TED2010
Juliana Machado Ferreira: The fight to end rare-animal trafficking in Brazil
Žulijana Mašado Fereira (Juliana Machado Ferreira): Borba za pobedu nad trgovinom retkim životinjama u Brazilu
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Biolog, Žulijana Mašado Fereira, TED Senior Fellow (senior stipendista), priča o svom radu kojim pomaže spašavanju ptica i drugih životinja koje su ukradene u divljinama Brazila. Ona se pita šta uraditi nakon preuzimanja ovih životinja od kradljivaca.
Juliana Machado Ferreira - Biologist
Brazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio
Brazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio
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00:15
Illegal wildlife trade in Brazil
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Nelegalna trgovina divljim životinjama u Brazilu
00:19
is one of the major threats against our fauna,
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je jedna od glavnih pretnji našoj fauni,
00:22
especially birds,
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a naročito pticama;
00:24
and mainly to supply the pet market
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a sve u cilju snabdevanja tržišta ljubimcima,
00:27
with thousands of animals taken from nature every month,
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hiljadama životinja koje su otete iz prirode svakog meseca,
00:31
and transported far from their origins,
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koje su premeštene daleko od svojih staništa,
00:34
to be sold mainly in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
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kako bi bile prodate uglavnom u Rio de Ženeiru i Sao Paulu.
00:38
It is estimated that
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Procenjeno je
00:40
all kinds of illegal wildlife trade in Brazil
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da krijumčari divljih životinja u Brazilu
00:43
withdraw from nature
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ukradu iz prirode
00:45
almost 38 million animals every year,
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skoro 38 miliona životinja svake godine,
00:49
a business worth almost two billion dollars.
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trgovina vredna skoro dve milijarde dolara godišnje.
00:53
The police intercepts
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Milicija presreta
00:55
these huge cargos with live animals,
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ove ogromne karavane sa divljim životinjama,
00:58
intended to supply the pet market,
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namenjene za prodaju na tržištu,
01:01
or they seize the animals directly from the people's houses,
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ili ih prosto preuzima od vlasnika
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and this is how we end up, every month,
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i nama svakog meseca stiže
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with thousands of seized animals.
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oko hiljadu preotetih životinja.
01:12
And for us to understand what happens with them,
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Pratićemo Bredovu priču
01:14
we're going to follow Brad.
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kako bismo razumeli šta se dešava sa njima.
01:18
In the eyes of many people,
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Mnogi ljudi misle
01:20
after the animals are seized,
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o preuzimanju životinja
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they say, "Yay, justice has been served.
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na ovaj način: "Juhu, pravda je pobedila.
01:25
The good guys arrived,
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Dobri momci su stigli i
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took the cute, mistreated animals
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preuzeli slatke, zlostavljane životinje
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from the hands of the evil traffickers,
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od krvavih ruku zlih krijumčara,
01:31
and everyone lived happily ever after."
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i sada će doveka živeti srećno."
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But did they? Actually, no,
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Ali da li je tako? U principu ne,
01:38
and this is where many of our problems begin.
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i u tome je koren mnogih problema.
01:41
Because we have to figure out
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Moramo da smislimo šta
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what to do with all these animals.
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da radimo sa tim životinjama.
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In Brazil, they are usually first sent
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U Brazilu se obično prvo pošalju
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to governmental triage facilities,
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do državnih stanica hitne pomoći,
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in which most of the cases,
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u kojima su u većini slučajeva uslovi
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the conditions are as bad as
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loši koliko i
01:55
with the traffickers.
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u krijumčarenju.
01:57
In 2002, these centers received
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U 2002. oko 45.000 životinja
02:00
45,000 animals,
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je dopremljeno u ove centre,
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of which 37,000 were birds.
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a od toga 37.000 ptica.
02:06
And the police estimates that we seize
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Milicija procenjuje da mi preuzmemo
02:08
only five percent of what's being trafficked.
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samo 5 odsto ukradenih životinja.
02:12
Some lucky ones -- and among them, Brad --
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Srećkovići, a među njima je i Bred,
02:15
go to serious rehabilitation centers after that.
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završe u ozbiljnim rehabilitacionim centrima nakon toga.
02:18
And in these places they are cared for.
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Zbrinuti su u ovim centrima.
02:22
They train their flying,
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Uče ih letenju,
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they learn how to recognize the food they will find in nature,
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uče ih kako da prepoznaju hranu koju će naći u prirodi
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and they are able to socialize
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i mogu da uspostave društvene kontakte
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with others from the same species.
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sa drugim primercima svoje vrste.
02:31
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:33
But then what?
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I šta onda?
02:35
The Brazil Ornithological Society --
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Ornitološko društvo Brazila,
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so now we're talking only birds --
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sada pričamo samo o pticama,
02:40
claims that we have too little knowledge
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smatra da ne znamo dovoljno
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about the species in nature.
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o vrstama u prirodi.
02:45
Therefore, it would be too risky
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Zato je previše rizično
02:47
to release these animals,
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i za puštene životinje i one iz divljine
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both for the released and for the natural populations.
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da budu puštene u prirodu.
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They also claim that we spend too many resources
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Takođe, tvrde da previše trošimo
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in their rehabilitation.
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na njihovu rehabilitaciju.
02:58
Following this argument,
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Na osnovu tog argumenta,
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they suggest that all the birds
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oni predlažu da sve spašene ptice
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seized from non-threatened species
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koje ne pripadaju ugroženim vrstama
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should be euthanized.
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treba uspavati.
03:07
However, this would mean having killed
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Međutim, to znači da bismo samo u Sao Paulu,
03:11
26,267 birds,
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samo u 2006. ubili
03:15
only in the state of São Paulo, only in 2006.
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26.267 ptica.
03:20
But, some researchers, myself included --
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Ali, pojedini istraživači, uključujući i mene,
03:24
some NGOs and some people from the Brazilian government --
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neke NVO i određeni ljudi u vladi Brazila
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believe there is an alternative.
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veruju da postoji druga mogućnost.
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We think that if and when the animals meet
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Smatramo da ukoliko i kada su ispunjeni
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certain criteria concerning their health,
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određeni uslovi koji se tiču zdravlja životinja,
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behavior, inferred origin
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ponašanja, utvrđenog mesto porekla,
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and whatever we know about the natural populations,
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kao i znanja o njihovoj prirodnoj populaciji,
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then technically responsible releases are possible,
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tada je tehnički odgovorno oslobađanje moguće,
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both for the well-being of the individual,
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što je dobro i za samu životinju
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and for the conservation of the species and their ecosystems,
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i za očuvanje vrsta i njihovih ekosistema,
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because we will be returning genes for these populations --
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jer na taj način vraćamo gene u fond te populacije,
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which could be important for them
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a to može biti veoma značajno
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in facing environmental challenges --
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za prilagođavanje novim uslovima sredine.
04:03
and also we could be returning
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Takođe, možda time vraćamo u stanište
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potential seed dispersers, predators, preys, etc.
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moguće raznosače semenja, predatore, žrtve, itd.
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All of these were released by us.
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Sve ove životinje smo mi pustili u prirodu.
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On the top, the turtles are just enjoying freedom.
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Na vrhu ekrana, kornjače uživaju u slobodi.
04:15
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:17
On the middle,
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U sredini,
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this guy nested a couple of weeks after the release.
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ovaj majušan je napravio gnezdo nekoliko nedelja nakon puštanja.
04:22
And on the bottom, my personal favorite,
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U donjem delu vidite mog ljubimca,
04:25
the little male over there,
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mali mužjak tamo,
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four hours after his release
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nakon samo 4 sata od puštanja u prirodu,
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he was together with a wild female.
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on je našao svoju partnerku iz divljine.
04:33
So, this is not new, people have been
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Ovo nije ništa novo, ljudi
04:35
doing this around the world.
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rade ovo širom sveta.
04:37
But it's still a big issue in Brazil.
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To je i dalje veliki problem u Brazilu.
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We believe we have performed
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Verujemo da smo uvek činili
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responsible releases.
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odgovorna otpuštanja.
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We've registered released animals mating in nature
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Vodimo evidenciju o mladuncima otpuštenih životinja
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and having chicks.
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začetim nakon njihovog oslobađanja.
04:49
So, these genes are indeed going back to the populations.
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Tako da su ovi geni zaista vraćeni u genetski fond populacije.
04:54
However this is still a minority
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Ovo je i dalje samo mali deo svega,
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for the very lack of knowledge.
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jer nismo dovoljno obavešteni.
04:59
So, I say, "Let's study more, let's shed light on this issue,
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Poručujem: "Izučavajmo više, rasvetlimo ovaj problem,
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let's do whatever we can."
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uradimo sve što možemo."
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I'm devoting my career to that.
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Svoju karijeru sam posvetila tome.
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And I'm here to urge each and every one of you
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Ovde sam kako bih svakog od vas podstakla
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to do whatever is in your reach:
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da uradite sve što možete:
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Talk to your neighbor, teach your children,
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obratite se svojim komšijama, obrazujte svoju decu,
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make sure your pet is from a legal breeder.
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zasigurno utvrdite da je vaš ljubimac legalno dopremljen.
05:17
We need to act, and act now,
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Treba da krenemo u akciju, i to odmah,
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before these ones are the only ones left.
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pre nego što ovi primerci postanu i poslednji.
05:23
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
05:25
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juliana Machado Ferreira - BiologistBrazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow.
Why you should listen
TED Senior Fellow Juliana Machado Ferreira is pursuing her doctorate in Conservation Genetics at the Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology and Vertebrate Conservation (LABEC) at São Paulo University. Her current project involves developing species-specific molecular markers and population genetics studies of four passerine birds, with the aim to understand the distribution of their genetic variability and to track down the origin of birds seized from illegal trade.
She works closely with the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory, and her ultimate goal is to help set up a Wildlife Forensics Laboratory in Brazil.
Juliana Machado Ferreira | Speaker | TED.com