Giada Gerboni: The incredible potential of flexible, soft robots
ジアーダ・ゲルボーニ: しなやかで柔軟性を持つロボットの驚くべき可能性
Giada Gerboni works in surgical robotics, supporting surgeons with new flexible robotic devices in order to make once impossible operations a reality. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
with minimal error,
最小限の誤りで行いますが
to watch them at work.
out of the factories,
工場から持ち出した場合です
perfectly known and measured like here,
わかっておらず 計測されていない場合
which doesn't require much precision,
単純作業をする時でさえ
you don't require much precision.
それほど精度は必要ありません
most of the time.
to emphasize speed and precision,
重視して設計され
into a very specific architecture.
製作されてきました
剛体リンクと
set of rigid links
モーターからなり
measure your environment,
program every movement
can generate a very large fault,
何かを壊したり
or you can get your robot damaged
ロボット自体が
about the brains of these robots
このようなロボットの頭脳についてとか
something wrong with it,
precise and strong
and ineffective in the real world,
滑稽なほど危険で非効率的なものになるからです
with the real world.
調節したりできないからです
考えてみましょう
anything else around you.
柔らかくするのです
really able to do anything if you're soft,
思ってしまうかもしれません
of hydrostatic pressure,
with a much stiffer object than him.
扱ったりできます
this coconut shell
運んでいますが
of his tentacles,
an octopus can also open a jar.
ビンの蓋も開けられます
just by the brain of this animal,
できるのはタコの脳だけでなく
maybe the clearest example,
「身体化された知性」の
that all living organisms have.
すべての生物が持っているものです
material and structure,
during a physical task,
基礎的な役割を果たします
適応できるからであり
variety of situations
or calculations ahead.
うまく対応できるのです
some of this embodied intelligence
on excessive work
the strategy of nature,
倣えばいいでしょう
she's done a pretty good job
for environment interaction.
成功しているからです
uses soft material frequently
採り入れる例は多く見られますが
in this new field or robotics,
新しい分野で行われることで
is not to make super-precise machines,
超精密なロボットを
unexpected situations in the real world,
それを乗り切れるロボットを
is first of all its compliant body,
まずボディーに柔軟性を持たせます
that can undergo very large deformations,
材料や構造によって作るので
we use what we call distributed actuation,
分散型駆動を使う事で
the shape of this very deformable body,
連続的に制御しなければなりません
of having a lot of links and joints,
同じ効果を得られますが
any stiff structure at all.
a soft robot is a very different process
where you have links, gears, screws
硬いロボットを作る—
in a very defined way.
your actuator from scratch
特定の入力に反応するような
to a certain input.
you can just deform a structure
with rigid links and joints,
変形することが必要な構造を
some cool examples of soft robots.
成功例をいくつか見てみましょう
developed at Harvard University,
キュートなロボットで
of pressure applied along its body,
与えることで動き
he can also sneak under a low bridge,
低い障害物をくぐることができ
a little bit different afterwards.
with power on board
バージョンも作りました
and face real-world interactions
実世界で動かすことができます
like a real fish does in water
現実の魚と同じように泳ぎますが
with distributed actuation
分散型の動作機構を持つ
タコロボットです
of the first projects
of soft robots.
with several tentacles
ロボットも作りました
and do submarine exploration
探査しているように見えます
than rigid robots would do.
environments, such as coral reefs.
デリケートな環境ではとても重要になります
by my colleagues in Stanford.
成長するロボットの映像です
it grows from the tip,
先端部から伸びていき
in firm contact with the environment.
by plants, not animals,
植物から発想を得ました
in a similar manner
variety of situations.
対応することができます
I like the most
a closer interaction with the human body
身体の内部に入ることこそ
a minimally invasive procedure.
very helpful with the surgeon,
外科医の役に立つでしょう
and straight instruments,
まっすぐな器具とともに人体に入る必要があり
with very delicate structures
予測できない環境で
inside the surgical field
if you use a rigid stick,
剛体の棒を使うのは
soft camera robot for surgery,
柔らかいカメラロボットを開発しました
from a classic endoscope,
to the flexibility of the module
and also elongate.
伸ばすこともできます
to see what they were doing
他の機器の状況を
from different points of view,
外科医が実際に使用しました
about what was touched around.
気を配る必要がありません
not a real human body.
inside your body.
can even be done using a single needle,
外科手術ができる場合がありますが
on a very flexible needle,
柔軟な針を開発中です
to use the interaction with the tissues
実質臓器の内部で舵を取って進むよう
many different targets, such as tumors,
実質臓器の奥深くにある様々な対象に
the structure that you want to avoid
exciting time for robotics.
ワクワクするような時代です
with soft structures,
扱わねばならないロボットは
and very challenging questions
新たな難問を投げかけています
to learn how to control,
柔軟な構造にどうセンサーを
on these very flexible structures.
研究を始めたところです
to what nature figured out
自然が見出したものに
より安全なものになり
なっていくでしょう
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Giada Gerboni - Biomedical engineerGiada Gerboni works in surgical robotics, supporting surgeons with new flexible robotic devices in order to make once impossible operations a reality.
Why you should listen
Giada Gerboni is a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford University, in the Collaborative Haptics and Robotics in Medicine (CHARM) Lab. Gerboni is working on the design and control of needle-sized flexible robots, work that aims to improve current percutaneous tumor ablation procedures. As she says: "One of the most exciting parts of this research is to enable surgical operations in ways that, not long ago, had not yet been conceived."
Gerboni received BE and MS degrees in biomedical engineering from the University of Pisa and a PhD in biorobotics from The BioRobotics Institute of Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa, Italy. During her PhD, she specialized in surgical robotics, studying and developing innovative strategies for the actuation and sensing of soft and flexible instruments for applications in MIS (Minimally Invasive Surgery).
A new branch of robotics, called "soft robotics," is expanding the boundaries of robotic applications. Soft robotics faces the grand challenge of increasing the capabilities of robots to make them more suitable for physical interactions with the real world. It involves use of soft and flexible materials, deformable sensors and very different control strategies than traditional robots, which are designed to work in well-defined and confined environments. Gerboni has been involved in this field from the time of her PhD, and since then she has been exploring its potential in the medical/surgical area, where safe robot-environment interaction is crucial.
Giada Gerboni | Speaker | TED.com