TED2010
Juliana Machado Ferreira: The fight to end rare-animal trafficking in Brazil
Juliana Machado Ferreira: Perjuangan untuk mengakhiri penyelundupan hewan langka di Brazil.
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Ahli biologi Juliana Machado Ferreira, seorang senior fellow TED, berbicara tentang pekerjaannya dalam membantu menyelamatkan burung dan hewan-hewan lainnya yang dicuri dari alam liar di Brazil. Setelah hewan-hewan ini disita dari para pencurinya, dia bertanya apa yang harus dilakukan kemudian?
Juliana Machado Ferreira - Biologist
Brazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio
Brazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Illegal wildlife trade in Brazil
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Perdagangan hewan liar ilegal di Brazil
00:19
is one of the major threats against our fauna,
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adalah salah satu ancaman terbesar terhadap fauna kita
00:22
especially birds,
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terutama burung-burung,
00:24
and mainly to supply the pet market
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yang terutama untuk memasok pasar hewan peliharaan
00:27
with thousands of animals taken from nature every month,
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di mana ribuan hewan diambil dari habitatnya setiap bulan,
00:31
and transported far from their origins,
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dan diangkut ke tempat yang jauh dari lingkungan asalnya
00:34
to be sold mainly in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
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untuk dijual, terutama di Rio de Janeiro dan São Paulo.
00:38
It is estimated that
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Diperkirakan bahwa
00:40
all kinds of illegal wildlife trade in Brazil
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semua jenis perdagangan hewan liar ilegal di Brazil
00:43
withdraw from nature
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yang diambil dari alam liar
00:45
almost 38 million animals every year,
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berjumlah hampir 38 juta hewan setiap tahunnya,
00:49
a business worth almost two billion dollars.
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bisnis yang bernilai hampir dua juta dolar.
00:53
The police intercepts
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Polisi menangkap
00:55
these huge cargos with live animals,
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kargo besar ini yang penuh dengan hewan hidup
00:58
intended to supply the pet market,
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untuk memasok pasar hewan peliharaan
01:01
or they seize the animals directly from the people's houses,
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atau mereka menyita hewan-hewan langsung dari rumah-rumah orang.
01:05
and this is how we end up, every month,
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Dan inilah bagaimana kami, setiap bulan,
01:08
with thousands of seized animals.
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terdampar dengan ribuan hewan sitaan.
01:12
And for us to understand what happens with them,
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Dan agar kita dapat memahami apa yang terjadi dengan hewan-hewan itu
01:14
we're going to follow Brad.
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kita akan mengikuti Brad.
01:18
In the eyes of many people,
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Di mata banyak orang,
01:20
after the animals are seized,
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setelah hewan-hewan ini disita,
01:22
they say, "Yay, justice has been served.
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mereka berkata, "Hore, keadilan telah ditegakkan.
01:25
The good guys arrived,
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Sang pahlawan telah tiba
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took the cute, mistreated animals
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mengambil hewan lucu yang teraniaya
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from the hands of the evil traffickers,
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dari tangan para pedagang jahat,
01:31
and everyone lived happily ever after."
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dan semuanya hidup bahagia selamanya."
01:36
But did they? Actually, no,
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Namun benarkah demikian? Sebenarnya tidak.
01:38
and this is where many of our problems begin.
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Dan di sinilah awal dari banyak masalah kami.
01:41
Because we have to figure out
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Karena kami harus memutuskan
01:43
what to do with all these animals.
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apa yang harus dilakukan dengan hewan-hewan ini.
01:46
In Brazil, they are usually first sent
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Di Brazil, hewan-hewan ini biasanya pertama-tama dikirim
01:48
to governmental triage facilities,
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ke fasilitas perawatan milik pemerintah
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in which most of the cases,
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di mana pada sebagian besar kasus
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the conditions are as bad as
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kondisinya sama buruknya dengan
01:55
with the traffickers.
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saat hewan-hewan itu bersama para pedagang ilegal.
01:57
In 2002, these centers received
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Pada 2002 tempat ini menerima
02:00
45,000 animals,
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45.000 hewan,
02:03
of which 37,000 were birds.
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di mana 37.000 di antaranya adalah burung.
02:06
And the police estimates that we seize
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Dan polisi memperkirakan bahwa kita hanya menyita
02:08
only five percent of what's being trafficked.
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lima persen dari seluruh hewan yang diperdagangkan.
02:12
Some lucky ones -- and among them, Brad --
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Beberapa hewan beruntung, dan salah satunya adalah Brad,
02:15
go to serious rehabilitation centers after that.
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dikirim ke pusat rehabilitasi serius setelah itu.
02:18
And in these places they are cared for.
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Di tempat ini hewan-hewan ini dirawat.
02:22
They train their flying,
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Burung-burung itu dilatih untuk terbang,
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they learn how to recognize the food they will find in nature,
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diajari cara mencari makan di alam liar.
02:27
and they are able to socialize
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Dan hewan-hewan ini dapat bersosialisasi
02:29
with others from the same species.
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dengan hewan-hewan sejenisnya.
02:31
(Laughter)
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(Tawa)
02:33
But then what?
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Namun kemudian?
02:35
The Brazil Ornithological Society --
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Komunitas Ornitologi Brazil,
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so now we're talking only birds --
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jadi sekarang kita hanya membahas tentang burung,
02:40
claims that we have too little knowledge
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menyatakan bahwa pengetahuan kita tentang spesies
02:43
about the species in nature.
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di alam terlalu sedikit.
02:45
Therefore, it would be too risky
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Sehingga akan menjadi sangat riskan
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to release these animals,
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untuk melepaskan hewan-hewan ini,
02:49
both for the released and for the natural populations.
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baik bagi pelepasannya maupun bagi populasinya di alam.
02:53
They also claim that we spend too many resources
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Mereka juga menyatakan kita menghabiskan terlalu banyak sumber daya
02:56
in their rehabilitation.
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dalam rehabilitasi hewan-hewan ini.
02:58
Following this argument,
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Berdasarkan argumen ini,
03:00
they suggest that all the birds
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mereka menyarankan semua burung sitaan
03:02
seized from non-threatened species
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dari spesies yang tidak terancam punah
03:05
should be euthanized.
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harus dimusnahkan.
03:07
However, this would mean having killed
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Namun, hal ini berarti kita membunuh
03:11
26,267 birds,
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26.267 ekor burung,
03:15
only in the state of São Paulo, only in 2006.
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hanya di negara bagian São Paulo, pada tahun 2006 saja.
03:20
But, some researchers, myself included --
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Namun, beberapa peneliti, termasuk saya sendiri,
03:24
some NGOs and some people from the Brazilian government --
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beberapa LSM dan beberapa orang dari pemerintah Brazil
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believe there is an alternative.
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percaya bahwa ada alternatif lain.
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We think that if and when the animals meet
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Kami berpikir jika dan saat hewan-hewan itu memenuhi
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certain criteria concerning their health,
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kriteria tertentu yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan
03:37
behavior, inferred origin
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perilaku, daerah asal,
03:39
and whatever we know about the natural populations,
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dan apapun yang kita ketahui tentang populasinya di alam,
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then technically responsible releases are possible,
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maka secara teknis melepaskan kembali ke alam dengan bertanggung jawab itu mungkin.
03:47
both for the well-being of the individual,
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Baik untuk kebaikan dari hewan itu sendiri
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and for the conservation of the species and their ecosystems,
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dan untuk perlindungan spesies itu dan ekosistemnya.
03:54
because we will be returning genes for these populations --
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Karena kita akan mengembalikan gen kembali ke alam
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which could be important for them
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yang mungkin penting bagi hewan-hewan ini
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in facing environmental challenges --
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dalam menghadapi tantangan alam.
04:03
and also we could be returning
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Dan juga kita dapat mengembalikan
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potential seed dispersers, predators, preys, etc.
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penyebar bibit-bibit potensial, hewan pemangsa, dan mangsanya, dan lain-lain.
04:11
All of these were released by us.
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Semua hewan in dilepaskan oleh kami.
04:13
On the top, the turtles are just enjoying freedom.
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Di bagian atas, kura-kura itu baru saja menikmati kebebasan.
04:15
(Laughter)
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(Tawa)
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On the middle,
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Di bagian tengah,
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this guy nested a couple of weeks after the release.
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hewan ini bersarang beberapa minggu setelah dilepaskan.
04:22
And on the bottom, my personal favorite,
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Dan di bagian bawah, favorit saya
04:25
the little male over there,
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pejantan kecil di sana
04:27
four hours after his release
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empat jam setelah dilepaskan
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he was together with a wild female.
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dia bersama dengan hewan liar betina.
04:33
So, this is not new, people have been
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Jadi, ini bukanlah hal baru, orang-orang telah
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doing this around the world.
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melakukan hal ini di seluruh dunia.
04:37
But it's still a big issue in Brazil.
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Namun hal ini masih menjadi isu besar di Brazil.
04:39
We believe we have performed
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Kami percaya kami telah melepaskan
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responsible releases.
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binatang-binatang ini secara bertanggung jawab.
04:43
We've registered released animals mating in nature
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Kami mencatat perkawinan hewan yang telah dibebaskan di alam,
04:47
and having chicks.
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dan menetaskan anak.
04:49
So, these genes are indeed going back to the populations.
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Jadi, gen-gen ini benar-benar kembali ke populasinya.
04:54
However this is still a minority
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Namun ini baru sebagian kecil
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for the very lack of knowledge.
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dari pengetahuan yang masih sangat kurang.
04:59
So, I say, "Let's study more, let's shed light on this issue,
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Jadi, saya mengajak marilah belajar lebih banyak, marilah mencari pencerahan tentang isu ini.
05:02
let's do whatever we can."
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marilah melakukan apapun yang kita bisa.
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I'm devoting my career to that.
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Saya mengabdikan karir saya untuk itu.
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And I'm here to urge each and every one of you
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Dan saya di sini untuk mengajak Anda semua
05:09
to do whatever is in your reach:
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untuk melakukan apapun yang Anda bisa,
05:11
Talk to your neighbor, teach your children,
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beritahu tetangga Anda, ajarkan anak-anak Anda,
05:14
make sure your pet is from a legal breeder.
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pastikan hewan peliharaan Anda bukan hewan curian.
05:17
We need to act, and act now,
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Kita harus bertindak, dan bertindak sekarang
05:20
before these ones are the only ones left.
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sebelum hewan-hewan ini menjadi satu-satunya yang tersisa.
05:23
Thank you very much.
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Terima kasih banyak.
05:25
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juliana Machado Ferreira - BiologistBrazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow.
Why you should listen
TED Senior Fellow Juliana Machado Ferreira is pursuing her doctorate in Conservation Genetics at the Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology and Vertebrate Conservation (LABEC) at São Paulo University. Her current project involves developing species-specific molecular markers and population genetics studies of four passerine birds, with the aim to understand the distribution of their genetic variability and to track down the origin of birds seized from illegal trade.
She works closely with the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory, and her ultimate goal is to help set up a Wildlife Forensics Laboratory in Brazil.
Juliana Machado Ferreira | Speaker | TED.com