TEDGlobal 2009
Michael Pritchard: How to make filthy water drinkable
Michael Pritchard naredi onesnaženo vodo pitno
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Preveč delov sveta ima omejen dostop do čiste pitne vode. Inženir Michael Pritchard je glede tega nekaj storil in iznašel prenosni filter Lifesaver, ki lahko v nekaj sekundah naredi tudi najbolj odvratno vodo pitno. Osupljiva predstavitev na TEDGlobal 2009.
Michael Pritchard - Inventor
With cutting-edge nanotech, Michael Pritchard's Lifesaver water-purification bottle could revolutionize water-delivery systems in disaster-stricken areas around the globe. Full bio
With cutting-edge nanotech, Michael Pritchard's Lifesaver water-purification bottle could revolutionize water-delivery systems in disaster-stricken areas around the globe. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
Good morning everybody.
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Dobro jutro vsem skupaj.
00:20
I'd like to talk about a couple of things today.
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Danes bi se rad pogovoril o nekaj zadevah.
00:22
The first thing is water.
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Prvo o vodi.
00:24
Now I see you've all been enjoying the water
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Vidim, da je vsem všeč voda,
00:26
that's been provided for you here at the conference,
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ki so vam jo dali na konferenci
00:28
over the past couple of days.
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v zadnjih nekaj dneh.
00:30
And I'm sure you'll feel that it's from a safe source.
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In zagotovo tudi ne dvomite, da je neoporečna.
00:34
But what if it wasn't?
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Ampak kaj, če ne bi bila?
00:36
What if it was from a source like this?
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Kaj, če bi njen vir bil takšen?
00:41
Then statistics would actually say
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V tem primeru bi na podlagi statističnih podatkov
00:43
that half of you would now be suffering
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polovica prisotnih trpela
00:45
with diarrhea.
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za diarejo.
00:49
I talked a lot in the past about statistics,
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V preteklosti sem veliko govoril o statistikah
00:52
and the provision of safe drinking water for all.
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in zagotavljanju varne pitne vode za vsakega,
00:56
But they just don't seem to get through.
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kar pa ni padlo na plodna tla.
00:59
And I think I've worked out why.
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In mislim, da sem ugotovil zakaj.
01:01
It's because, using current thinking,
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Zaradi trenutnega načina razmišljanja,
01:04
the scale of the problem
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se nam zdi obseg problema prevelik,
01:06
just seems too huge to contemplate solving.
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da bi lahko razmišljali o tem, kako ga rešiti.
01:10
So we just switch off:
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Zato se nehamo ozirati
01:12
us, governments and aid agencies.
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na sebe, vlade ter organizacije za humanitarno pomoč.
01:17
Well, today, I'd like to show you
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No, danes bi vam rad pokazal,
01:20
that through thinking differently,
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da je bil problem rešen
01:22
the problem has been solved.
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s pomočjo drugačnega načina razmišljanja.
01:26
By the way, since I've been speaking,
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Mimogrede, od začetka mojega govora,
01:28
another 13,000 people around the world
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je za diarejo zbolelo 13.000
01:31
are suffering now with diarrhea.
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dodatnih ljudi.
01:34
And four children have just died.
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In pravkar so umrli štirje otroci.
01:39
I invented Lifesaver bottle
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Čutaro Lifesaver sem izumil,
01:41
because I got angry.
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zaradi besa.
01:43
I, like most of you, was sitting down, the day after Christmas in 2004,
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Kot večina izmed vas, sem dan po božiču leta 2004 tudi jaz sedel doma
01:47
when I was watching the devastating news
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ter po televiziji spremljal
01:50
of the Asian tsunami as it rolled in,
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novice o cunamiju, ki je
01:52
playing out on TV.
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opustošil dele Azije.
01:54
The days and weeks that followed,
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Naslednjih nekaj dni ter tednov
01:56
people fleeing to the hills,
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so ljudje bežali v hribe,
01:58
being forced to drink contaminated water
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kjer niso imeli druge izbire,
02:01
or face death.
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kot piti onesnaženo vodo ali pa se soočiti s smrtjo.
02:04
That really stuck with me.
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To mi ni dalo miru.
02:06
Then, a few months later,
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Nekaj mesecev kasneje
02:09
Hurricane Katrina slammed into the side of America.
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je v Ameriko pridivjal orkan Katrina.
02:13
"Okay," I thought, "here's a First World country, let's see what they can do."
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"Dobro," sem si mislil, "zdaj imamo državo Prvega sveta, poglejmo kaj zmorejo."
02:17
Day one: nothing.
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Prvi dan: nič.
02:20
Day two: nothing.
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Drugi dan: nič.
02:23
Do you know it took five days to get water to the Superdome?
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Se zavedate, da je za dostavo vode do dvorane Superdome bilo potrebnih pet dni?
02:28
People were shooting each other on the streets
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Ljudje so se streljali po ulicah
02:31
for TV sets and water.
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za televizorje in vodo.
02:34
That's when I decided I had to do something.
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V tistem trenutku sem se odločil, da moram glede tega nekaj storiti.
02:38
Now I spent a lot of time in my garage, over the next weeks and months,
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Veliko časa sem preživel v garaži, nekaj tednov, mesecev.
02:41
and also in my kitchen -- much to the dismay of my wife. (Laughter)
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Prav tako v kuhinji -- žena se s tem ni ravno strinjala. (Smeh)
02:44
However, after a few failed prototypes,
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Toda po nekaj neuspelih poskusih
02:49
I finally came up with this, the Lifesaver bottle.
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sem iznašel čutaro Lifesaver.
02:54
Okay, now for the science bit.
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No, zdaj pa znanstveni del.
02:56
Before Lifesaver, the best hand filters were only capable
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Pred Lifesaverjem so najboljši prenosni filtri bili zmožni
02:58
of filtering down to about 200 nanometers.
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prefiltrirati le do približno 200 nanometrov velike delce.
03:02
The smallest bacteria is about 200 nanometers.
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Najmanjša bakterija je velika približno 200 nanometrov.
03:06
So a 200-nanometer bacteria
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Torej bo 200 nanometrov velika bakterija
03:08
is going to get through a 200-nanometer hole.
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uspela priti skozi 200 nanometrov veliko luknjo.
03:12
The smallest virus, on the other hand,
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Toda najmanjši virus
03:14
is about 25 nanometers.
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je velik približno 25 nanometrov
03:17
So that's definitely going to get through those 200 nanometer holes.
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in bo zagotovo uspel priti skozi 200 nanometrov velike luknje.
03:22
Lifesaver pores are 15 nanometers.
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Pore Lifesaverja imajo premer 15 nanometrov.
03:27
So nothing is getting through.
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Torej ne spustijo skozi ničesar.
03:30
Okay, I'm going to give you a bit of a demonstration.
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Dobro, pripravil sem majhno predstavitev.
03:32
Would you like to see that?
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Vas zanima?
03:34
I spent all the time setting this up, so I guess I should.
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Po tolikšnem času priprave mislim, da se jo splača ogledati.
03:36
We're in the fine city of Oxford.
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Nahajamo se v krasnem mestu Oxford.
03:39
So -- someone's done that up.
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Zato -- nekdo je to dobro zaprl.
03:41
Fine city of Oxford, so what I've done is I've gone
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Smo v krasnem mestu Oxford
03:43
and got some water from the River Cherwell,
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in zato sem zbral nekaj vode iz rek
03:45
and the River Thames,
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Cherwell in Temze,
03:47
that flow through here. And this is the water.
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ki tečeta skozi mesto. In tukaj je njuna voda.
03:49
But I got to thinking, you know,
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Ampak potem sem pomislil,
03:51
if we were in the middle of a flood zone
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da voda sredi poplave
03:53
in Bangladesh, the water wouldn't look like this.
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v Bangladešu ne bi bila takšna.
03:57
So I've gone and got some stuff to add into it.
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Zato sem prinesel še nekaj dodatnih stvari.
03:59
And this is from my pond.
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To je iz mojega ribnika.
04:01
(Sniffs) (Coughs) Have a smell of that, mister cameraman.
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(Povoha) (Zakašlja) Povohajte to, gospod snemalec.
04:05
Okay. (Laughs) Right.
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Dobro. (Smeh) Prav.
04:09
We're just going to pour that in there.
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To bomo enostavno vlili noter.
04:12
Audience: Ugh!
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Občinstvo: Pfuj!
04:14
Michael Pritchard: Okay. We've got some runoff
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Michael Pritchard: Dobro. Imamo še odpadno vodo
04:17
from a sewage plant farm.
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iz centralne čistilne naprave.
04:19
So I'm just going to put that in there.
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Torej bom dodal še to.
04:22
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:23
Put that in there. There we go.
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Kar dodajmo. Tako.
04:26
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:27
And some other bits and pieces, chuck that in there.
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In še nekaj drugih drobcev. Kar vlijmo noter.
04:31
And I've got a gift here from a friend of mine's rabbit.
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Zdaj pa še darilce od prijateljevega zajca.
04:35
So we're just going to put that in there as well.
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In bomo dodali še to.
04:39
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:40
Okay. (Laughter) Now.
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Dobro. (Smeh) No tako.
04:44
The Lifesaver bottle works really simply.
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Čutara Lifesaver je zelo preprosta za uporabo.
04:49
You just scoop the water up.
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Vodo preprosto zajamemo.
04:51
Today I'm going to use a jug
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Danes bom uporabil vrč,
04:53
just to show you all. Let's get a bit of that poo in there.
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da vam lahko pokažem. Zajemimo nekaj iztrebkov.
04:57
That's not dirty enough. Let's just stir that up a little bit.
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To ni dovolj umazano. Malo premešajmo.
05:03
Okay, so I'm going to take this really filthy water,
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Dobro. Torej to zelo umazano vodo
05:08
and put it in here. Do you want a drink yet?
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bom prelil sem. Ste že žejni?
05:12
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:13
Okay. There we go.
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Dobro. No, pa gremo.
05:17
Replace the top.
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Namestimo zamašek.
05:22
Give it a few pumps. Okay?
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Nekajkrat pritisnemo. Prav?
05:26
That's all that's necessary.
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To je vse.
05:29
Now as soon as I pop the teat,
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Takoj ko bom odprl ventil,
05:33
sterile drinking water is going to come out.
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bo ven začela teči sterilna pitna voda.
05:35
I've got to be quick. Okay, ready?
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Moram biti hiter. Dobro, pripravljeni?
05:40
There we go. Mind the electrics.
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No, tako. Pazimo na elektroniko.
05:42
That is safe, sterile drinking water.
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To je varna, sterilna pitna voda.
05:46
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
05:48
Cheers.
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Na zdravje.
05:50
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
05:53
There you go Chris.
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Izvoli Chris.
05:55
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
06:00
What's it taste of?
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Kakšen okus ima?
06:02
Chris Anderson: Delicious.
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Chris Anderson: Izvrsten.
06:04
Michael Pritchard: Okay.
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Michael Pritchard: Dobro.
06:07
Let's see Chris's program throughout the rest of the show. Okay?
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Glejmo, kako se bo med predstavo godilo Chrisu. Prav?
06:10
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:13
Okay. Lifesaver bottle is used by thousands of people around the world.
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Dobro. Čutaro Lifesaver uporablja na tisoče ljudi po celem svetu.
06:18
It'll last for 6,000 liters.
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Zadošča za 6.000 litrov.
06:20
And when it's expired, using failsafe technology,
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Ko njena uporabnost poteče, se sistem s pomočjo
06:23
the system will shut off, protecting the user.
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varovalnega mehanizma izključi in tako zaščiti uporabnika.
06:26
Pop the cartridge out. Pop a new one in.
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Tulec s filtrom odstranimo. Vstavimo novega.
06:28
It's good for another 6,000 liters.
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In zadošča za dodatnih 6.000 litrov.
06:32
So let's look at the applications.
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Pa si oglejmo uporabnost.
06:34
Traditionally, in a crisis, what do we do?
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Kaj navadno storimo med krizo?
06:36
We ship water.
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Vodo prevažamo.
06:38
Then, after a few weeks, we set up camps.
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Po nekaj tednih postavimo tabore.
06:42
And people are forced to come into the camps to get their safe drinking water.
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Ljudje so nato primorani priti v tabore po svoj delež varne pitne vode.
06:47
What happens when 20,000 people congregate in a camp?
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Kaj se zgodi, če se v taboru zbere 20.000 ljudi?
06:52
Diseases spread. More resources are required.
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Bolezni se širijo. Potrebna so dodatna sredstva.
06:55
The problem just becomes self-perpetuating.
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Problem se pospešuje sam od sebe.
06:59
But by thinking differently,
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Toda z drugačnim načinom razmišljanja
07:01
and shipping these,
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in dobavljanjem čutar,
07:03
people can stay put.
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lahko ljudje ostanejo na enem mestu.
07:05
They can make their own sterile drinking water,
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Sterilno pitno vodo si lahko priskrbijo sami
07:08
and start to get on with rebuilding their homes and their lives.
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in lahko raje ponovno postavijo na noge sebe ter svoje domove.
07:13
Now, it doesn't require a natural disaster
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Toda, za vse to ne potrebujemo
07:16
for this to work.
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naravne katastrofe.
07:19
Using the old thinking, of national infrastructure
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Uporaba starega načina razmišljanja, državnih infrastruktur
07:23
and pipe work, is too expensive.
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ter vodovodov je predraga.
07:26
When you run the numbers on a calculator,
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Pri izračunu stroškov
07:28
you run out of noughts.
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nam zmanjka ničel.
07:30
So here is the "thinking different" bit.
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Zdaj pa je čas za del o "drugačnem načinu razmišljanja".
07:33
Instead of shipping water,
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Namesto, da vodo prevažamo
07:35
and using man-made processes to do it,
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s pomočjo umetnih postopkov
07:38
let's use Mother Nature. She's got a fantastic system.
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raje uporabimo mati naravo. Saj že ima čudovit postopek.
07:41
She picks the water up from there,
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Vodo zbere tam,
07:44
desalinates it, for free, transports it over there,
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jo brezplačno razsoli, jo prenese tja
07:48
and dumps it onto the mountains, rivers, and streams.
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in jo odvrže na gore, v reke in potoke.
07:50
And where do people live? Near water.
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In kje živijo ljudje? V bližini vode.
07:53
All we've go to do
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Moramo jo le še
07:55
is make it sterile. How do we do that?
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sterilizirati. Kako pa storimo to?
07:57
Well, we could use the Lifesaver bottle.
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No, lahko uporabimo čutaro Lifesaver.
08:00
Or we could use one of these.
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Lahko pa uporabimo tudi kaj takšnega.
08:02
The same technology, in a jerry can.
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Enaka tehnologija, v kanistru.
08:05
This will process 25,000 liters of water;
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S tem lahko prečistimo 25.000 litrov vode;
08:10
that's good enough for a family of four,
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kar lahko oskrbi štiričlansko družino
08:14
for three years.
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za tri leta.
08:17
And how much does it cost?
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Kaj pa cena?
08:19
About half a cent a day to run.
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Za dan uporabe odštejete le pol centa.
08:21
Thank you.
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Hvala.
08:23
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
08:26
So, by thinking differently, and processing water
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Torej, z drugačnim načinom razmišljanja
08:29
at the point of use,
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in recikliranjem vode v ospredju
08:31
mothers and children no longer have to walk four hours a day
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materam in otrokom ne bo več treba hoditi štiri ure na dan,
08:35
to collect their water.
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da bi prišli do vode.
08:37
They can get it from a source nearby.
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Lahko jo dobijo iz bližnjega vira.
08:41
So with just eight billion dollars,
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Le z 8 milijardami dolarjev
08:44
we can hit the millennium goal's target
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lahko dosežemo cilj tisočletja
08:47
of halving the number of people
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in razpolovimo število ljudi
08:49
without access to safe drinking water.
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brez dostopa do varne pitne vode.
08:52
To put that into context,
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V kontekstu to pomeni,
08:54
The U.K. government spends about 12 billion pounds
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da Britanska vlada porabi 12 milijard funtov
08:58
a year on foreign aid.
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na leto za pomoč v tujini.
09:01
But why stop there?
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Zakaj bi se ustavili tukaj?
09:04
With 20 billion dollars, everyone can have access to safe drinking water.
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Z 20 milijardami dolarjev bi lahko imeli vsi dostop do varne pitne vode.
09:10
So the three-and-a-half billion people
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Tri milijarde in pol ljudi,
09:12
that suffer every year as a result,
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ki posledično trpijo vsako leto
09:15
and the two million kids that die every year,
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in 2 milijona otrok, ki vsako leto umrejo,
09:19
will live.
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bo tako preživelo.
09:23
Thank you.
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Hvala.
09:25
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Pritchard - InventorWith cutting-edge nanotech, Michael Pritchard's Lifesaver water-purification bottle could revolutionize water-delivery systems in disaster-stricken areas around the globe.
Why you should listen
During the twin tragedies of the Asian tsunami and Hurricane Katrina, Ipswich water-treatment expert Michael Pritchard winced helplessly at televised coverage of throngs of refugees waiting for days for a simple drink of clean water. Stricken by the chronic failure of aid agencies to surmount this basic challenge, Pritchard decided to do something about it.
Using a non-chemical nano-filtration hollow fiber membrane with 15 nanometer pores (it is designed to block viruses), the Lifesaver bottle can make the most revolting swamp water drinkable in seconds. Better still, a single long-lasting filter can clean 6,000 liters of water. Given the astronomical cost of shipping water to disaster areas, Pritchard's Lifesaver bottle could turn traditional aid models on their heads.
Michael Pritchard | Speaker | TED.com