TEDGlobal 2010
David Bismark: E-voting without fraud
David Bismark: E-volitve brez goljufij
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David Bismark prikaže nov sistem glasovanja, ki na enostaven in preverljiv način preprečuje goljufije in napačno štetje -- pri tem pa zagotavlja tajnost glasov.
David Bismark - Voting system designer
David Bismark has co-developed an electronic voting system that contains a simple and reliable method of verification. Full bio
David Bismark has co-developed an electronic voting system that contains a simple and reliable method of verification. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
So there are a few things
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Ne obstaja veliko stvari,
00:18
that bring us humans together in the way that an election does.
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ki ljudi pripeljejo skupaj na način, na kakršnega to naredijo volitve.
00:21
We stand in elections; we vote in elections;
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Na volitvah kandidiramo, glasujemo,
00:24
we observe elections.
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jih opazujemo.
00:26
Our democracies rely on elections.
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Naše demokracije temeljijo na volitvah.
00:29
We all understand why we have elections,
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Vsi razumemo, zakaj imamo volitve,
00:32
and we all leave the house on the same day
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in vsi gremo na isti dan iz hiše
00:34
to go and vote.
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na volišče.
00:36
We cherish the opportunity to have our say,
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Spoštujemo priložnost oddati svoj glas
00:39
to help decide the future of the country.
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in soodločati o prihodnosti svoje države.
00:44
The fundamental idea is that politicians
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Temeljna ideja je, da politiki
00:46
are given mandate to speak for us,
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dobijo mandat, da govorijo v našem imenu,
00:49
to make decisions on our behalf
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in tako sprejemajo odločitve,
00:51
that affect us all.
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ki vplivajo na vse nas.
00:53
Without that mandate, they would be corrupt.
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Brez tega mandata bi bili korumpirani.
00:56
Well unfortunately, power corrupts,
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Na žalost moč ljudi kvari
00:58
and so people will do lots of things
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in ti počnejo marsikaj,
01:01
to get power and to stay in power,
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da bi prišli na oblast in tam ostali,
01:04
including doing bad things to elections.
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vključno s povzročanjem škode na volitvah.
01:08
You see, even if the idea
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Veste, tudi če je zamisel
01:10
of the election is perfect,
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volitev popolna,
01:12
running a countrywide election is a big project,
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je izvedba nacionalnih volitev velik projekt,
01:15
and big projects are messy.
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veliki projekti pa so kaotični.
01:18
Whenever there is an election,
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Kadarkoli potekajo volitve,
01:20
it seems like something always goes wrong,
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se zdi, da gre nekaj narobe;
01:22
someone tries to cheat,
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nekdo skuša goljufati
01:24
or something goes accidentally awry --
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ali pa se kaj ponesreči --
01:27
a ballot box goes missing here,
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tu izgine volilna skrinjica,
01:30
chads are left hanging over here.
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tam ostane kup odrezkov.
01:33
To make sure as few things as possible go wrong,
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Da bi zagotovili čim manjše število napak,
01:37
we have all these procedures around the election.
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so volitve povezane z mnogimi postopki.
01:40
So for example, you come to the polling station,
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Na primer: pridete na volišče,
01:43
and a poll station worker asks for your ID
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član volilne komisije zahteva vaš osebni dokument,
01:46
before giving you a ballot form
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preden vam izroči glasovnico
01:48
and asking you to go into a voting booth
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ter vas napoti v kabino,
01:50
to fill out your vote.
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kjer jo boste izpolnili.
01:52
When you come back out, you get to drop your vote
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Ko se vrnete, oddate svoj glas
01:54
into the ballot box
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v volilno skrinjico,
01:56
where it mixes with all the other votes,
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kjer se pomeša med druge glasove,
01:58
so that no one knows how you voted.
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tako da nihče ne ve, kako ste glasovali.
02:01
Well, what I want us to think about for a moment
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Pomislite za trenutek na to,
02:03
is what happens after that,
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kaj se zgodi po tem
02:05
after you drop your vote into the ballot box.
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ko ste svoj glas oddali v volilno skrinjico.
02:07
And most people would go home
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Večina ljudi bo šla domov
02:09
and feel sure that their vote has been counted,
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prepričanih, da je bil njihov glas med preštetimi,
02:11
because they trust
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saj zaupajo,
02:13
that the election system works.
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da volilni sistem deluje.
02:15
They trust that election workers and election observers
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Verjamejo, da uslužbenci volilnih komisij in opazovalci volitev
02:18
do their jobs and do their jobs correctly.
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opravijo svoje delo, in to korektno.
02:22
The ballot boxes go to counting places.
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Volilne skrinjice odnesejo v prostore za štetje.
02:25
They're unsealed and the votes are poured out
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Tam jih odpečatijo in stresejo ven glasovnice
02:28
and laboriously counted.
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ter jih natančno preštejejo.
02:31
Most of us have to trust
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Večina med nami mora zaupati,
02:33
that that happens correctly for our own vote,
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da se to zgodi pravilno za naš glas,
02:35
and we all have to trust that that happens correctly
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in vsi moramo zaupati, da se to zgodi pravilno
02:38
for all the votes in the election.
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za vse glasove, oddane na volitvah.
02:41
So we have to trust a lot of people.
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Zaupati moramo torej veliko ljudem.
02:45
We have to trust a lot of procedures.
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Zaupati moramo številnim postopkom.
02:49
And sometimes we even have to trust computers.
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In včasih moramo zaupati celo računalnikom.
02:54
So imagine hundreds of millions of voters
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Zamislite si na stotine milijonov volivcev,
02:56
casting hundreds of millions of votes,
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ki oddajo na stotine milijonov glasov,
02:58
all to be counted correctly
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ki jih je vse treba pravilno prešteti,
03:01
and all the things that can possibly go wrong
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in vse, kar lahko gre narobe
03:04
causing all these bad headlines,
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in pripelje do takih slabih naslovnic,
03:09
and you cannot help but feel exhausted at the idea
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in nedvomno boste utrujeni od razmišljanja,
03:12
of trying to make elections better.
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kako izboljšati potek volitev.
03:18
Well in the face of all these bad headlines,
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Soočeni z vsemi temi negativnimi naslovi
03:20
researchers have taken a step back
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so raziskovalci stopili korak nazaj
03:23
and thought about how we can do elections differently.
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in razmislili o tem, kako izpeljati volitve drugače.
03:27
They've zoomed out and looked at the big picture.
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Na stvar so pogledali od daleč, celostno.
03:30
And the big picture is this:
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In celostna slika je taka:
03:32
elections should be verifiable.
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volitve bi morale biti preverljive.
03:36
Voters should be able to check
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Volivci bi morali imeti možnost preveriti,
03:39
that their votes are counted correctly,
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ali so bili njihovi glasovi pravilno prešteti,
03:42
without breaking election secrecy,
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ne da bi pri tem prekršili načelo tajnosti volitev,
03:44
which is so very important.
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ki je tako zelo pomembno.
03:47
And that's the tough part.
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In to je zahtevni del vsega.
03:49
How do we make an election system completely verifiable
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Kako naj bo volilni sistem povsem preverljiv,
03:52
while keeping the votes
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če naj ostanejo glasovi
03:54
absolutely secret?
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absolutno tajni?
03:56
Well, the way we've come up with
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No, naš način
03:58
uses computers
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uporablja računalnike,
04:00
but doesn't depend on them.
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ni pa odvisen od njih.
04:02
And the secret is the ballot form.
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Skrivnost je v glasovnici.
04:04
And if you look closely at these ballot forms,
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Če od blizu pogledate te glasovnice,
04:06
you'll notice that the candidate list
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boste videli, da je seznam kandidatov
04:08
is in a different order on each one.
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na vsaki drugačen.
04:10
And that means, if you mark your choices on one of them
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To pomeni, da če svoj glas oddate na eni od njih
04:13
and then remove the candidate list,
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in potem odstranite seznam kandidatov,
04:15
I won't be able to tell from the bit remaining
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od papirja, ki ostane, ne morem ugotoviti,
04:18
what your vote is for.
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komu je namenjen vaš glas.
04:21
And on each ballot form there is this encrypted value
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Na vsaki glasovnici je tudi kodirana vrednost
04:24
in the form of this 2D barcode
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v obliki te 2D črtne kode
04:26
on the right.
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na desni.
04:28
And there's some complicated cryptography
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In tule je udeležena določena
04:30
going on in there,
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zapletena kriptografija,
04:32
but what's not complicated
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tisto kar pa ni zapleteno,
04:34
is voting with one of these forms.
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je glasovanje na teh obrazcih.
04:37
So we can let computers do all the complicated cryptography for us,
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Tako pustimo računalnikom, da opravijo z zapleteno kriptografijo,
04:40
and then we'll use the paper for verification.
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mi pa uporabimo papir za preverjanje.
04:44
So this is how you vote.
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Glasujete torej tako.
04:46
You get one of these ballot forms at random,
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Dobite naključen obrazec,
04:50
and then you go into the voting booth,
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greste v volilno kabino
04:52
and you mark your choices,
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in označite svoj izbor,
04:54
and you tear along a perforation.
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potem pa listič pretrgate po perforaciji.
04:59
And you shred the candidate list.
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Seznam kandidatov uničite.
05:02
And the bit that remains, the one with your marks --
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Tisto, kar ostane, ta del z vašim izborom,
05:05
this is your encrypted vote.
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to je vaš kodiran glas.
05:07
So you let a poll station worker
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Sodelavec volilne komisije na volišču
05:09
scan your encrypted vote.
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skenira vaš kodiran glas.
05:11
And because it's encrypted,
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In ker je kodiran,
05:13
it can be submitted, stored
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ga je mogoče oddati, shraniti
05:15
and counted centrally
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in prešteti na centraliziran način
05:18
and displayed on a website
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ter ga objaviti na spletni strani
05:20
for anyone to see, including you.
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na ogled vsem, tudi vam.
05:23
So you take this encrypted vote
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Tole kodirano glasovnico
05:26
home as your receipt.
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odnesete domov kot potrdilo.
05:28
And after the close of the election,
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Po zaključku volitev
05:30
you can check that your vote was counted
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pa lahko preverite, ali so vaš glas prešteli,
05:32
by comparing your receipt
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tako da svoje potrdilo primerjate
05:35
to the vote on the website.
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z glasom na spletni strani.
05:39
And remember, the vote is encrypted
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Ne pozabite, glas je kodiran
05:41
from the moment you leave the voting booth,
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od trenutka, ko zapustite volilno kabino,
05:44
so if an election official wants to find out how you voted,
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tako da če volilni uradnik želi ugotoviti, kako ste volili,
05:47
they will not be able to.
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ne more.
05:49
If the government wants to find out how you voted,
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Če vlada želi ugotoviti, kako ste volili,
05:51
they won't be able to.
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ne more.
05:54
No hacker can break in
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Noben heker ne more vlomiti
05:56
and find out how you voted.
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in ugotoviti, kako ste volili.
05:58
No hacker can break in and change your vote,
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Noben heker ne more vlomiti in spremeniti vašega glasu,
06:01
because then it won't match your receipt.
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saj se potem ne bo ujemal z vašim potrdilom.
06:04
Votes can't go missing
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Glasovi ne morejo izginiti,
06:07
because then you won't find yours when you look for it.
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kajti potem jih ne bi našli, ko bi jih iskali.
06:11
But the election magic doesn't stop there.
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A volilna čarovnija se tu ne konča.
06:14
Instead, we want to make the whole process
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Namesto tega želimo celoten proces
06:16
so transparent
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narediti tako transparenten,
06:18
that news media and international observers
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da lahko novinarji in mednarodni opazovalci
06:21
and anyone who wants to
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ter kdorkoli drug, ki to želi,
06:23
can download all the election data
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pridobijo vse volilne podatke
06:25
and do the count themselves.
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in sam opravi štetje.
06:27
They can check that all the votes were counted correctly.
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Lahko preverijo, ali so bili glasovi pravilno prešteti.
06:30
They can check
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Lahko preverijo,
06:32
that the announced result of the election
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da so objavljeni rezultati volitev
06:34
is the correct one.
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res pravilni.
06:36
And these are elections
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In to so volitve
06:38
by the people, for the people.
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od ljudi za ljudi.
06:40
So the next step for our democracies
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Naslednji korak naših demokracij
06:43
are transparent
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so transparentne
06:45
and verifiable elections.
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in preverljive volitve.
06:47
Thank you.
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Hvala.
06:49
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Bismark - Voting system designerDavid Bismark has co-developed an electronic voting system that contains a simple and reliable method of verification.
Why you should listen
One of the main objections to e-voting is that it's difficult for each voter to know that her vote was recorded accurately and counted correctly, while she remains anonymous. In the system designed by David Bismark and his colleagues, each voter gets a takeaway slip that serves as a record of the vote, and allows elections to be independently verified.
Apart from his work on voting systems, Bismark runs Recito Förlag, a publishing company in Sweden.
David Bismark | Speaker | TED.com