TEDGlobal 2011
Misha Glenny: Hire the hackers!
Misha Glenny: Unajmite hakere!
Filmed:
Readability: 5.1
1,438,902 views
Unatoč investicijama od milijardi dolara za internetsku sigurnost, jedan od njezinih najvećih problema je ignoriran: tko su ljudi koji pišu zlonamjeran kod? Istraživač podzemlja Misha Glenny profilira nekoliko osuđenih kodera iz cijelog svijeta i dolazi do zapanjujućeg zaključka.
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigator
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Now this is a very un-TED-like thing to do,
0
0
3000
Ovo je vrlo ne-TED-ovska stvar za napraviti,
00:18
but let's kick off the afternoon
1
3000
3000
ali započnimo ovo popodne
00:21
with a message
2
6000
2000
s porukom
00:23
from a mystery sponsor.
3
8000
3000
od tajanstvenog sponzora.
00:26
Anonymous: Dear Fox News,
4
11000
2000
Anonimus: Drage Fox vijesti,
00:28
it has come to our unfortunate attention
5
13000
3000
opazili smo nažalost
00:31
that both the name and nature of Anonymous
6
16000
2000
kako su i ime i priroda Anonimusa
00:33
has been ravaged.
7
18000
2000
oštečeni.
00:35
We are everyone. We are no one.
8
20000
3000
Mi smo svi. Mi smo nitko.
00:38
We are anonymous. We are legion.
9
23000
3000
Mi smo anonimus. Mi smo legija.
00:41
We do not forgive. We do not forget.
10
26000
3000
Mi ne opraštamo. Mi ne zaboravljamo.
00:44
We are but the base of chaos.
11
29000
3000
Mi smo osnova kaosa.
00:49
Misha Glenny: Anonymous, ladies and gentlemen --
12
34000
3000
Misha Glenny: Anonimus, dame i gospodo --
00:52
a sophisticated group
13
37000
2000
sofisticirana grupa
00:54
of politically motivated hackers
14
39000
2000
politički motiviranih hakera
00:56
who have emerged in 2011.
15
41000
3000
koji su nastali 2011.
00:59
And they're pretty scary.
16
44000
2000
I oni su prilično strašni.
01:01
You never know when they're going to attack next,
17
46000
3000
Ne znate kada će idući put napasti,
01:04
who or what the consequences will be.
18
49000
3000
koga ili koje će biti posljedice.
01:07
But interestingly,
19
52000
2000
Ali zanimljivo,
01:09
they have a sense of humor.
20
54000
3000
imaju smisao za humor.
01:12
These guys hacked into Fox News' Twitter account
21
57000
4000
Ti momci su hakirali Twitter račun Fox vijesti
01:16
to announce President Obama's assassination.
22
61000
4000
kako bi najavili atentat na predsjednika Obamu.
01:20
Now you can imagine the panic that would have generated
23
65000
3000
Sada možete zamisliti paniku koju bi to moglo uzrokovati
01:23
in the newsroom at Fox.
24
68000
2000
u sobi za vijesti na Foxu.
01:25
"What do we do now?
25
70000
2000
"Što da učinimo sada?
01:27
Put on a black armband, or crack open the champagne?"
26
72000
3000
Stavimo crni povez za ruku ili otvorimo šampanjac?"
01:30
(Laughter)
27
75000
2000
(Smijeh)
01:32
And of course, who could escape the irony
28
77000
4000
I, naravno, tko bi mogao pobjeći ironiji
01:36
of a member of Rupert Murdoch's News Corp.
29
81000
3000
člana Rupert Murdochove korporacije za vijesti
01:39
being a victim of hacking for a change.
30
84000
3000
koji je za promjenu žrtva hakiranja.
01:42
(Laughter)
31
87000
2000
(Smijeh)
01:44
(Applause)
32
89000
4000
(Pljesak)
01:48
Sometimes you turn on the news
33
93000
3000
Ponekad upalite vijesti
01:51
and you say, "Is there anyone left to hack?"
34
96000
2000
i kažete, "Postoji li još netko koga se može hakirati?"
01:53
Sony Playstation Network -- done,
35
98000
3000
Sony Playstation mreža -- učinjeno,
01:56
the government of Turkey -- tick,
36
101000
2000
Turska vlada -- obilježeno,
01:58
Britain's Serious Organized Crime Agency -- a breeze,
37
103000
3000
Britanska agencija za ozbiljan organizirani kriminal -- vrlo lako,
02:01
the CIA -- falling off a log.
38
106000
2000
CIA -- prelako.
02:03
In fact, a friend of mine from the security industry
39
108000
2000
Zapravo, moj prijatelj iz industrije osiguranja
02:05
told me the other day
40
110000
2000
rekao mi je neki dan
02:07
that there are two types of companies in the world:
41
112000
3000
kako postoje dvije vrste kompanija na svijetu:
02:10
those that know they've been hacked, and those that don't.
42
115000
3000
one koje znaju kako su bile hakirane, i one koje ne znaju.
02:13
I mean three companies
43
118000
3000
Mislim, tri kompanije
02:16
providing cybersecurity services to the FBI
44
121000
4000
koje pružaju uslugu internetske zaštite FBI-u
02:20
have been hacked.
45
125000
2000
su bile hakirane.
02:22
Is nothing sacred anymore, for heaven's sake?
46
127000
3000
Ne postoji li više išta sveto, za Boga miloga?
02:25
Anyway, this mysterious group Anonymous --
47
130000
2000
Kakobilo, ta tajanstvena grupa Anonimus --
02:27
and they would say this themselves --
48
132000
2000
i oni bi to rekli za sebe --
02:29
they are providing a service
49
134000
2000
oni pružaju uslugu
02:31
by demonstrating how useless companies are
50
136000
4000
demonstrirajući koliko su nemoćne kompanije
02:35
at protecting our data.
51
140000
3000
u zaštiti svojih podataka.
02:38
But there is also a very serious aspect to Anonymous --
52
143000
3000
Ali postoji isto i veoma ozbiljan aspekt Anonimusa --
02:41
they are ideologically driven.
53
146000
3000
oni su vođeni ideologijom.
02:44
They claim that they are battling
54
149000
2000
Oni tvrde kako se bore protiv
02:46
a dastardly conspiracy.
55
151000
3000
kukavičke zavjere.
02:49
They say that governments are trying
56
154000
2000
Oni tvrde kako vlade pokušavaju
02:51
to take over the Internet and control it,
57
156000
3000
preuzeti Internet i kontrolirati ih,
02:54
and that they, Anonymous,
58
159000
2000
a oni, Anonimus,
02:56
are the authentic voice of resistance --
59
161000
3000
predstavljaju autentičan glas otpora --
02:59
be it against Middle Eastern dictatorships,
60
164000
2000
bilo to protiv diktatura Bliskog istoka,
03:01
against global media corporations,
61
166000
3000
protiv globalnih medijskih korporacija,
03:04
or against intelligence agencies,
62
169000
2000
ili protiv obavještajnih agencija,
03:06
or whoever it is.
63
171000
2000
ili koga god već.
03:08
And their politics are not entirely unattractive.
64
173000
4000
A njihova politika nije potpuno neprivlačna.
03:12
Okay, they're a little inchoate.
65
177000
3000
U redu, malo su novi.
03:15
There's a strong whiff
66
180000
2000
Postoji snažan dašak
03:17
of half-baked anarchism about them.
67
182000
3000
polupečenog anarhizma u njima.
03:20
But one thing is true:
68
185000
2000
Ali jedna stvar je istinita:
03:22
we are at the beginning
69
187000
2000
nalazimo se na početku
03:24
of a mighty struggle
70
189000
2000
velike borbe
03:26
for control of the Internet.
71
191000
3000
za kontrolu Interneta.
03:29
The Web links everything,
72
194000
2000
Internet sve povezuje,
03:31
and very soon
73
196000
2000
i vrlo brzo
03:33
it will mediate most human activity.
74
198000
2000
će posredovati u većini ljudskih aktivnosti.
03:35
Because the Internet has fashioned
75
200000
2000
Jer je Internet donio
03:37
a new and complicated environment
76
202000
2000
novo i komplicirano okruženje
03:39
for an old-age dilemma
77
204000
3000
za dilemu starog vijeka
03:42
that pits the demands of security
78
207000
3000
koje suprotstavlja potrebu za sigurnošću
03:45
with the desire for freedom.
79
210000
3000
sa željom za slobodom.
03:48
Now this is a very complicated struggle.
80
213000
4000
To je jako komplicirana borba.
03:52
And unfortunately, for mortals like you and me,
81
217000
3000
I nažalost, za smrtnike kao što ste vi i ja,
03:55
we probably can't understand it very well.
82
220000
3000
mi vjerojatno ne možemo to dobro shvatiti.
03:58
Nonetheless,
83
223000
2000
No, bez obzira,
04:00
in an unexpected attack of hubris
84
225000
2000
u neočekivanom napadu oholosti
04:02
a couple of years ago,
85
227000
2000
prije par godina,
04:04
I decided I would try and do that.
86
229000
3000
odlučio sam kako ću pokušati to učiniti.
04:07
And I sort of get it.
87
232000
4000
I na neki način shvaćam.
04:11
These were the various things that I was looking at
88
236000
2000
Ovo su bile neke od raznih stvari koje sam promatrao
04:13
as I was trying to understand it.
89
238000
2000
kada sam ih pokušavao shvatiti.
04:15
But in order to try and explain the whole thing,
90
240000
3000
Ali kako bih pokušao objasniti cijelu stvar,
04:18
I would need another 18 minutes or so to do it,
91
243000
3000
biti će mi potrebno otprilike dodatnih 18 minuta kako bih to učinio,
04:21
so you're just going to have to take it on trust from me on this occasion,
92
246000
5000
tako da ćete mi ovaj put morati vjerovati na riječ,
04:26
and let me assure you that all of these issues
93
251000
2000
i dopustiti mi da vas uvjerim kako su sve te stvari
04:28
are involved in cybersecurity and control of the Internet
94
253000
3000
uključene u Internetsku zaštitu i kontrolu Interneta
04:31
one way or the other,
95
256000
2000
na ovaj ili onaj način,
04:33
but in a configuration
96
258000
2000
ali u konfiguraciji
04:35
that even Stephen Hawking would probably have difficulty
97
260000
3000
koju bi čak i Stephen Hawking s teškoćom
04:38
trying to get his head around.
98
263000
3000
mogao shvatiti.
04:41
So there you are.
99
266000
2000
Dakle, ovdje ste.
04:43
And as you see, in the middle,
100
268000
2000
I kao što vidite, u sredini,
04:45
there is our old friend, the hacker.
101
270000
2000
je naš stari prijatelj, haker.
04:47
The hacker is absolutely central
102
272000
3000
Haker je u potpunosti ključan
04:50
to many of the political, social
103
275000
2000
za mnoga politička, društvena
04:52
and economic issues affecting the Net.
104
277000
3000
i ekonomska pitanja koja utječu na Internet.
04:55
And so I thought to myself,
105
280000
3000
I stoga sam pomislio,
04:58
"Well, these are the guys who I want to talk to."
106
283000
3000
"Pa, ovdje su momci s kojima želim razgovarati."
05:01
And what do you know,
107
286000
3000
I pazite ovo,
05:04
nobody else does talk to the hackers.
108
289000
2000
nitko drugi ne razgovara s hakerima.
05:06
They're completely anonymous, as it were.
109
291000
3000
Oni su u potpunosti anonimni.
05:09
So despite the fact
110
294000
2000
Dakle, bez obzira
05:11
that we are beginning to pour billions,
111
296000
3000
što počinjemo ulijevati milijarde,
05:14
hundreds of billions of dollars,
112
299000
2000
stotine milijardi dolara,
05:16
into cybersecurity --
113
301000
3000
u zaštitu na Internetu --
05:19
for the most extraordinary technical solutions --
114
304000
4000
za najnaprednija tehnološka rješenja --
05:23
no one wants to talk
115
308000
2000
nitko ne želi razgovarati
05:25
to these guys, the hackers,
116
310000
2000
s tim momcima, hakerima,
05:27
who are doing everything.
117
312000
3000
koji sve rade.
05:30
Instead, we prefer these really dazzling technological solutions,
118
315000
5000
Umjesto, mi preferiramo ta doista zaslijepljujuća tehnološka rješenja,
05:35
which cost a huge amount of money.
119
320000
3000
koja koštaju puno novaca.
05:38
And so nothing is going into the hackers.
120
323000
3000
I tako ništa ne odlazi hakerima.
05:41
Well, I say nothing,
121
326000
2000
Pa, kažem ništa,
05:43
but actually there is one teeny weeny little research unit
122
328000
4000
ali zapravo postoji sićušni, maleni odjel za istraživanje
05:47
in Turin, Italy
123
332000
2000
u Torinu, Italiji
05:49
called the Hackers Profiling Project.
124
334000
3000
zvan Projekt profiliranja hakera.
05:52
And they are doing some fantastic research
125
337000
3000
I oni rade neka fantastična istraživanja
05:55
into the characteristics,
126
340000
2000
o karakteristikama,
05:57
into the abilities
127
342000
2000
sposobnostima
05:59
and the socialization of hackers.
128
344000
2000
i društvenosti hakera.
06:01
But because they're a U.N. operation,
129
346000
2000
Ali zato jer su oni operacija UN-a,
06:03
maybe that's why governments and corporations
130
348000
2000
možda zato vlade i korporacije
06:05
are not that interested in them.
131
350000
2000
nisu zainteresirane za njih.
06:07
Because it's a U.N. operation,
132
352000
2000
Zato jer je to operacija UN-a,
06:09
of course, it lacks funding.
133
354000
3000
naravno, nema dovoljno financijskih sredstava.
06:12
But I think they're doing very important work.
134
357000
3000
Ali mislim kako oni rade jako važan posao.
06:15
Because where we have a surplus of technology
135
360000
4000
Jer tamo gdje mi imamo višak tehnologije
06:19
in the cybersecurity industry,
136
364000
3000
u industriji internetske zaštite,
06:22
we have a definite lack of --
137
367000
3000
imamo definitivni manjak --
06:25
call me old-fashioned --
138
370000
2000
zovite me staromodnim --
06:27
human intelligence.
139
372000
2000
ljudske inteligencije.
06:29
Now, so far I've mentioned
140
374000
2000
Dosad sam spomenuo
06:31
the hackers Anonymous
141
376000
2000
Anonimus hakere
06:33
who are a politically motivated hacking group.
142
378000
3000
koji su politički motivirana grupa hakera.
06:36
Of course, the criminal justice system
143
381000
2000
Naravno, sustav kaznenog prava
06:38
treats them as common old garden criminals.
144
383000
2000
ih tretira kao obične staromodne kriminalce.
06:40
But interestingly,
145
385000
2000
Ali zanimljivo,
06:42
Anonymous does not make use of its hacked information
146
387000
2000
Anonimus ne koristi hakirane informacije
06:44
for financial gain.
147
389000
2000
za financijsku korist.
06:46
But what about the real cybercriminals?
148
391000
4000
Ali što je s pravim internetskim kriminalcima?
06:50
Well real organized crime on the Internet
149
395000
3000
Pa, stvaran organiziran kriminal na Internetu
06:53
goes back about 10 years
150
398000
2000
datira od prije 10 godina
06:55
when a group of gifted Ukrainian hackers
151
400000
5000
kada je grupa darovitih hakera iz Ukrajine
07:00
developed a website,
152
405000
2000
razvila web stranicu,
07:02
which led to the industrialization
153
407000
2000
koja je vodila do industrijalizacije
07:04
of cybercrime.
154
409000
3000
Internetskog zločina.
07:07
Welcome to the now forgotten realm of CarderPlanet.
155
412000
3000
Dobrodošli u sada zaboravljenu stvarnost 'Planeta kartica'.
07:13
This is how they were advertising themselves
156
418000
2000
Tako su se oglašavali
07:15
a decade ago on the Net.
157
420000
3000
prije 10 godina na Internetu.
07:18
Now CarderPlanet was very interesting.
158
423000
2000
'Planet kartica' je bio jako zanimljiv.
07:20
Cybercriminals would go there
159
425000
2000
Internetski kriminalci bi odlazili tamo
07:22
to buy and sell stolen credit card details,
160
427000
3000
kako bi kupili i prodavali ukradene detalje s kreditnih kartica,
07:25
to exchange information
161
430000
2000
kako bi razmjenili informacije
07:27
about new malware that was out there.
162
432000
3000
o novo izašlim zlonamjernim softverima.
07:30
And remember, this is a time
163
435000
2000
I upamtite, to je doba
07:32
when we're seeing for the first time
164
437000
2000
kada po prvi put opažamo
07:34
so-called off-the-shelf malware.
165
439000
2000
tako zvani zlobni softver s polica.
07:36
This is ready for use, out-of-the-box stuff,
166
441000
3000
To je roba spremna za korištenje, iz kutije,
07:39
which you can deploy
167
444000
2000
koju možete razviti
07:41
even if you're not a terribly sophisticated hacker.
168
446000
4000
čak i ako niste strašno sofisticiran haker.
07:45
And so CarderPlanet became a sort of supermarket
169
450000
3000
I tako je 'Planet kartica' postao neka vrsta supermarketa
07:48
for cybercriminals.
170
453000
2000
za internetske kriminalce.
07:50
And its creators
171
455000
2000
I njegovi kreatori
07:52
were incredibly smart and entrepreneurial,
172
457000
2000
su bili nevjerojatno pametni i poduzetni,
07:54
because they were faced
173
459000
2000
jer su bili suočeni
07:56
with one enormous challenge as cybercriminals.
174
461000
3000
s jednim ogromnim izazovom kao internetski kriminalci.
07:59
And that challenge is:
175
464000
2000
A taj izazov je:
08:01
How do you do business,
176
466000
2000
Kako poslujete,
08:03
how do you trust
177
468000
2000
kako vjerujete
08:05
somebody on the Web who you want to do business with
178
470000
2000
nekome na Internetu tko želi poslovati s vama
08:07
when you know that they're a criminal?
179
472000
3000
kada znate kada su oni kriminalci?
08:10
(Laughter)
180
475000
2000
(Smijeh)
08:12
It's axiomatic that they're dodgy,
181
477000
2000
Aksiomatično je kako su oni sumnjivi,
08:14
and they're going to want to try and rip you off.
182
479000
3000
i kako će vas pokušati okrasti.
08:17
So the family, as the inner core of CarderPlanet was known,
183
482000
3000
Stoga je obitelj, tako se nazivala unutarnja jezgra 'Planeta kartica',
08:20
came up with this brilliant idea
184
485000
2000
došla do briljantne ideje
08:22
called the escrow system.
185
487000
2000
zvane sustav obveznica.
08:24
They appointed an officer
186
489000
3000
Postavili su službenika
08:27
who would mediate between the vendor and the purchaser.
187
492000
3000
koji bi posredovao između prodavača i kupca.
08:30
The vendor, say, had stolen credit card details;
188
495000
3000
Prodavač je, recimo, imao detalje ukradene kreditne kartice;
08:33
the purchaser wanted to get a hold of them.
189
498000
3000
kupac je želio doći do njih.
08:36
The purchaser would send the administrative officer
190
501000
3000
Kupac bi poslao administrativnom službeniku
08:39
some dollars digitally,
191
504000
2000
nekoliko dolara digitalno,
08:41
and the vendor would sell the stolen credit card details.
192
506000
3000
a prodavatelj bi prodao detalje ukradene kreditne kartice.
08:44
And the officer would then verify
193
509000
3000
A službenik bi tada potvrdio
08:47
if the stolen credit card worked.
194
512000
3000
funkcionira li ukradena kreditna kartica.
08:50
And if they did,
195
515000
2000
I ako bi,
08:52
he then passed on the money to the vendor
196
517000
2000
on bi zatim proslijedio novac prodavaču
08:54
and the stolen credit card details to the purchaser.
197
519000
3000
i detalje ukradene kreditne kartice kupcu.
08:57
And it was this
198
522000
2000
I to je bilo ono
08:59
which completely revolutionized cybercrime on the Web.
199
524000
5000
što je u potpunosti revolucionariziralo internetski kriminal.
09:04
And after that, it just went wild.
200
529000
2000
I nakon toga, samo je podivljalo.
09:06
We had a champagne decade
201
531000
2000
Imali smo dekadu šampanjca
09:08
for people who we know as Carders.
202
533000
3000
za ljude koje znamo kao 'Kartice'.
09:11
Now I spoke to one of these Carders
203
536000
2000
Pričao sam s jednom 'Karticom'
09:13
who we'll call RedBrigade --
204
538000
2000
kojeg ćemo zvati CrvenaBrigada --
09:15
although that wasn't even his proper nickname --
205
540000
2000
iako to nije bio ni njegov pravi nadimak --
09:17
but I promised I wouldn't reveal who he was.
206
542000
2000
ali obećao sam kako neću otkriti tko je on.
09:19
And he explained to me how in 2003 and 2004
207
544000
3000
I objasnio mi je kako bi 2003. i 2004.
09:22
he would go on sprees in New York,
208
547000
3000
otišao na pohode u New York,
09:25
taking out $10,000 from an ATM here,
209
550000
3000
uzimajući 10.000 dolara iz bankomata ovdje,
09:28
$30,000 from an ATM there,
210
553000
3000
30.000 dolara iz bankomata tamo,
09:31
using cloned credit cards.
211
556000
3000
koristeći klonirane kreditne kartice.
09:34
He was making, on average a week,
212
559000
3000
Zarađivao je, prosječno na tjedan,
09:37
$150,000 --
213
562000
3000
150.000 dolara --
09:40
tax free of course.
214
565000
2000
bez poreza, naravno.
09:42
And he said
215
567000
3000
I rekao je
09:45
that he had so much money
216
570000
2000
kako je imao toliko novaca
09:47
stashed in his upper-East side apartment at one point
217
572000
2000
spremljenog u jednom trenutku u svom stanu na upper-East side-u
09:49
that he just didn't know what to do with it
218
574000
2000
kako jednostavno nije znao što bi s njime
09:51
and actually fell into a depression.
219
576000
2000
i zapravo je pao u depresiju.
09:53
But that's a slightly different story,
220
578000
2000
Ali to je malo drugačija priča,
09:55
which I won't go into now.
221
580000
2000
u koju neću sada ulaziti.
09:57
Now the interesting thing about RedBrigade
222
582000
3000
Sada, zanimljiva stvar o CrvenojBrigadi
10:00
is that he wasn't an advanced hacker.
223
585000
2000
je kako on nije bio napredan haker.
10:02
He sort of understood the technology,
224
587000
2000
On je shvaćao tehnologiju,
10:04
and he realized that security was very important
225
589000
3000
i shvatio je kako je sigurnost jako važna
10:07
if you were going to be a Carder,
226
592000
3000
ukoliko želite biti 'Kartica',
10:10
but he didn't spend his days and nights
227
595000
2000
ali nije provodio svoje dane i noći
10:12
bent over a computer, eating pizza,
228
597000
2000
nad računalom, jedući picu,
10:14
drinking coke and that sort of thing.
229
599000
2000
pijući kolu i te stvari.
10:16
He was out there on the town
230
601000
2000
On je bio vani po gradu
10:18
having a fab time enjoying the high life.
231
603000
2000
super se provodeći uživajući u životu na visokoj nozi.
10:20
And this is because
232
605000
2000
A to je zato
10:22
hackers are only one element
233
607000
3000
jer su hakeri samo jedan element
10:25
in a cybercriminal enterprise.
234
610000
3000
u poduzeću internetskog kriminala.
10:28
And often they're the most vulnerable element of all.
235
613000
5000
I najčešće su oni najranjivi element od svih.
10:34
And I want to explain this to you
236
619000
2000
I želim vam to objasniti
10:36
by introducing you to six characters
237
621000
2000
predstavljajući vam šest likova
10:38
who I met
238
623000
2000
koje sam upoznao
10:40
while I was doing this research.
239
625000
3000
kada sam provodio ovo istraživanje.
10:43
Dimitry Golubov, aka SCRIPT --
240
628000
3000
Dimitry Golubov, ili SCRIPT --
10:46
born in Odessa, Ukraine in 1982.
241
631000
3000
rođen u Odessi, Ukrajina 1982.
10:49
Now he developed his social and moral compass
242
634000
3000
On je razvio svoj društveni i moralni kompas
10:52
on the Black Sea port during the 1990s.
243
637000
3000
u luci Crnog mora tijekom 1990-ih.
10:55
This was a sink-or-swim environment
244
640000
3000
To je bilo potoni-ili-plivaj okruženje
10:58
where involvement in criminal or corrupt activities
245
643000
4000
gdje je uključenost u kriminal ili korumpirane aktivnosti
11:02
was entirely necessary
246
647000
2000
bilo apsolutno potrebno
11:04
if you wanted to survive.
247
649000
2000
ako ste željeli preživjeti.
11:06
As an accomplished computer user,
248
651000
2000
Kao potvrđeni računalni korisnik,
11:08
what Dimitry did
249
653000
2000
Dimitry je
11:10
was to transfer the gangster capitalism of his hometown
250
655000
4000
transferirao kapitalizam gangstera svog rodnog grada
11:14
onto the Worldwide Web.
251
659000
2000
na World Wide Web.
11:16
And he did a great job in it.
252
661000
2000
I on je napravio sjajan posao.
11:18
You have to understand though
253
663000
2000
Ipak morate shvatiti
11:20
that from his ninth birthday,
254
665000
2000
kako je od njegova devetog rođendana,
11:22
the only environment he knew
255
667000
2000
jedino okruženje koje je poznavao
11:24
was gangsterism.
256
669000
2000
bilo gangsterizam.
11:26
He knew no other way of making a living
257
671000
2000
Nije znao niti jedan drugi način življenja
11:28
and making money.
258
673000
2000
i zarađivanja novca.
11:30
Then we have Renukanth Subramaniam,
259
675000
2000
Zatim imamo Renukantha Subramaniama,
11:32
aka JiLsi --
260
677000
2000
ili JiLsi --
11:34
founder of DarkMarket,
261
679000
2000
osnivača TamnogTržišta,
11:36
born in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
262
681000
2000
rođenog u Kolombu, Šri Lanci.
11:38
As an eight year-old,
263
683000
2000
Kao osmogodišnjak,
11:40
he and his parents fled the Sri Lankan capital
264
685000
2000
on i njegovi roditelji su napustili glavni grad Šri Lanke
11:42
because Singhalese mobs were roaming the city,
265
687000
3000
jer je Singalska mafija harala gradom,
11:45
looking for Tamils like Renu to murder.
266
690000
3000
u potrazi za Tamilima kao što je Renu kako bi ih ubila.
11:48
At 11, he was interrogated by the Sri Lankan military,
267
693000
2000
U dobi od 11, vojska Šri Lanke ga je ispitivala,
11:50
accused of being a terrorist,
268
695000
2000
optužila da je terorist,
11:52
and his parents sent him on his own to Britain
269
697000
4000
i roditelji su ga poslali samoga u Britaniju
11:56
as a refugee seeking political asylum.
270
701000
3000
kao izbjeglicu koja traži politički azil.
11:59
At 13,
271
704000
2000
U dobi od 13 godina,
12:01
with only little English and being bullied at school,
272
706000
3000
sa samo malo engleskog i maltretiranja u školi,
12:04
he escaped into a world of computers
273
709000
3000
pobjegao je u svijet računala
12:07
where he showed great technical ability,
274
712000
2000
gdje je pokazao veliku tehničku sposobnost,
12:09
but he was soon being seduced
275
714000
3000
ali je ubrzo zaveden
12:12
by people on the Internet.
276
717000
2000
od ljudi na Internetu.
12:14
He was convicted of mortgage and credit card fraud,
277
719000
3000
Optužen je za hipotekarnu i kartičnu prijevaru,
12:17
and he will be released from Wormwood Scrubs jail in London
278
722000
3000
i biti će pušten iz Wormwood Scrubs zatvora u Londonu
12:20
in 2012.
279
725000
2000
2012. godine.
12:22
Matrix001,
280
727000
4000
Matrix001,
12:26
who was an administrator at DarkMarket.
281
731000
3000
bio je administrator u TamnomTržištu.
12:29
Born in Southern Germany
282
734000
2000
Rođen u južnoj Njemačkoj
12:31
to a stable and well-respected middle class family,
283
736000
2000
u stabilnu i visoko poštovanu obitelj srednjeg sloja,
12:33
his obsession with gaming as a teenager
284
738000
3000
njegova opsjednutost video igricama kao tinejdžera
12:36
led him to hacking.
285
741000
2000
odvela ga je do hakiranja.
12:38
And he was soon controlling huge servers around the world
286
743000
4000
I ubrzo je kontrolirao ogromne servere diljem svijeta
12:42
where he stored his games
287
747000
2000
gdje je pohranjivao svoje igre
12:44
that he had cracked and pirated.
288
749000
2000
koje je krekirao i bespravno presnimavao.
12:46
His slide into criminality
289
751000
2000
Njegov ulazak u kriminal
12:48
was incremental.
290
753000
2000
je bio inkrementalan.
12:50
And when he finally woke up to his situation
291
755000
3000
I kada je napokon postao svjestan svoje situacije
12:53
and understood the implications,
292
758000
2000
i shvatio implikacije,
12:55
he was already in too deep.
293
760000
3000
već je bio preduboko u tome.
12:58
Max Vision, aka ICEMAN --
294
763000
2000
Max Vision, ili ICEMAN --
13:00
mastermind of cardersMarket.
295
765000
2000
vrhovni um kartičnogTržišta.
13:02
Born in Meridian, Idaho.
296
767000
2000
Rođen u Meridianu, Idaho.
13:04
Max Vision was one of the best penetration testers
297
769000
4000
Max Vision je bio jedan od najboljih testera penetracije
13:08
working out of Santa Clara, California
298
773000
3000
koji je radio iz Santa Clare, Kalifornija,
13:11
in the late 90s for private companies
299
776000
2000
u kasnim 90-im za privatne kompanije
13:13
and voluntarily for the FBI.
300
778000
3000
i dobrovoljno za FBI.
13:16
Now in the late 1990s,
301
781000
2000
Sada, u kasnim 1990-im,
13:18
he discovered a vulnerability
302
783000
2000
otkrio je ranjivost
13:20
on all U.S. government networks,
303
785000
3000
na svim mrežama vlade SAD-a,
13:23
and he went in and patched it up --
304
788000
2000
i ušao je unutra i zakrpao ih --
13:25
because this included nuclear research facilities --
305
790000
4000
jer je to uključivalo postrojenja za istraživanje nuklearne energije --
13:29
sparing the American government
306
794000
2000
pošteđujući američku vladu
13:31
a huge security embarrassment.
307
796000
2000
velike sigurnosne sramote.
13:33
But also, because he was an inveterate hacker,
308
798000
3000
Ali ujedno, jer je bio okorjeli haker,
13:36
he left a tiny digital wormhole
309
801000
2000
ostavio je sićušan digitalni rupu
13:38
through which he alone could crawl.
310
803000
2000
kroz koju bi se on sam mogao provući.
13:40
But this was spotted by an eagle-eye investigator,
311
805000
3000
Ali to je primjetio istražitelj s okom sokolovim,
13:43
and he was convicted.
312
808000
2000
i bio je optužen.
13:45
At his open prison,
313
810000
2000
U svom otvorenom zatvoru,
13:47
he came under the influence of financial fraudsters,
314
812000
2000
došao je pod utjecaj financijskih prevaranata,
13:49
and those financial fraudsters
315
814000
2000
i ti financijski prevaranti
13:51
persuaded him to work for them
316
816000
2000
uvjerili su ga da radi za njih
13:53
on his release.
317
818000
2000
nakon njegova puštanja.
13:55
And this man with a planetary-sized brain
318
820000
3000
I taj čovjek s mozgom veličine planeta
13:58
is now serving a 13-year sentence
319
823000
2000
odležava sada 13-godišnju kaznu
14:00
in California.
320
825000
2000
u Kaliforniji.
14:02
Adewale Taiwo, aka FeddyBB --
321
827000
3000
Adewale Taiwo, ili FeddyBB --
14:05
master bank account cracker
322
830000
2000
majstor dešifiranja bankovnih računa
14:07
from Abuja in Nigeria.
323
832000
3000
iz Abuje u Nigeriji.
14:10
He set up his prosaically entitled newsgroup,
324
835000
3000
Postavio je svoju prozaično naslovljenu grupu,
14:13
bankfrauds@yahoo.co.uk
325
838000
5000
bankovneprijevare@yahoo.co.uk
14:18
before arriving in Britain
326
843000
2000
prije dolaska u Britaniju
14:20
in 2005
327
845000
2000
2005. godine
14:22
to take a Masters in chemical engineering
328
847000
2000
kako bi otišao na magisterij kemijskog inženjeringa
14:24
at Manchester University.
329
849000
2000
na Sveučilištu Manchester.
14:26
He impressed in the private sector,
330
851000
3000
On je impresionirao u privatnom sektoru,
14:29
developing chemical applications for the oil industry
331
854000
3000
razvijajući kemijske aplikacije za industriju nafte
14:32
while simultaneously running
332
857000
2000
dok je simultano vodio
14:34
a worldwide bank and credit card fraud operation that was worth millions
333
859000
3000
svjetsku operaciju bankovnih i kartičnih prijevara koja je bila vrijedna milijune
14:37
until his arrest in 2008.
334
862000
4000
sve do njegova uhićenja 2008. godine.
14:41
And then finally, Cagatay Evyapan,
335
866000
2000
I naposljetku, Cagatay Evyapan,
14:43
aka Cha0 --
336
868000
2000
ili Cha0 --
14:45
one of the most remarkable hackers ever,
337
870000
2000
jedan od najnevjerojatnijih hakera ikada,
14:47
from Ankara in Turkey.
338
872000
2000
iz Ankare u Turskoj.
14:49
He combined the tremendous skills of a geek
339
874000
3000
On je kombinirao ogromne vještine štrebera
14:52
with the suave social engineering skills
340
877000
4000
s ljubaznim vještinama društvenog inženjeringa
14:56
of the master criminal.
341
881000
3000
majstorskog kriminalca.
14:59
One of the smartest people I've ever met.
342
884000
3000
Jedan od najpametnijih ljudi koje sam ikada upoznao.
15:02
He also had the most effective
343
887000
2000
On je ujedno imao i najučinkovitiju
15:04
virtual private network security arrangement
344
889000
2000
virtualnu privatnu mrežu sigurnosti
15:06
the police have ever encountered
345
891000
2000
na koju je policija ikada naišla
15:08
amongst global cybercriminals.
346
893000
2000
među globalnim internetskim kriminalcima.
15:10
Now the important thing
347
895000
2000
Sada, važna stvar
15:12
about all of these people
348
897000
2000
o svim tim ljudima
15:14
is they share certain characteristics
349
899000
2000
je kako dijele određene karakteristike
15:16
despite the fact that they come from very different environments.
350
901000
4000
unatoč činjenici kako dolaze iz vrlo različitih okruženja.
15:20
They are all people who learned their hacking skills
351
905000
3000
To su sve ljudi koji su naučili svoje vještine hakiranja
15:23
in their early to mid-teens.
352
908000
3000
u svojim ranim i srednjim tinejdžerskim godinama.
15:26
They are all people
353
911000
2000
To su sve ljudi
15:28
who demonstrate advanced ability
354
913000
2000
koji pokazuju naprednu sposobnost
15:30
in maths and the sciences.
355
915000
3000
u matematici i znanostima.
15:33
Remember that, when they developed those hacking skills,
356
918000
2000
Upamtite, kada su razvili te vještine hakiranja,
15:35
their moral compass had not yet developed.
357
920000
4000
njihov moralni kompas još nije bio razvijen.
15:39
And most of them, with the exception of SCRIPT and Cha0,
358
924000
3000
I većina njih, uz inimku SCRIPT-a i Cha0-a,
15:42
they did not demonstrate
359
927000
4000
nisu demonstrirali
15:46
any real social skills in the outside world --
360
931000
3000
neke prave društvene vještine u vanjskom svijetu --
15:49
only on the Web.
361
934000
2000
samo na Internetu.
15:51
And the other thing is
362
936000
2000
A druga stvar je
15:53
the high incidence of hackers like these
363
938000
2000
visoka učestalost hakera poput ovih
15:55
who have characteristics which are consistent
364
940000
3000
koji imaju karakteristike koje su konzistentne
15:58
with Asperger's syndrome.
365
943000
3000
s Aspergerovim sindromom.
16:01
Now I discussed this
366
946000
2000
Sada, razgovarao sam o tome
16:03
with Professor Simon Baron-Cohen
367
948000
2000
s profesorom Simonom Baron-Cohenom
16:05
who's the professor of developmental psychopathology at Cambridge.
368
950000
4000
koji je profesor razvojne psihopatologije na Cambridgeu.
16:09
And he has done path-breaking work on autism
369
954000
4000
I on je napravio rad od iznimnog značaja za autizam
16:13
and confirmed, also for the authorities here,
370
958000
2000
i potvrdio, ujedno i za nadležne ovdje,
16:15
that Gary McKinnon --
371
960000
2000
kako Gary McKinnon --
16:17
who is wanted by the United States
372
962000
2000
koji je tražen od Sjedinjenih Država
16:19
for hacking into the Pentagon --
373
964000
2000
za hakiranje u Pentagon --
16:21
suffers from Asperger's
374
966000
2000
boluje od Aspergera
16:23
and a secondary condition
375
968000
2000
i drugog stupnja
16:25
of depression.
376
970000
2000
depresije.
16:27
And Baron-Cohen explained
377
972000
2000
I Baron-Cohen je objasnio
16:29
that certain disabilities
378
974000
2000
kako se određene poteškoće
16:31
can manifest themselves in the hacking and computing world
379
976000
3000
mogu manifestirati u svijetu hakiranja i računalstva
16:34
as tremendous skills,
380
979000
2000
kao ogromne vještine,
16:36
and that we should not be throwing in jail
381
981000
2000
i kako ne bismo smjeli bacati u zatvor
16:38
people who have such disabilities and skills
382
983000
3000
ljude s takvim poteškoćama i vještinama
16:41
because they have lost their way socially
383
986000
3000
jer su izgubili svoj društveni put
16:44
or been duped.
384
989000
2000
ili su bili nasamareni.
16:46
Now I think we're missing a trick here,
385
991000
3000
Mislim kako smo previdjeli jedan trik ovdje,
16:49
because I don't think people like Max Vision should be in jail.
386
994000
3000
jer mislim kako ljudi poput Max Visiona ne bi trebali biti u zatvoru.
16:52
And let me be blunt about this.
387
997000
2000
I dopustite mi da budem iskren o tome.
16:54
In China, in Russia and in loads of other countries
388
999000
3000
U Kini, Rusiji i hrpi drugih država
16:57
that are developing cyber-offensive capabilities,
389
1002000
3000
koje razvijaju sposobnosti internetskog napada,
17:00
this is exactly what they are doing.
390
1005000
2000
to je upravo ono što rade.
17:02
They are recruiting hackers
391
1007000
2000
One regrutiraju hakere
17:04
both before and after they become involved
392
1009000
3000
prije i nakon što postaju uključeni
17:07
in criminal and industrial espionage activities --
393
1012000
3000
u kriminalne i aktivnosti industrijske špijunaže --
17:10
are mobilizing them
394
1015000
2000
mobiliziraju ih
17:12
on behalf of the state.
395
1017000
2000
od strane države.
17:14
We need to engage
396
1019000
2000
Moramo se uključiti
17:16
and find ways of offering guidance
397
1021000
2000
i pronaći načine pružanja smjernica
17:18
to these young people,
398
1023000
2000
tim mladim ljudima,
17:20
because they are a remarkable breed.
399
1025000
2000
jer oni su nevjerojatna sorta.
17:22
And if we rely, as we do at the moment,
400
1027000
2000
I ako se oslanjamo, kao što to činimo sada,
17:24
solely on the criminal justice system
401
1029000
3000
isključivo na sustav kaznenog prava
17:27
and the threat of punitive sentences,
402
1032000
3000
i prijetnju kaznenim osudama,
17:30
we will be nurturing a monster we cannot tame.
403
1035000
3000
uzgajat ćemo čudovište koje ne možemo ukrotiti.
17:33
Thank you very much for listening.
404
1038000
2000
Hvala vam puno za slušanje.
17:35
(Applause)
405
1040000
13000
(Pljesak)
17:48
Chris Anderson: So your idea worth spreading
406
1053000
2000
Chris Anderson: Dakle, tvoja ideja koja je vrijedna širenja
17:50
is hire hackers.
407
1055000
2000
je unajmiti hakere.
17:52
How would someone get over that kind of fear
408
1057000
4000
Kako će netko prevladati strah
17:56
that the hacker they hire
409
1061000
2000
kako će hakeri koje unajme
17:58
might preserve that little teensy wormhole?
410
1063000
2000
možda zadržati malu, sićušnu crvotočinu?
18:00
MG: I think to an extent,
411
1065000
2000
MG: Mislim, do neke krajnosti,
18:02
you have to understand
412
1067000
2000
morate razumijeti
18:04
that it's axiomatic among hackers that they do that.
413
1069000
3000
kako je to aksiomatično kod hakera koji to rade.
18:07
They're just relentless and obsessive
414
1072000
3000
Oni su jednostavno nemilosrdni i opsjednuti
18:10
about what they do.
415
1075000
2000
time što rade.
18:12
But all of the people who I've spoken to
416
1077000
2000
Ali svi ljudi s kojima sam razgovarao,
18:14
who have fallen foul of the law,
417
1079000
2000
koji su završili onkraj zakona,
18:16
they have all said, "Please, please give us a chance
418
1081000
3000
svi su oni rekli, "Molim vas, molim vas, dajte nam šansu
18:19
to work in the legitimate industry.
419
1084000
3000
da radimo u legitimnoj industriji.
18:22
We just never knew how to get there, what we were doing.
420
1087000
3000
Mi jednostavno nikada nismo znali kako doći tamo, što radimo.
18:25
We want to work with you."
421
1090000
2000
Mi želimo raditi s vama".
18:27
Chris Anderson: Okay, well that makes sense. Thanks a lot Misha.
422
1092000
3000
Chris Anderson: U redu, to ima smisla. Puno ti hvala Misha.
18:30
(Applause)
423
1095000
3000
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigatorJournalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization.
Why you should listen
In minute detail, Misha Glenny's 2008 book McMafia illuminates the byzantine outlines of global organized crime. Whether it's pot smugglers in British Columbia, oil/weapons/people traffickers in Eastern Europe, Japanese yakuza or Nigerian scammers, to research this magisterial work Glenny penetrated the convoluted, globalized and franchised modern underworld -- often at considerable personal risk.
The book that resulted is an exhaustive look at an unseen industry that Glenny believes may account for 15% of the world's GDP.
Legal society ignores this world at its peril, but Glenny suggests that conventional law enforcement might not be able to combat a problem whose roots lie in global instability.
While covering the Central Europe beat for the Guardian and the BBC, Glenny wrote several acclaimed books on the fall of Yugoslavia and the rise of the Balkan nations. He's researching a new book on cybercrime, of which he says: "The key to cybercrime is what we call social engineering. Or to use the technical term for it, there's one born every minute."
Watch TED's exclusive video Q&A with Glenny: "Behind the Scenes of McMafia" >>
Misha Glenny | Speaker | TED.com