Reed Hastings: How Netflix changed entertainment -- and where it's headed
Reed Hastings: Comment Netflix a transformé le divertissement et vers quoi se dirige-t-il ?
As co-founder and CEO of Netflix, Reed Hastings is revolutionizing the world of entertainment. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
so fascinated and amazed
que je suis fasciné et émerveillé
si je puis dire.
I think about six years ago.
d'il y a environ six ans.
was doing really well,
se portait très bien
de streaming
créés par d'autres sociétés.
que vous aviez raison
that you were right
away from just sending people DVDs,
de la simple livraison de DVDs,
and healthy growth rates,
et un bon taux de croissance, et pourtant,
really, a bet-the-company decision.
avec votre entreprise.
and what motivated it?
cable networks from all time
toutes les chaînes câblées
le contenu des autres
their own originals.
leurs propres contenus.
for quite a while.
depuis longtemps.
original content back in 2005,
notre propre contenu en 2005 -
and buying films at Sundance --
les films au festival de Sundance.
we published on DVD --
qu'on a sorti en DVD --
because we were subscale.
n'étions pas à la bonne échelle.
comme vous l'avez mentionné,
who runs content,
qui gère le contenu,
it was 100 million dollars,
ça valait 100 millions de dollars.
that he picked right upfront.
il avait vu juste dès le départ.
of the revenue of the company
du chiffre d'affaires de l'entreprise
that that was actually worth doing?
que ça valait vraiment le coup ?
devastating for the company.
désastre pour la société.
I mean, that's the whole tension of it.
C'est là où tout se joue.
I can't say that.
Je ne peux pas dire ça.
producing new content.
de produire de nouveaux contenus.
if I understand right,
si j'ai bien compris,
de « binge-viewing ».
these episodes and build excitement" --
et faire monter l'excitation » --
disponibles d'un seul coup.
hadn't really been tested.
we had grown up shipping DVDs.
et grandi en envoyant des DVD.
box sets, on DVD.
et les coffrets DVD.
watching some of the great HBO content
l'un des très bons contenus de HBO,
Un épisode, puis l'épisode suivant.
next episode, next episode.
to make us think,
especially serialized,
et en particulier les séries,
all the episodes at once.
serait énorme. »
that linear TV can't do.
traditionnelle ne peut pas faire.
made it really positive.
qui ont fait que ça a marché.
pretty much straight away,
dès le départ ?
"House of Cards," say,
« House of Cards »,
someone else's licensed content?
détenu par une autre société ?
we don't have to track it at that level.
nous n'avons pas à nous soucier de ça.
making the brand stronger,
plus forte,
would talk about it
great show, AMC show --
série d'AMC que nous diffusions,
sur Netflix.
all these other remarkable series,
toutes ces excellentes séries :
"Orange is the New Black," "The Crown,"
the New Black », « The Crown »,
to make in new content
pour le nouveau contenu
around the world.
à travers le monde.
on other networks.
sur d'autres chaînes.
content commissioner at this point?
fournisseur de contenu aujourd'hui ?
they're even bigger.
ils seront même bien plus importants.
que ça en a l'air.
and others in the media business,
dans l'industrie médiatique,
était arrivée de nulle part
really revolutionized the business.
avait dit un jour :
des vidéos Blockbuster »
was as big as Disney.
il aurait été aussi gros que Disney.
have happened, and yet it did.
ne jamais arriver, et pourtant.
it moves fast, you know?
ça va très vite, n'est-ce pas ?
unusual about Netflix's culture
d'unique dans la culture de Netflix
bold -- I won't say "reckless" --
décisions -- je ne dirai pas imprudentes,
et abouties.
which is we were born on DVD,
avait commencé avec les DVDs,
was going to be temporary.
des disques indéfiniment.
mailing discs for 100 years.
about what's coming next,
sur ce qui allait venir après,
about what's coming next.
à ce qui allait venir.
sur la liberté et la responsabilité.
and responsibility.
le moins de décisions possible.
as possible in a quarter.
and better at that.
de plus en plus là-dessus.
I can go a whole quarter
sans prendre aucune décision.
surprising things about your people.
concernant votre communauté.
selon laquelle
compared to your peers',
comparés à vos pairs,
for equivalent jobs.
pour les mêmes postes.
the Netflix culture deck,
la culture d'entreprise de Netflix,
admonitions to your employees.
surprenantes destinée à vos employés.
we were very process obsessed.
on était obsédé par les procédures.
faisait une erreur,
didn't happen again --
ça ne se reproduise pas ;
à l'industrie des semi-conducteurs.
to dummy-proof the system.
de protéger ce système des idiots.
only dummies wanted to work there.
voulaient y travailler.
passant du C++ à Java.
in that case, it was C++ to Java.
by our largest competitor.
par notre plus grand concurrent.
on how to run with no process
sur la façon de diriger sans procédure
all these mechanisms,
sur la même longueur d'onde,
et partagent les informations --
at how much information --
par toute cette information -
you know how they compartmentalize?
everybody gets all the information.
accès à toutes les informations.
a sense of responsibility in people
des responsabilités chez les gens,
that are made all the time,
qui sont prises tout le temps,
which is great.
ce qui est une bonne chose.
ce sont de bonnes décisions.
and read them on the internet.
sur Internet au réveil.
their own vacation time, and ...
leurs vacances quand ils le veulent...
symbolic one, vacation,
c'est très symbolique,
do that, anyway.
font ça en général.
of that freedom.
as a fundamental value.
fondamentales que vous demandez.
to speak the truth.
disent ce qu'ils pensent.
silently is disloyal."
en silence est déloyal. »
go through without saying your piece,
des décisions suivre leur cours
et généralement, sans l'écrire.
on trying to get to good decisions
les bonnes décisions
like yelling at each other --
intense, comme se crier dessus ;
drawing people out.
qui attire les gens.
secret weapon at Netflix, it seems,
chez Netflix,
a certain amount about this week.
parlé cette semaine.
really surprising stances
des positions très surprenantes
algorithms at Netflix.
intelligents de Netflix.
your algorithm to the world
votre algorithme au monde
than this recommendation we've got?
peut faire mieux que ça ?
better than yours.
Vous le referiez ?
Would you do that again?
c'était en 2007.
at the time; this was about 2007.
a lucky break of good timing,
de chance tombé au bon moment,
on the algorithms,
dans les algorithmes,
to the right people
pour les bonnes personnes,
and easy to explore.
et facile à utiliser.
like a really interesting shift,
très intéressant, il y a quelques années.
"Here are 10 movies. What do you think?
Qu'est-ce que vous en pensez ?
are your best movies?"
with recommendations for what was coming.
relation avec les recommandations à venir.
à « La Liste de Schindler »,
"Schindler's List" five stars,
"The Do-Over" three stars.
à « The Do-Over », avec Adam Sandler.
at what they watched,
ce qu'ils ont regardé,
and we're metacognitive about quality,
métacognitif sur la qualité,
to please people
pour satisfaire les gens,
that they make,
by how much they enjoy simple pleasures.
à travers leurs petits plaisirs.
for a couple of minutes about this,
not just for Netflix,
pas seulement Netflix,
aspirationnelles et organisationnelles.
attention to what people said,
d'attention à ce que disaient les gens,
and then found the stuff that,
et vous avez trouvé :
a show about making horrible recipes,
aimer un show sur des recettes horribles
have even thought of that.
Je n'y aurais jamais pensé.
approach is taken too far?
les valeurs organisationnelles ?
from making people happy,
à rendre les gens heureux.
and watch a show like "Nailed It!"
devant une émission comme « Nailed It! ».
to watch very intensive film.
un film plus profond.
20 million hours of viewing on "Mudbound,"
de visionnage pour « Mudbound »,
than it would have been in the theaters
que ça ne l'aurait été au cinéma
autre moyen de diffusion.
but we have lots of broccoli.
mais aussi beaucoup de brocolis.
you get to a healthy diet.
vous avez une alimentation saine.
tend to point you away from the broccoli
éloignent-ils pas des brocolis
les algorithmes ont tendance,
on YouTube, somehow algorithms
more radical or specific content.
plus radicaux ou plus spécifiques.
that Netflix algorithms,
que les algorithmes de Netflix
would gradually --
organisationnelles, iraient peu à peu --
violent pornography or something.
pornographiques, violentes ou autres.
I don't even think about these things.
je n'y pense même pas.
that you can't just rely on algorithms.
se baser que sur des algorithmes.
like Facebook and YouTube,
Facebook et YouTube,
films and series that we acquire?
devons-nous acquérir ?
the algorithm is a tool.
l'algorithme est un outil.
about measuring what matters.
de parler de mesurer ce qui est important.
ce qui compte, j'imagine,
the more time they spend watching Netflix,
abonnés passent plus de temps sur Netflix,
d'avoir des séries
qu'une saison de « Nailed It! » ?
of "Nailed It!" or whatever?
they just think,
eux pensent :
that was extraordinary,
that with my family."
en famille. »
of the business model
de ce modèle d'affaires
but more awesome content,
mais plus sur la qualité,
that uplifting content.
le contenu inspirant.
when people talk about Netflix,
lorsque les gens parlent de Netflix,
and positive impact,
that you talked about
du nombre d'abonnés,
every night, as much as you like it;
la même chose, même si vous l'aimez,
violent pornography kind of examples.
violente pour reprendre votre exemple.
across a whole range --
de vues pour différents styles -
we're filming season five now.
de tourner la cinquième saison.
when it was only in the BBC.
elle n'était diffusée que sur la BBC.
beaucoup plus importantes.
humans can get addicted
c'est que les humains sont attirés
par leurs démons.
not to think about it in addiction terms,
on ne voit pas ça comme une addiction
with your time and when you want to relax?
et quand on veut se reposer ? »
video games, you can do YouTube,
jouer aux jeux vidéo, aller sur YouTube,
and we have a variety of moods,
et qu'on propose de la diversité,
in the organization
dans votre organisation
at the actual impacts
that you've created.
que vous avez créés.
is the direction we want to go?"
aller dans cette direction ? »
"Look, there's no perfect tool."
Il n'y a pas d'outil parfait.
the way we commission the content,
la façon dont on gère le contenu,
that we have to look at it.
"Let's just increase viewing"
« Augmentons le nombre de vues »
and be the great company you want to be.
à laquelle on aspire.
multiple measures of success.
mesures du succès.
that have raised questions:
qui ont soulevé des questions :
de Facebook,
you've done some mentoring for him.
vous étiez un peu son mentor.
that people don't know?
Zuckerberg qu'on ne sait pas ?
or have seen him.
le connaissent ou l'ont vu.
whether that's YouTube or Facebook,
YouTube ou Facebook,
les nouvelles technologies.
about printed DNA,
or could be horrific.
fantastique ou horrible.
in the 1960s in the US,
dans les années 60 aux États-Unis,
the minds of everybody.
les esprits de tout le monde.
se porte bien.
or, I think of it as --
et ses points faibles.
we're just figuring that out.
on vient seulement de le comprendre.
is it for the board of Facebook
Facebook de gérer ces problèmes ?
qu'elle a été critiquée injustement ?
unfairly criticized?
on fixing Facebook.
pour corriger Facebook.
at another passion of yours.
de l'une de vos passions.
with Netflix, you're a billionaire,
avec Netflix, vous êtes milliardaire,
and indeed, money, on education.
et d'argent à l'éducation.
qu'est-ce que vous faites ?
and what are you doing about it?
professeur de maths dans un lycée.
I was a high school math teacher.
and became a philanthropist,
du travail et suis devenu philanthrope,
with other great educators
travailler avec d'autres bons enseignants
unique environments for kids.
pour les enfants.
variety in the system
dans le système que nous n'en avons,
educator-centric organizations.
sur les enseignants.
right now in the US,
aux États-Unis,
by a local school board.
par l'administration locale.
in the community,
de toute une communauté,
is a lot more variety.
plus de diversité.
of public school
une forme d'école publique,
that are run by nonprofits.
gérées par des associations.
run by nonprofits,
par des associations,
they support the educators well.
missions, et aident plus les enseignants.
du KIPP,
d'écoles charters.
getting very stimulating education.
reçoivent une éducation très stimulante.
a school should look like.
l'école devrait ressembler.
kids, there's all different needs
avec un grand nombre d'enfants
à satisfaire,
selon votre enfant
and what you think they need.
and curious and stimulating
sur les enseignants,
et bien d'autres.
of 30 kids in fifth grade,
at the same time,
en même temps,
an industrial throwback.
à l'ère industrielle.
the current government structure,
gouvernementale actuel,
schools are doing is pushing the bounds,
repoussent les limites,
de nouvelles choses.
the governance reform,
gouvernementale,
dans l'éducation.
that charter schools,
que ces écoles charters,
from the public school system.
de l'école publique.
of public schools.
d'écoles publiques.
globalement,
des familles à faible revenu.
get in trouble,
to a private school
une école privée ou ils déménageront.
don't have those choices.
n'ont pas ce genre de choix.
low-income kids, free and reduced lunch.
sont issus de familles modestes.
for KIPP is fantastic.
sont incroyables.
il y a quelques années.
the Giving Pledge a few years ago,
more than half of your fortune
lors de votre vie.
vous avez investi dans l'éducation
you've invested in education
I don't know exactly how many hundreds,
je n'ai pas le chiffre exact,
I tried to do politics full-time,
de la politique à plein temps,
I just didn't thrive on politics.
je n'ai pas vraiment réussi en politique.
J'adore la compétition.
increase Netflix's value,
faire croître la valeur de Netflix,
more checks to schools.
davantage de chèques pour les écoles.
you've changed all of our lives
une personne exceptionnelle.
et les vies de nombreux enfants.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Reed Hastings - Entrepreneur, philanthropistAs co-founder and CEO of Netflix, Reed Hastings is revolutionizing the world of entertainment.
Why you should listen
Reed Hastings co-founded Netflix in 1997. Today the company develops, licenses and delivers entertainment across a wide variety of genres and languages to hundreds of millions of people in 190 countries. In 1991, he founded Pure Software, which made tools for software developers. After a 1995 IPO and several acquisitions, Pure was acquired by Rational Software in 1997.
Hastings is an active educational philanthropist and served on the California State Board of Education from 2000 to 2004. He is on the board of several educational organizations including DreamBox Learning, KIPP and Pahara. He's also a board member of Facebook and was on the board of Microsoft from 2007 to 2012. He received a BA from Bowdoin College in 1983 and an MSCS in artificial intelligence from Stanford University in 1988. Between Bowdoin and Stanford, he served in the Peace Corps as a high school math teacher in Swaziland.
Reed Hastings | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com