TEDGlobal 2010
Patrick Chappatte: The power of cartoons
Patrick Chappatte: Sila karikatúr
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V spleti vtipných poznámok, Patrick Chappatte uštipačne poukazuje na silu jednoduchej karikatúry. Jeho projekty v Libanone, západnej Afrike a Gaze ukazujú, ako možno s ceruzkou v správnych rukách objasniť vážne problémy a spojiť rôznych ľudí.
Patrick Chappatte - Editorial cartoonist
Using clean, simple pencil strokes, editorial cartoonist Patrick Chappatte wields globally literate and to-the-point humor on world events -- the tragic, the farcical and the absurd. Full bio
Using clean, simple pencil strokes, editorial cartoonist Patrick Chappatte wields globally literate and to-the-point humor on world events -- the tragic, the farcical and the absurd. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
So yeah, I'm a newspaper cartoonist --
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Áno, som novinový karikaturista --
00:18
political cartoonist.
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politický karikaturista.
00:20
I don't know if you've heard about it -- newspapers?
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Neviem, či ste počuli o -- novinách?
00:23
It's a sort of paper-based reader.
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Je to čosi také ako čítačka ale na papieri.
00:26
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
00:29
It's lighter than an iPad,
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Je to ľahšie než iPad.
00:31
it's a bit cheaper.
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O čosi lacnejšie.
00:34
You know what they say?
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Viete čo sa vraví?
00:36
They say the print media is dying --
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Že vraj printové média zomierajú.
00:39
who says that? Well, the media.
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Kto to vraví? No médiá.
00:42
But this is no news, right?
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Ale to nie je žiadna novinka, že?
00:45
You've read about it already.
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Už ste o tom čítali.
00:48
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
00:53
Ladies and gentlemen,
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Dámy a páni,
00:55
the world has gotten smaller.
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svet sa zmenšil.
00:57
I know it's a cliche, but look,
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Viem, že je to klišé, ale pozrite sa,
01:00
look how small,
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pozrite sa aký je malý,
01:03
how tiny it has gotten.
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ako sa zmenšil.
01:05
And you know the reason why, of course.
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A viete prečo, samozrejme.
01:07
This is because of technology -- yeah.
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Vďaka technológii. Áno.
01:10
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
01:13
Any computer designers in the room?
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Sú nejakí počítačoví dizajnéri v tejto miestnosti?
01:17
Yeah well,
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Ale sú,
01:19
you guys are making my life miserable
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no a vy robíte môj život mizerným,
01:22
because track pads used to be round,
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pretože trackpady bývali okrúhle,
01:24
a nice round shape.
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pekne okrúhle.
01:26
That makes a good cartoon.
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To umožňuje peknú karikatúru.
01:28
But what are you going to do with a flat track pad,
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Ale čo spravíte s plochým trackpadom,
01:30
those square things?
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s tými štvorcovými vecami?
01:32
There's nothing I can do as a cartoonist.
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Ja ako karikaturista nemôžem spraviť nič.
01:34
Well, I know the world is flat now.
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Viem, že celý svet je dnes plochý.
01:37
That's true.
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To je pravda.
01:38
And the Internet has reached
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A internet sa dostal
01:40
every corner of the world,
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do každého kúta sveta,
01:42
the poorest, the remotest places.
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najchudobnejšieho, najvzdialenejšieho.
01:44
Every village in Africa now has a cyber cafe.
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Každá dedina v Afrike má dnes internetovú kaviareň.
01:49
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
01:55
Don't go asking for a Frappuccino there.
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Neskúšajte si tam však objednať Frapuccino.
01:59
So we are bridging the digital divide.
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Takže darí sa nám spájať digitálne rozdiely,
02:02
The Third World is connected,
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Tretí svet je pripojený.
02:04
we are connected.
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My sme pripojení.
02:06
And what happens next?
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A čo ďalej?
02:08
Well, you've got mail.
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No, máte email.
02:13
Yeah.
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Áno.
02:15
Well, the Internet has empowered us.
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Internet nám dáva silu.
02:18
It has empowered you,
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Dáva silu vám,
02:20
it has empowered me
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dáva silu mne,
02:22
and it has empowered some other guys as well.
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a istým ďalším ľuďom tiež.
02:26
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:31
You know, these last two cartoons --
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Viete, tie posledné dve karikatúry,
02:33
I did them live
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robil som ich naživo
02:35
during a conference in Hanoi.
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počas konferencie v Hanoji.
02:37
And they were not used to that
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Na to v komunistickom Vietname 2.0
02:40
in communist 2.0 Vietnam.
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neboli zvyknutí.
02:43
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:45
So I was cartooning live on a wide screen --
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Kreslil som naživo na širokouhlej obrazovke --
02:48
it was quite a sensation --
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bola to senzácia --
02:50
and then this guy came to me.
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a potom jeden chlapík ku mne prišiel.
02:52
He was taking pictures of me and of my sketches,
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Fotografoval mňa a moje kresby,
02:54
and I thought, "This is great, a Vietnamese fan."
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a pomyslel som si: 'Super, vietnamský fanúšik.'
02:58
And as he came the second day,
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A keď prišiel na druhý deň,
03:00
I thought, "Wow, that's really a cartoon lover."
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pomyslel som si, 'Wow, ten musí byť skutočný milovník karikatúry.'
03:03
And on the third day, I finally understood,
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A na tretí deň mi to konečne došlo,
03:05
the guy was actually on duty.
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ten chlapík bol v skutočnosti v službe.
03:09
So by now, there must be a hundred pictures of me
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Takže dnes už musí existovať stovka obrázkov
03:11
smiling with my sketches
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na ktorých sa usmievam pri mojich karikatúrach
03:13
in the files of the Vietnamese police.
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v dokumentoch vietnamskej polície.
03:16
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:18
No, but it's true: the Internet has changed the world.
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Ale vážne, je to pravda: Internet zmenil svet.
03:21
It has rocked the music industry;
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Otriasol hudobným priemyslom,
03:23
it has changed the way we consume music.
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zmenil spôsob akým hudbu konzumujeme
03:25
For those of you old enough to remember,
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Pre starších, aby sa rozpamätali:
03:27
we used to have to go to the store
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museli sme chodievať do obchodu
03:29
to steal it.
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aby sme ju ukradli.
03:31
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:35
And it has changed the way
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A takisto to zmenilo spôsob
03:37
your future employer
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akým sa váš budúci zamestnávateľ
03:39
will look at your application.
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pozerá na vašu žiadosť o prácu.
03:41
So be careful
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Takže buďte opatrní
03:43
with that Facebook account --
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s vašim profilom na Facebooku.
03:46
your momma told you, be careful.
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Vaša mama vám povedala, buď opatrný.
03:50
And technology has set us free --
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A technológia nás oslobodila.
03:54
this is free WiFi.
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Toto je WiFi zdarma
03:56
But yeah, it has liberated us
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ale áno, oslobodilo nás to
03:58
from the office desk.
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od kancelárskych stolov.
04:01
This is your life,
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Toto je váš život.
04:04
enjoy it.
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Užívajte si ho.
04:06
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:09
In short, technology, the internet,
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V skratke, technológia, internet,
04:12
they have changed our lifestyle.
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menia náš životný štýl,
04:15
Tech guru, like this man --
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Tech guru, ako tento muž --
04:17
that a German magazine called the philosopher of the 21st century --
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ktorého nemecký magazín nazval filozofom 21. storočia --
04:20
they are shaping the way we do things.
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určujú spôsob akým konáme.
04:22
They are shaping the way we consume.
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Určujú spôsob akým spotrebúvame.
04:24
They are shaping our very desires.
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Určujú naše prvotné túžby.
04:27
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:31
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
04:38
You will not like it.
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Nebude sa vám to páčiť.
04:42
And technology has even changed
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A technológia dokonca zmenila
04:44
our relationship to God.
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náš vzťah k Bohu.
04:47
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:53
Now I shouldn't get into this.
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Nemal by som do toho zabŕdať.
04:55
Religion and political cartoons,
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Náboženstvo a politické karikatúry,
04:57
as you may have heard,
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ako ste už možno počuli,
04:59
make a difficult couple,
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spolu nevychádzajú
05:01
ever since that day of 2005,
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počnúc jedným dňom v roku 2005,
05:03
when a bunch of cartoonists in Denmark
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kedy skupinka karikaturistov v Dánsku
05:05
drew cartoons that had repercussions all over the world --
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nakreslila karikatúry, ktoré mali ohlas po celom svete,
05:08
demonstrations, fatwa,
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demonštrácie, fatwa.
05:10
they provoked violence. People died in the violence.
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Vyprovokovali násilie. Ľudia zomierali počas násilností.
05:13
This was so sickening;
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Bolo to ohavné
05:15
people died because of cartoons.
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Ľudia zomierali pre karikatúry.
05:19
I mean --
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Podľa mňa --
05:23
I had the feeling at the time
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teda mal som vtedy pocit
05:25
that cartoons had been used by both sides, actually.
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že karikatúry boli použité obidvoma stranami.
05:28
They were used first by a Danish newspaper,
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Boli použité najprv dánskymi novinami,
05:30
which wanted to make a point on Islam.
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ktoré chceli vykresliť istú stránku Islamu.
05:32
A Danish cartoonist told me he was one of the 24
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Dánsky karikaturista mi povedal, že bol jedným z 24-och
05:35
who received the assignment to draw the prophet --
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ktorí obdržali úlohu, aby nakreslili proroka.
05:37
12 of them refused. Did you know that?
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12 z nich odmietlo. Vedeli ste o tom?
05:40
He told me, "Nobody has to tell me what I should draw.
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Povedal mi, "Nikto mi nebude hovoriť, čo mám kresliť.
05:43
This is not how it works."
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To nie je spôsob akým to funguje."
05:45
And then, of course, they were used
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A potom ich samozrejme využili
05:47
by extremists and politicians on the other side.
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extrémisti a politici na druhej strane.
05:50
They wanted to stir up controversy.
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Chceli vyvolať kontroverziu.
05:52
You know the story.
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Ale veď poznáte ten príbeh.
05:55
We know that cartoons can be used as weapons.
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Vieme, že karikatúry môžu byť použité ako zbraň.
05:58
History tells us,
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História nám potvrdzuje,
06:00
they've been used by the Nazis
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boli použité Nacistami
06:02
to attack the Jews.
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na atak voči Židom.
06:04
And here we are now.
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A teraz sme tu.
06:06
In the United Nations,
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V OSN,
06:08
half of the world is pushing
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polovica sveta pretláča to
06:11
to penalize the offense to religion --
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aby sa penalizovali urážky voči náboženstvu --
06:13
they call it the defamation of religion --
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nazývajú to hanobenie náboženstva --
06:15
while the other half of the world is fighting back
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zatiaľ čo druhá polovica bojuje proti tomu
06:17
in defense of freedom of speech.
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v mene ochrany slobody prejavu.
06:20
So the clash of civilizations is here,
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Teda zrážka civilizácií je tu,
06:22
and cartoons are at the middle of it?
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a karikatúry sú jej stredobodom?
06:26
This got me thinking.
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To ma prinútilo rozmýšľať.
06:29
Now you see me thinking
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Teraz ma vidíte premýšľať
06:31
at my kitchen table,
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pri mojom kuchynskom stole.
06:33
and since you're in my kitchen,
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A keď už ste v mojej kuchyni,
06:35
please meet my wife.
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predstavujem vám moju manželku.
06:37
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
06:43
In 2006, a few months after,
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V 2006, pár mesiacov potom
06:46
I went Ivory Coast --
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som šiel na Pobrežie Slonoviny --
06:48
Western Africa.
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v západnej Afrike.
06:50
Now, talk of a divided place -- the country was cut in two.
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Hovorme o rozdelenom mieste. Krajina bola rozdelená na dve.
06:53
You had a rebellion in the North,
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Na severe boli rebeli,
06:55
the government in the South -- the capital, Abidjan --
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vláda na juhu -- v hlavnom meste Abidjan --
06:57
and in the middle, the French army.
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a v strede, francúzska armáda.
07:00
This looks like a giant hamburger.
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Vyzerá to ako obrovský hamburger.
07:02
You don't want to be the ham in the middle.
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Nechceli by ste byť tou šunkou v strede.
07:07
I was there to report on that story
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Bol som tam, aby som referoval o tomto príbehu
07:09
in cartoons.
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prostredníctvom karikatúr.
07:11
I've been doing this for the last 15 years;
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Robím to už 15 rokov.
07:14
it's my side job, if you want.
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Je to môj vedľajší job, ak chcete.
07:16
So you see the style is different.
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Takže vidíte ten štýl je iný.
07:18
This is more serious than maybe editorial cartooning.
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Je to asi závažnejšie ako redakčná karikatúra.
07:21
I went to places like Gaza
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Bol som na miestach ako Gaza
07:24
during the war in 2009.
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počas vojny v 2009.
07:27
So this is really journalism in cartoons.
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Takže je to skutočný žurnalizmus v karikatúre.
07:29
You'll hear more and more about it.
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Budete o tom počuť viac a viac.
07:31
This is the future of journalism, I think.
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Myslím, že je to budúcnosť žurnalizmu.
07:35
And of course, I went to see the rebels in the north.
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A samozrejme, šiel som sa pozrieť aj na rebelov na severe.
07:38
Those were poor guys fighting for their rights.
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Boli to chudobní ľudia bojujúci za svoje práva.
07:40
There was an ethnic side to this conflict
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Malo to etnický nádych,
07:42
as very often in Africa.
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ako to často v Afrike býva.
07:45
And I went to see the Dozo.
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A šiel som sa pozrieť na Dozo (kmeň).
07:47
The Dozo, they are the traditional hunters
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Dozo, sú tradiční lovci
07:49
of West Africa.
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v západnej Afrike.
07:51
People fear them --
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Ľudia sa ich boja.
07:53
they help the rebellion a lot.
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Dosť napomáhajú rebelom.
07:55
They are believed to have magical powers.
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Vraví sa, že majú magickú silu.
07:57
They can disappear and escape bullets.
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Môžu sa vraj vypariť a vyhnúť sa tak nábojom.
08:01
I went to see a Dozo chief;
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Šiel som za Dozo náčelníkom.
08:03
he told me about his magical powers.
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Povedal mi o svojej nadprirodzenej sile.
08:06
He said, "I can chop your head off right away
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Povedal, "Môžem ti odseknúť hlavu v momente
08:09
and bring you back to life."
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a zasa ťa vzkriesiť."
08:12
I said, "Well, maybe we don't have time for this right now."
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Povedal som mu, "No, možno na to teraz nemáme čas."
08:15
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
08:17
"Another time."
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"Inokedy."
08:19
So back in Abidjan,
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Takže naspäť v Abidjane
08:22
I was given a chance to lead a workshop
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mal som možnosť viesť workshop
08:24
with local cartoonists there
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s lokálnymi karikaturistami,
08:26
and I thought, yes,
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a pomyslel som si, áno,
08:28
in a context like this, cartoons can really be used as weapons
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v takomto kontexte, karikatúry môžu byť skutočne použité ako zbrane
08:31
against the other side.
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proti tej druhej strane.
08:33
I mean, the press in Ivory Coast was bitterly divided --
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Napríklad, média na Pobreží Slonoviny boli značne rozštiepené.
08:37
it was compared to the media in Rwanda
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Boli porovnávaní s médiami v Rwande
08:39
before the genocide --
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pred genocídou.
08:41
so imagine.
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Predstavte si.
08:43
And what can a cartoonist do?
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A čo môže spraviť karikaturista?
08:45
Sometimes editors would tell their cartoonists
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Niekedy editori povedia karikaturistom
08:47
to draw what they wanted to see,
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aby nakreslili to, čo chcú sami vidieť,
08:49
and the guy has to feed his family, right?
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a ten karikatirista musí živiť svoju rodinu, všakže.
08:53
So the idea was pretty simple.
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Takže idea bola celkom jednoduchá.
08:55
We brought together cartoonists
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Dali sme dokopy karikaturistov
08:58
from all sides in Ivory Coast.
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z rôznych kútov Pobrežia Slonoviny.
09:01
We took them away from their newspaper for three days.
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Zobrali sme ich preč od ich novín na tri dni.
09:04
And I asked them to do a project together,
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A požiadal som ich, aby spolu spravili projekt,
09:07
tackle the issues affecting their country
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zaoberajúci sa problémami v ich krajine
09:10
in cartoons, yes, in cartoons.
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v karikatúre, áno, v karikatúre.
09:13
Show the positive power of cartoons.
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Ukázať pozitívnu stránku karikatúry.
09:15
It's a great tool of communication
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Je to výborný komunikačný nástroj
09:17
for bad or for good.
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či v zlom alebo dobrom.
09:19
And cartoons can cross boundaries,
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A karikatúry dokážu prekračovať hranice,
09:21
as you have seen.
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ako ste mali možnosť vidieť.
09:23
And humor is a good way, I think,
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A humor je, podľa mňa, dobrý spôsob,
09:25
to address serious issues.
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ako sa venovať vážnym problémom.
09:28
And I'm very proud of what they did.
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A som veľmi hrdý na to, čo spravili.
09:30
I mean, they didn't agree with each other -- that was not the point.
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Nesúhasili síce jeden s druhým -- ale to nebolo podstatné.
09:33
And I didn't ask them to do nice cartoons.
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A nežiadal som ich aby spravili pekné karikatúry.
09:35
The first day, they were even shouting at each other.
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Prvý deň dokonca jeden na druhého kričali.
09:37
But they came up with a book,
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Ale nakoniec prišli s knihou,
09:39
looking back at 13 years
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ktorá mapuje posledých 13 rokov
09:42
of political crisis in Ivory Coast.
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politickej krízy na Pobreží Slonoviny.
09:45
So the idea was there.
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Teda idea sa zrodila.
09:47
And I've been doing projects like this,
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A mám skúsenosti s podobnými projektmi,
09:49
in 2009 in Lebanon,
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v roku 2009 v Libanone,
09:51
this year in Kenya, back in January.
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tento rok v Keni, v januári.
09:54
In Lebanon, it was not a book.
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V Libanone, to nebola kniha.
09:56
The idea was to have --
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Idea bola podobná --
09:58
the same principal, a divided country --
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rovnaký princíp, rozdelená krajina --
10:00
take cartoonists from all sides
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vziať karikaturistov z rôznych kútov krajiny
10:02
and let them do something together.
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a nechať ich spraviť niečo spolu.
10:04
So in Lebanon,
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Takže v Libanone
10:06
we enrolled the newspaper editors,
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sme oslovili editorov novín,
10:08
and we got them to publish
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a primäli sme ich k tomu aby publikovali
10:10
eight cartoonists from all sides all together on the same page,
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8 karikaturistov z rôznych miest na tej istej strane,
10:13
addressing the issue affecting Lebanon,
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zaoberajúcich sa problémami v Libanone,
10:16
like religion in politics and everyday life.
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ako náboženstvo v politike a každodennom živote.
10:19
And it worked.
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A fungovalo to.
10:21
For three days, almost all the newspapers of Beirut
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Nasledujúce tri dni, takmer všetky noviny v Bejrúte
10:24
published all those cartoonists together --
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poblikovali všetky tieto karikatúry spolu--
10:26
anti-government,
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proti-vládne,
10:28
pro-government,
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pro-vládne,
10:30
Christian,
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kresťanské,
10:33
Muslim, of course,
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moslimské, samozrejme,
10:35
English-speaking, well, you name it.
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anglické, teda na aké si len spomeniete.
10:37
So this was a great project.
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Bol to výborný projekt,
10:39
And then in Kenya, what we did
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A potom v Keni,
10:42
was addressing the issue of ethnicity,
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sme sa zaoberali etnickými problémami,
10:44
which is a poison in a lot of places in Africa.
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ktoré sú jedom v mnohých častiach Afriky.
10:47
And we did video clips --
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A spravili sme videoklipy.
10:50
you can see them if you go to YouTube/Kenyatoons.
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Môžete si ich pozrieť na YouTube pod KenyaTunes.
10:57
So, preaching for freedom of speech
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Teda, presadzovanie slobody prejavu
10:59
is easy here,
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je tu celkom ľahké,
11:01
but as you have seen
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ale ako ste mali možnosť vidieť
11:03
in contexts of repression or division,
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v kontexte represie a rozdelenia,
11:06
again, what can a cartoonist do?
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čo môže spraviť karikaturista?
11:08
He has to keep his job.
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Musí si udržať svoj job.
11:12
Well I believe that in any context anywhere,
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A teda verím že v hocijakom kontexte kdekoľvek,
11:15
he always has the choice at least
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má vždy minimálne na výber
11:17
not to do a cartoon
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nespraviť tú karikatúru
11:19
that will feed hatred.
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ktorá vyvolá nenávisť.
11:22
And that's the message I try to convey to them.
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A to je odkaz, ktorý sa im snažím sprostredkovať.
11:25
I think we all always have the choice in the end
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Myslím, že vždy máme koniec koncov na výber
11:28
not to do the bad thing.
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nespraviť zlú vec.
11:32
But we need to support
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Ale musíme podporovať
11:34
these [unclear], critical
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tieto kritické
11:36
and responsible voices
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zodpovedné hlasy
11:39
in Africa, in Lebanon,
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v Afrike, v Libanone,
11:41
in your local newspaper,
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vo vašich lokálnych novinách,
11:44
in the Apple store.
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v Apple obchode.
11:48
Today, tech companies
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Dnes sú technologické firmy
11:50
are the world's largest editors.
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najväčšími svetovými editormi.
11:53
They decide what is too offensive
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Oni rozhodujú, čo je ofenzívne
11:55
or too provocative for you to see.
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alebo provokatívne, aby ste to mohli vidieť.
11:57
So really, it's not about the freedom of cartoonists;
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Takže v skutočnosti, nie je to o slobode karikaturistov,
12:00
it's about your freedoms.
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je to o vašich slobodách.
12:03
And for dictators all over the world,
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A pre diktátorov v celom svete
12:09
the good news
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dobrá správa
12:11
is when cartoonists,
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je, keď sú karikaturisti,
12:13
journalists and activists shut up.
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novinári a aktivisti ticho.
12:18
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
12:20
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Patrick Chappatte - Editorial cartoonistUsing clean, simple pencil strokes, editorial cartoonist Patrick Chappatte wields globally literate and to-the-point humor on world events -- the tragic, the farcical and the absurd.
Why you should listen
Patrick Chappatte is a global soul. Born in Pakistan to a Lebanese mother and a Swiss father, raised in Singapore, he has lived in New York and lives now in Geneva, Switzerland. Perhaps this explains his way of looking at world events, applying the unfettered perspective of humor to the tragic, the farcical and the absurd.
His simple line delivers pointed jokes. He draws for The International Herald Tribune (in English) and for the Swiss newspapers Le Temps (in French) and NZZ am Sonntag (in German), and in all three languages the subtle insightfulness of his cartoons consistently robs you of a laugh, or more.
Patrick Chappatte | Speaker | TED.com