
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所以墨西哥灣真係一片好重要嘅海洋 --
09:45
more important than a similar volume
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比大西洋裡面同等面積嘅海洋
09:48
of water in the open Atlantic Ocean.
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更加重要
09:51
These tuna swim the entire ocean.
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啲金槍魚游晒成個大西洋
09:53
They get in the Gulf Stream. They go all the way to Europe.
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嚟到墨西哥灣，跟住去歐洲
09:55
When it comes time to spawn, they come inside,
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要產卵嘅時候，佢哋就係入去
09:57
and these two tuna that were tagged,
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相中呢兩隻海豚
09:59
you can see them on the spawning grounds
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你哋見到佢哋係產卵場度
10:02
very much right in the area of the slick.
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正正就係浮油集中嘅地方
10:04
They're probably having, at the very least,
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最起碼佢哋今年好可能遇到
10:07
a catastrophic spawning season this year.
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一個災難性嘅產卵期
10:10
I'm hoping that maybe the adults
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我希望當中嘅大人會
10:12
are avoiding that dirty water.
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避免接觸啲污糟水
10:14
They don't usually like to go into water
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佢哋通常都唔鐘意落水
10:16
that is very cloudy anyway.
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反正天色都唔太好
10:18
But these are really high-performance
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不過佢哋係優秀嘅
10:20
athletic animals.
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運動型動物
10:22
I don't know what this kind of stuff will do in their gills.
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我唔知啲石油入咗佢哋啲鰓之後會點
10:25
I don't know if it'll affect the adults.
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都唔知啲大人會唔會受影響
10:27
If it's not, it's certainly affecting
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就算唔會，啲油點都會影響
10:29
their eggs and larvae, I would certainly think.
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佢哋啲卵同小朋友，我真係咁諗
10:31
But if you look at that graph that goes down and down and down,
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當你見到條曲線不斷向下走
10:34
that's what we've done to this species
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呢啲就係我哋對待呢種魚類嘅後果
10:36
through overfishing over many decades.
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呢幾十年嚟不斷捕魚嘅結果
10:39
So while the oil spill,
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正當今次漏油
10:41
the leak, the eruption,
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泄漏、噴出
10:43
is a catastrophe,
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係災難
10:45
I think it's important to keep in mind
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我認為我哋要記住
10:47
that we've done a lot to affect what's in the ocean
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我哋做過非常之多影響海洋生態嘅事
10:49
for a very, very long time.
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做咗好耐好耐
10:51
It's not like we're starting with something
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我哋實在唔似開始做緊
10:53
that's been okay.
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一啲好事
10:55
We're starting with something that's had a lot of stresses
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反而開始做啲會帶嚟好多困難
10:57
and a lot of problems to begin with.
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同壓力嘅事
10:59
If you look around at the birds,
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睇睇啲雀鳥
11:01
there are a lot of birds in the Gulf
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墨西哥灣有好多雀鳥
11:03
that concentrate in the Gulf at certain times of the year,
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年中某段時間集中喺墨西哥灣
11:06
but then leave.
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但之後就飛走
11:08
And they populate much larger areas.
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但聚居面積更大
11:11
So for instance,
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舉個例
11:13
most of the birds in this picture are migratory birds.
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圖入面大多數雀鳥都係候鳥
11:16
They were all on the Gulf in May,
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佢哋喺五月喺晒墨西哥灣
11:18
while oil was starting to come ashore in certain places.
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同時某啲地方就有石油飄緊埋岸
11:22
Down on the lower left there
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睇睇左下角嘅
11:24
are Ruddy Turnstones and Sanderlings.
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翻石鷸同三趾鷸
11:26
They breed in the high arctic,
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佢哋係北極一帶繁殖
11:28
and they winter down in southern South America.
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冬天就喺南美洲南部度過
11:30
But they concentrate in the Gulf
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但佢哋集中喺墨西哥灣
11:32
and then fan out all across the arctic.
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跟住遍佈成個北極
11:35
I saw birds that breed in Greenland
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我見過喺格陵蘭繁殖嘅雀鳥
11:37
in the Gulf,
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住喺墨西哥灣
11:40
so this is a hemispheric issue.
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所以呢個都係南北半球嘅問題
11:43
The economic effects
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經濟衝擊
11:45
go at least nationally in many ways.
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係國家層面上，好多方面都係排最後
11:48
The biological effects are certainly hemispheric.
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對於生物嘅影響當然涉及南北半球
11:53
I think that this is one of the most
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我覺得呢樣係其中一樣最
11:55
absolutely mind-boggling
290
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絕對令人震驚嘅
11:58
examples of total unpreparedness
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因為毫無防範嘅例子
12:00
that I can even think of.
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喺我想像得到嘅事之中
12:02
Even when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor,
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就算當日本人炸珍珠港
12:05
at least they shot back.
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起碼佢哋識得還擊
12:07
And we just seem to be
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而我哋而家就好似
12:09
unable to figure out what to do.
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唔知道下一步應該點做
12:11
There was nothing ready,
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所有嘢都未準備好
12:15
and, you know, as we can see
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而家你睇到
12:17
by what they're doing.
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我哋所作所為嘅後果
12:19
Mainly what they're doing is booms and dispersants.
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佢哋而家主要用緊嘅方法就係輸油管同埋分散劑
12:21
The booms are absolutely not made for open water.
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而啲輸油管絕對唔適用於空曠嘅水域
12:24
They don't even attempt to corral
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佢哋甚至唔嘗試係最多油嘅地方
12:27
the oil where it is most concentrated.
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將啲油集合埋一齊
12:30
They get near shore. Look at these two boats.
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而家啲石油越來越近岸邊，睇吓呢兩隻船
12:32
That one on the right is called Fishing Fool.
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右邊嗰隻叫做傻仔釣魚
12:35
And I think, you know, that's a great name
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你知唔知，我覺得隻船個名改得好好
12:37
for boats that think that they're going to do anything
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佢哋而家出盡辦法
12:40
to make a dent in this by dragging a boom between them
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引人注意，例如拖走啲輸油管
12:43
when there are literally hundreds of thousands
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而家係墨西哥灣嘅幾平方里之內
12:45
of square miles in the Gulf right now
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有數以十萬計嘅船嘅表面
12:47
with oil at the surface.
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都有油污
12:49
The dispersants make the oil go right under the booms.
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而啲分散劑將啲油沉喺輸油管之下
12:52
The booms are only about
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啲輸油管直徑大約
12:54
13 inches in diameter.
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得十三寸
12:57
So it's just absolutely crazy.
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所以成件事絕對係荒唐
13:00
Here are shrimp boats employed.
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而家我哋見到啲蝦艇
13:02
There are hundreds of shrimp boats employed to drag booms instead of nets.
317
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佢哋用幾百隻蝦艇，唔係收網，而係收起輸油管
13:05
Here they are working.
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佢哋喺度做緊嘢
13:07
You can see easily
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好容易睇到
13:09
that all the oily water just goes over the back of the boom.
320
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全部有油污嘅水都走晒去輸油管後面
13:12
All they're doing is stirring it.
321
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啲油管只係攪緊啲油同水
13:15
It's just ridiculous.
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好荒謬
13:17
Also, for all the shoreline that has booms --
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仲有，所有裝有輸油管嘅海岸 --
13:20
hundreds and hundreds of miles of shoreline --
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上百里計嘅海岸線 --
13:22
all of the shoreline that has booms,
325
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成線海岸線都有輸油管
13:24
there's adjacent shoreline that doesn't have any booms.
326
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而隔離有海岸係完全冇輸油管
13:27
There is ample opportunity
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有好大機會
13:29
for oil and dirty water to get in behind them.
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畀啲油污同受污染嘅水流過去
13:32
And that lower photo, that's a bird colony that has been boomed.
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喺下面張相，有片雀鳥棲息地被人裝埋輸油管
13:35
Everybody's trying to protect
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所有人都非常努力保護
13:38
the bird colonies there.
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嗰度嘅雀鳥棲息地
13:40
Well, as an ornithologist,
332
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嗯，有位鳥類學者
13:43
I can tell you that birds fly, and that --
333
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我話你知雀係識得飛，同埋 --
13:46
(Laughter)
334
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(笑聲)
13:50
and that booming a bird colony
335
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喺雀鳥棲息地裝輸油管係
13:53
doesn't do it; it doesn't do it.
336
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冇用；真係冇用
13:56
These birds make a living by diving into the water.
337
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啲雀鳥係靠潛落水底搵食物
14:00
In fact,
338
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講真
14:03
really what I think they should do, if anything --
339
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我覺得佢哋應該做啲乜，就係任何 --
14:06
they're trying so hard to protect those nests --
340
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佢哋咁努力設法保護啲雀巢 --
14:09
actually, if they destroyed every single nest
341
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講真如果佢哋破壞啲巢
14:12
some of the birds would leave,
342
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有啲雀鳥就係飛走
14:14
and that would be better for them this year.
343
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咁做對佢哋今年嘅生活都有益處
14:17
As far as cleaning them,
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至於將佢哋清洗乾淨
14:20
I don't mean to cast any aspersion
345
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我唔係要誹謗
14:23
on people cleaning birds.
346
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為雀鳥清潔嘅人
14:25
It's really, really important
347
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非常非常重要嘅一點
14:27
that we express our compassion.
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就係我哋展示同情嘅一面
14:29
I think that's the most important thing that people have,
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我覺得人類擁有最重要嘅嘢
14:31
is compassion.
350
856000
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就係同情
14:33
It's really important to get those images
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我哋真係需要建立呢種形象
14:35
and to show it.
352
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同埋展示出嚟
14:37
But really, where are those birds going to get released to?
353
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但講真，啲雀鳥會被放去邊？
14:40
It's like taking somebody out of a burning building,
354
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而家就好似喺火場救人出嚟
14:42
treating them for smoke inhalation
355
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用濃煙救佢哋
14:44
and sending them back into the building, because the oil is still gushing.
356
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跟住送返佢哋入火場，因為啲油仲漏緊
14:48
I refuse to acknowledge this
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我唔會承認呢件事
14:50
as anything like an accident.
358
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係等同於意外
14:53
I think that this is the result of gross negligence.
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我認為呢個係粗淺而無知嘅結果
14:56
(Applause)
360
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(掌聲)
15:01
Not just B.P.
361
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唔淨上英國石油
15:03
B.P. operated
362
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英國石油管理得
15:05
very sloppily and very recklessly
363
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好草率同魯莽
15:08
because they could.
364
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因為佢哋做得出
15:10
And they were allowed to do so
365
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而且佢哋可以咁做
15:12
because of the absolute failure of oversight
366
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就係源於一個我哋以為
15:15
of the government that's supposed to be
367
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會保障我哋嘅政府
15:18
our government, protecting us.
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嘅疏忽同失策
15:23
It turns out that --
369
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最終局面係 --
15:25
you see this sign on almost every commercial vessel in the United States --
370
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你會喺幾乎所有美國船隻上見到呢個標誌 --
15:28
you know, if you spilled a couple of gallons of oil,
371
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你知唔知，如果你漏咗幾加侖油
15:30
you would be in big trouble.
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你會惹到一身蟻
15:32
And you have to really wonder
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所以你真係要諗清楚
15:34
who are the laws made for,
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到底法律係為邊個而設
15:37
and who has gotten above the laws.
375
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邊個凌駕於律法之上
15:40
Now there are things that we can do in the future.
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而家我哋可以為未來做啲嘢
15:42
We could have the kinds of equipment that we would really need.
377
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我哋可以擁有真係需要嘅工具
15:45
It would not take an awful lot
378
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而唔再需要好多人
15:47
to anticipate
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去參與
15:49
that after making 30,000 holes
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喺墨西哥灣嘅海床
15:51
in the sea floor of the Gulf of Mexico looking for oil,
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掘三萬個窿搵石油
15:54
oil might start coming out of one of them.
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石油可能從其中一個窿走出嚟
15:56
And you'd have some idea of what to do.
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你可能已經知道我哋可以做乜嘢
15:59
That's certainly one of the things we need to do.
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呢個絕對係其中一樣我哋要做嘅事
16:02
But I think we have to understand where this leak
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但我覺得我哋真係要理解清楚今次漏油事件
16:04
really started from.
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代表乜嘢
16:07
It really started from the destruction
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呢次事件意味著一個想法被瓦解
16:09
of the idea that the government is there
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就係我哋嘅政府嘅成立
16:12
because it's our government, meant to protect
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就係為咗保衛我哋
16:15
the larger public interest.
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最大嘅公共利益
16:21
So I think that the oil blowout,
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所以我認為漏油事件
16:23
the bank bailout,
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拯救銀行計劃
16:25
the mortgage crisis and all these things
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次按危機等所有嘢
16:28
are absolutely symptoms of
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絕對係同一原因嘅
16:31
the same cause.
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徵兆
16:33
We still seem to understand
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我哋似乎仍然認為
16:35
that at least we need the police to protect us
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我哋起碼需要警察保護我哋
16:38
from a few bad people.
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免受壞人傷害
16:41
And even though the police can be a little annoying at times --
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即使警察有時都幾刻人憎 --
16:43
giving us tickets and stuff like that --
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例如抄牌之類 --
16:45
nobody says that we should just get rid of them.
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但冇話過我哋應該炒晒佢哋
16:48
But in the entire rest of government right now
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但而家其餘所有嘅政府部門
16:51
and for the last at least 30 years,
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喺過去最少三十年
16:53
there has been a culture of deregulation
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出現一種違反規定嘅文化
16:56
that is caused directly
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係源於
16:58
by the people who
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我哋需要從佢地身上
17:00
we need to be protected from,
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得到保護嘅人
17:02
buying the government out from under us.
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叛著我哋買起咗成個政府
17:05
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
17:15
Now this has been a problem for a very, very long time.
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有個問題存在已久
17:18
You can see that
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你睇得出
17:21
corporations were illegal at the founding of America,
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有啲公司係美國建國嘅時候，犯過法
17:23
and even Thomas Jefferson complained
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就算傑弗遜都抱怨過
17:26
that they were already
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當時佢地已經
17:29
bidding defiance to the laws of our country.
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對抗國家律法
17:33
Okay, people who say
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好喇，話佢哋
17:35
they're conservative,
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好保守嘅朋友
17:37
if they really wanted to be
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如果佢哋真係想
17:39
really conservative and really patriotic,
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保守同愛國
17:41
they would tell these corporations
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佢哋會叫晒呢啲公司
17:43
to go to hell.
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去死
17:45
That's what it would really mean to be conservative.
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呢啲先係保守
17:49
So what we really need to do
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所以我哋要做嘅係
17:51
is regain the idea
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收復大眾覺得
17:53
that it's our government
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呢個就係會
17:55
safeguarding our interests
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保衛我哋利益嘅政府嘅想法
17:57
and regain a sense of unity
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同埋回復團結嘅意識
17:59
and common cause in our country
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同已經被遺忘嘅
18:01
that really has been lost.
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立國宗旨
18:04
I think there are signs of hope.
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我覺得仲有希望嘅跡象
18:06
We seem to be waking up a little bit.
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睇嚟我哋要醒一醒
18:08
The Glass-Steagall Act --
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格拉斯-斯蒂格爾法案 --
18:10
which was really to protect us from the kind of thing
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就係旨於避免我哋遇到
18:12
that caused the recession to happen,
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會導致經濟衰退嘅事
18:14
and the bank meltdown
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1933年銀行倒閉
18:16
and all that stuff that required the bailouts --
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所有銀行都要求援助 --
18:18
that was put in effect in 1933,
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當時法案就出動
18:20
was systematically destroyed.
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而家已經有組織地被廢除
18:23
Now there's a mood to put some of that stuff
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而家坊間有種情緒想將份法案
18:25
back in place,
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恢復效力
18:27
but the lobbyists are already there
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但已經有說客係度
18:29
trying to weaken the regulations
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嘗試削弱條例
18:31
after the legislation has just passed.
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自從法例被通過後
18:34
So it's a continued fight.
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呢場係耐力戰
18:36
It's a historic moment right now.
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而家已經到咗歷史性時刻
18:38
We're either going to have an absolutely
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我哋一係會有個完全
18:40
unmitigated catastrophe
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冇緩和過嘅災難性
18:42
of this oil leak in the Gulf,
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墨西哥灣漏油事件
18:44
or we will make the moment we need out of this,
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一係喺事件上利用時機
18:46
as many people have noted today.
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正如而家好多人所講
18:48
There's certainly a common theme
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我哋當然都有句口頭襌
18:50
about needing to make the moment out of this.
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話需要利用時機
18:52
We've been through this before
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我哋之前已經經歷過呢個階段
18:54
with other ways of offshore drilling.
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當我哋用緊其他方法離岸採油嗰陣
18:56
The first offshore wells were called whales.
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第一個海上油井叫鯨魚
18:59
The first offshore drills were called harpoons.
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第一台鑽台叫魚叉
19:02
We emptied the ocean of the whales at that time.
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當時我哋殺晒海裡面嘅鯨魚
19:05
Now are we stuck with this?
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而家又想重蹈覆徹？
19:07
Ever since we lived in caves,
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自從人類住喺山洞起
19:09
every time we wanted any energy,
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每當我哋想要任何能源
19:11
we lit something on fire, and that is still what we're doing.
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我哋起火採光，我哋而家仲係咁做
19:14
We're still lighting something on fire
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我哋仲係起火採光
19:16
every time we want energy.
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每當我哋要能源
19:19
And people say
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有人話
19:21
we can't have clean energy
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我哋冇得用潔淨嘅能源
19:23
because it's too expensive.
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因為太貴
19:26
Who says it's too expensive?
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邊個話大貴？
19:28
People who sell us fossil fuels.
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有人向我哋賣化石燃料
19:30
We've been here before with energy,
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人類有能源之前已經存在
19:33
and people saying the economy
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有人話經濟
19:35
cannot withstand a switch,
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唔能夠承受轉變
19:37
because the cheapest energy was slavery.
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因為最平嘅能源就係奴隸
19:40
Energy is always a moral issue.
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能源永遠都係道德問題
19:43
It's an issue that is moral right now.
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而家呢個就係道德問題
19:45
It's a matter of right and wrong.
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一個關於對與錯嘅問題
19:47
Thank you very much.
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多謝
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carl Safina - Ecologist, writerCarl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature.
Why you should listen
Carl Safina explores how the ocean is changing and what those changes mean for wildlife and for people.
Safina is author of seven books, including Song for the Blue Ocean, which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year, Eye of the Albatross, Voyage of the Turtle and The View From Lazy Point. Safina is founding president of The Safina Center at Stony Brook University, where he also co-chairs the University's Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science. A winner of the 2012 Orion Award and a MacArthur Prize, among others, his work has been featured in outlets such as The New York Times, National Geographic, CNN.com and The Huffington Post, and he hosts “Saving the Ocean” on PBS.
His latest book, Beyond Words: What Animals Think And Feel, explores the inner lives of animals.
Carl Safina | Speaker | TED.com