TED2010
Juliana Machado Ferreira: The fight to end rare-animal trafficking in Brazil
Juliana Machado Ferreira：打击巴西稀有动物走私
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生物学家Juliana Machado Ferreira是一位TED Fellow。于此演讲中，她讲述了她是如何保护那些被掠走的动物。当这些动物被救援以后，她则询问：“我们该怎么办？”
Juliana Machado Ferreira - Biologist
Brazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio
Brazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Illegal wildlife trade in Brazil
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非法野生动物买卖
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is one of the major threats against our fauna,
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是危害巴西动物的主要威胁，
00:22
especially birds,
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尤其是鸟类的买卖，
00:24
and mainly to supply the pet market
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它主要供应给宠物市场。
00:27
with thousands of animals taken from nature every month,
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每个月都有上千的动物从大自然中被掠走，
00:31
and transported far from their origins,
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然后被卖到远离故栖的地方，
00:34
to be sold mainly in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
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它们主要被卖至里约热内卢和圣保罗。
00:38
It is estimated that
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据估计
00:40
all kinds of illegal wildlife trade in Brazil
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巴西的各种非法野生动物买卖
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withdraw from nature
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每年会从大自然中掠走
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almost 38 million animals every year,
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大约3千8百万只动物，
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a business worth almost two billion dollars.
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总价值在20亿美元左右。
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The police intercepts
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警察拦截住
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these huge cargos with live animals,
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那些装着活生生动物的货物
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intended to supply the pet market,
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那些货物本是用于供应宠物市场的
01:01
or they seize the animals directly from the people's houses,
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或是直接从那些人家里把动物救出来。
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and this is how we end up, every month,
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我们就是这样每个月
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with thousands of seized animals.
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拯救成千的被抓走的动物。
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And for us to understand what happens with them,
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对于发生在动物身上的事，我们可以
01:14
we're going to follow Brad.
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跟着Brad来理解。
01:18
In the eyes of many people,
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在许多人的眼里，
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after the animals are seized,
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在动物被救走后，
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they say, "Yay, justice has been served.
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他们会说，“耶，正义得到了声张。
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The good guys arrived,
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（他们认为）会有好心人
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took the cute, mistreated animals
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带走这些可爱的，受到不公待遇的动物
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from the hands of the evil traffickers,
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从那些罪恶的走私者手中拯救了它们
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and everyone lived happily ever after."
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之后大家都幸福的生活着。"
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But did they? Actually, no,
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但是事实呢？ 其实不是这样的。
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and this is where many of our problems begin.
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这其实是许多问题的开端。
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Because we have to figure out
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因为我们必须要知道
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what to do with all these animals.
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要怎么处理这些动物
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In Brazil, they are usually first sent
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在巴西，它们通常是最先运给
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to governmental triage facilities,
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政府的分类设施中心的，
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in which most of the cases,
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在大部分的情况下，
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the conditions are as bad as
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在分类设施中心中的处境
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with the traffickers.
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与在走私者处一样糟糕。
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In 2002, these centers received
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在2002年，这些中心收到了
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45,000 animals,
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45000只动物。
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of which 37,000 were birds.
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其中，有37000只是鸟类。
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And the police estimates that we seize
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据估计，警察们拯救了
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only five percent of what's being trafficked.
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被走私鸟类总额的5%。
02:12
Some lucky ones -- and among them, Brad --
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它们中有以一些幸运儿，比如Brad
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go to serious rehabilitation centers after that.
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在获救后去了康复中心
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And in these places they are cared for.
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在那里，它们受到了精心照顾。
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They train their flying,
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它们被训练如何飞行。
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they learn how to recognize the food they will find in nature,
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学习如何在大自然中识别食物。
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and they are able to socialize
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另外，它们也学着社交，
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with others from the same species.
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与同一类的其它个体进行交往。
02:31
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:33
But then what?
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但是后来呢？
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The Brazil Ornithological Society --
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巴西野鸟协会，
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so now we're talking only birds --
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因为我们现在仅是在讲鸟，
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claims that we have too little knowledge
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这一学会说我们知道的知识太少
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about the species in nature.
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对于这些自然的物种我们知道的太少。
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Therefore, it would be too risky
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因此，如果放走这些动物的话
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to release these animals,
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会太冒险，
02:49
both for the released and for the natural populations.
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对于被放走的鸟和自然中本身的鸟都太冒险。
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They also claim that we spend too many resources
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这一学会也说，我们浪费了太多的资源
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in their rehabilitation.
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在它们的康复上。
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Following this argument,
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针对这一说法，
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they suggest that all the birds
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他们认为全部鸟类
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seized from non-threatened species
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获救后，如果是来自非受威胁的种类
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should be euthanized.
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应被执行安乐死。
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However, this would mean having killed
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但是，这就意味着
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26,267 birds,
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26267只鸟将会死亡，
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only in the state of São Paulo, only in 2006.
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这仅在2006年的圣保罗。
03:20
But, some researchers, myself included --
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但是，一些学术研究者，包括我自己，
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some NGOs and some people from the Brazilian government --
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还有一些非政府组织和一些来自巴西政府的人
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believe there is an alternative.
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都相信还有别的办法。
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We think that if and when the animals meet
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我们认为，如果当动物们符合
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certain criteria concerning their health,
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一些健康标准，
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behavior, inferred origin
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行为，推测出的出生地，
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and whatever we know about the natural populations,
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以及任何我们所知的关于自然中的动物的标准时，
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then technically responsible releases are possible,
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技术上来说，将它们负责的释放是可能的。
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both for the well-being of the individual,
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不仅是对于个体的幸福安康，
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and for the conservation of the species and their ecosystems,
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也是对物种和生态系统的保护。
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because we will be returning genes for these populations --
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因为我们将这些物种的血统保留下来了，
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which could be important for them
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这对于它们来说十分重要，
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in facing environmental challenges --
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尤其在面临环境方面的挑战时。
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and also we could be returning
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同时我们也会
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potential seed dispersers, predators, preys, etc.
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将潜在的种子传播者，掠夺者，掠夺品等都放回自然。
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All of these were released by us.
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这些都是我们释放（到大自然）的动物。
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On the top, the turtles are just enjoying freedom.
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最上面，乌龟正享受着自由。
04:15
(Laughter)
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中间的照片是一只鸟，
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On the middle,
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在释放后的几周，这只鸟就筑好了巢。
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this guy nested a couple of weeks after the release.
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最底下是我最喜欢的动物，
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And on the bottom, my personal favorite,
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这只雄鸟，
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the little male over there,
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于他释放后的4小时
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four hours after his release
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就找到了一个雌性伴侣。
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he was together with a wild female.
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所以，这已经不是新鲜事了，
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So, this is not new, people have been
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全世界的人都在这么做。
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doing this around the world.
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但在巴西，这仍是一件大事。
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But it's still a big issue in Brazil.
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我们认为，我们采取了
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We believe we have performed
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负责的释放。
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responsible releases.
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我们记录下了那些被我们释放且于自然中进行交配的动物，
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We've registered released animals mating in nature
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它们都有了小雏鸟。
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and having chicks.
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所以，这些动物的确是要回到自然中去的。
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So, these genes are indeed going back to the populations.
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尽管这仅仅还是少数
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However this is still a minority
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因为我们在这方面的知识太少。
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for the very lack of knowledge.
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所以，让我们多学一点，让我们多关注这件事情。
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So, I say, "Let's study more, let's shed light on this issue,
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让我们尽我们所能。
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let's do whatever we can."
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我正在以此作为我的事业。
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I'm devoting my career to that.
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我在这你呼吁在座的每一位
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And I'm here to urge each and every one of you
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都要尽你们所能，
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to do whatever is in your reach:
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告诉你们的邻居，教育你们的小孩，
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Talk to your neighbor, teach your children,
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确保你们的宠物来自合法途径。
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make sure your pet is from a legal breeder.
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我们要行动起来，现在就要开始行动，
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We need to act, and act now,
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在这些动物灭绝之前。
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before these ones are the only ones left.
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非常感谢.
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Thank you very much.
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（掌声）
05:25
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juliana Machado Ferreira - BiologistBrazilian-born biologist Juliana Machado Ferreira wants, simply, to save the world one bird at a time. She is a TED Senior Fellow.
Why you should listen
TED Senior Fellow Juliana Machado Ferreira is pursuing her doctorate in Conservation Genetics at the Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology and Vertebrate Conservation (LABEC) at São Paulo University. Her current project involves developing species-specific molecular markers and population genetics studies of four passerine birds, with the aim to understand the distribution of their genetic variability and to track down the origin of birds seized from illegal trade.
She works closely with the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory, and her ultimate goal is to help set up a Wildlife Forensics Laboratory in Brazil.
Juliana Machado Ferreira | Speaker | TED.com