TEDGlobal 2010
David Bismark: E-voting without fraud
Dejvid Bizmark: Elektronsko glasanje bez prevare
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Dejvid Bizmark predstavlja novi sistem glasanja koji sadrži jednostavan, proveren način da se spreči prevara i pogrešno brojanje - zadržavajući tajnost glasanja svake osobe.
David Bismark - Voting system designer
David Bismark has co-developed an electronic voting system that contains a simple and reliable method of verification. Full bio
David Bismark has co-developed an electronic voting system that contains a simple and reliable method of verification. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
So there are a few things
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Postoji nekoliko stvari
00:18
that bring us humans together in the way that an election does.
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koje spajaju ljude na način na koji to čine izbori.
00:21
We stand in elections; we vote in elections;
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Podržavamo kandidate, glasamo na izborima,
00:24
we observe elections.
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posmatramo izbore.
00:26
Our democracies rely on elections.
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Naša demokratija zavisi od izbora.
00:29
We all understand why we have elections,
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Svi razumemo zašto imamo izbore
00:32
and we all leave the house on the same day
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i svi na isti dan napuštamo domove i
00:34
to go and vote.
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idemo da glasamo.
00:36
We cherish the opportunity to have our say,
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Cenimo mogućnost da kažemo,
00:39
to help decide the future of the country.
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da odlučimo budućnost naše države.
00:44
The fundamental idea is that politicians
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Osnovna ideja je da je političarima
00:46
are given mandate to speak for us,
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dat mandat da govore umesto nas,
00:49
to make decisions on our behalf
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da umesto nas donose odluke
00:51
that affect us all.
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koje utiču na sve nas.
00:53
Without that mandate, they would be corrupt.
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Bez tog mandata, bili bi korumpirani.
00:56
Well unfortunately, power corrupts,
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Pa, nažalost, moć dovodi do toga,
00:58
and so people will do lots of things
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pa će ljudi uraditi mnogo toga
01:01
to get power and to stay in power,
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da dođu do moći i da je zadrže,
01:04
including doing bad things to elections.
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uključujući i štetne stvari za izbore.
01:08
You see, even if the idea
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Vidite, čak i da je ideja
01:10
of the election is perfect,
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izbora savršena,
01:12
running a countrywide election is a big project,
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voditi nacionalne izbore je veliki projekat,
01:15
and big projects are messy.
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a veliki projekti su neuredni.
01:18
Whenever there is an election,
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Kad god su izbori,
01:20
it seems like something always goes wrong,
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čini se kao da uvek nešto ide kako ne treba,
01:22
someone tries to cheat,
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neko pokušava da vara,
01:24
or something goes accidentally awry --
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ili nešto slučajno krene naopako -
01:27
a ballot box goes missing here,
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ovde nestanu glasačke kutije,
01:30
chads are left hanging over here.
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tamo glasački listići.
01:33
To make sure as few things as possible go wrong,
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Kako bi osigurali da što manje stvari krene po zlu,
01:37
we have all these procedures around the election.
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imamo sve te procedure u vezi sa izborima.
01:40
So for example, you come to the polling station,
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Na primer, dođete do biračkog mesta,
01:43
and a poll station worker asks for your ID
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i radnik na biračkom mestu vas pita za ličnu kartu
01:46
before giving you a ballot form
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pre nego što vam da glasački list
01:48
and asking you to go into a voting booth
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i pita vas da odete u glasačku kabinu
01:50
to fill out your vote.
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da date svoj glas.
01:52
When you come back out, you get to drop your vote
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Kada izađete, morate ubaciti listić
01:54
into the ballot box
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u glasačku kutiju
01:56
where it mixes with all the other votes,
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gde se meša sa svim ostalim glasovima,
01:58
so that no one knows how you voted.
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kako niko ne bi znao kako ste glasali.
02:01
Well, what I want us to think about for a moment
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Pa, ono o čemu bih voleo da nakratko razmislite
02:03
is what happens after that,
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jeste šta se dešava posle,
02:05
after you drop your vote into the ballot box.
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nakon što ubacite listić u glasačku kutiju.
02:07
And most people would go home
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Većina ljudi bi otišla kući
02:09
and feel sure that their vote has been counted,
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i bila sigurna da je i njihov listić prebrojan,
02:11
because they trust
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jer veruju
02:13
that the election system works.
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da je sistem izbora uspešan.
02:15
They trust that election workers and election observers
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Veruju u to da birački odbor i posmatrači izbora
02:18
do their jobs and do their jobs correctly.
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obavljaju svoj posao i da to čine ispravno.
02:22
The ballot boxes go to counting places.
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Glasačke kutije odlaze na mesto za prebrojavanje.
02:25
They're unsealed and the votes are poured out
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Tamo se otpečate, glasovi se prospu
02:28
and laboriously counted.
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i onda se vredno prebrojavaju.
02:31
Most of us have to trust
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Većina nas mora da veruje
02:33
that that happens correctly for our own vote,
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da se to radi na ispravan način za naš glas,
02:35
and we all have to trust that that happens correctly
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a svi moramo da verujemo da se to radi ispravno
02:38
for all the votes in the election.
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za sve glasove na izborima.
02:41
So we have to trust a lot of people.
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Znači moramo verovati mnogim ljudima.
02:45
We have to trust a lot of procedures.
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Moramo verovati mnogim procedurama.
02:49
And sometimes we even have to trust computers.
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I ponekad moramo verovati čak i kompjuterima.
02:54
So imagine hundreds of millions of voters
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Zamislite stotine miliona glasača
02:56
casting hundreds of millions of votes,
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kako daju stotine miliona glasova,
02:58
all to be counted correctly
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da se ispravno izbroje
03:01
and all the things that can possibly go wrong
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i sve stvari koje eventulano mogu poći naopako
03:04
causing all these bad headlines,
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izazivaju sve te loše vesti.
03:09
and you cannot help but feel exhausted at the idea
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I nemoguće je ne osećati se iscrpljeno povodom ideje
03:12
of trying to make elections better.
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da pokušate izbore napraviti boljim.
03:18
Well in the face of all these bad headlines,
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U inat svim ovim lošim vestima,
03:20
researchers have taken a step back
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istraživači su se vratili korak u nazad
03:23
and thought about how we can do elections differently.
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i mislili o tome kako izbori mogu drugačije da se održe.
03:27
They've zoomed out and looked at the big picture.
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Udaljili su se i uzeli u obzir čitavu sliku.
03:30
And the big picture is this:
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A ta slika je ovo:
03:32
elections should be verifiable.
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izbori treba da budu proverljivi.
03:36
Voters should be able to check
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Glasači bi trebalo da imaju mogućnost da provere
03:39
that their votes are counted correctly,
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da li su njihovi glasovi tačno izbrojani,
03:42
without breaking election secrecy,
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bez da se naruši tajnost izbora,
03:44
which is so very important.
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što je mnogo važno.
03:47
And that's the tough part.
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I to je težak deo.
03:49
How do we make an election system completely verifiable
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Kako da napravimo sistem izbora koji se može proveriti,
03:52
while keeping the votes
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a da glasovi i dalje budu
03:54
absolutely secret?
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potpuno tajni?
03:56
Well, the way we've come up with
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Sistem kojeg smo se mi dosetili
03:58
uses computers
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koristi kompjutere,
04:00
but doesn't depend on them.
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ali ne zavisi od njih.
04:02
And the secret is the ballot form.
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A tajna je u glasačkom listiću.
04:04
And if you look closely at these ballot forms,
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Ako pažljivo pogledate ove listiće,
04:06
you'll notice that the candidate list
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primetićete da je redosled kandidata
04:08
is in a different order on each one.
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drugačiji na svakom listiću.
04:10
And that means, if you mark your choices on one of them
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U suštini, ako obeležite svoj glas na jednom od njih
04:13
and then remove the candidate list,
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i onda uklonite listu,
04:15
I won't be able to tell from the bit remaining
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neću biti u stanju da na osnovu preostalog
04:18
what your vote is for.
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kažem za koga ste glasali.
04:21
And on each ballot form there is this encrypted value
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Na svakom listiću postoji ova šifrovana vrednost
04:24
in the form of this 2D barcode
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u obliku ovog 2D barkoda
04:26
on the right.
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sa desne strane.
04:28
And there's some complicated cryptography
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I tu se dešava neka komplikovana kriptografija,
04:30
going on in there,
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ali ono što
04:32
but what's not complicated
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nije složeno jeste
04:34
is voting with one of these forms.
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glasanje sa jednim takvim listićem.
04:37
So we can let computers do all the complicated cryptography for us,
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Dakle, možemo pustiti kompjutere da urade tu složenu kriptografiju za nas,
04:40
and then we'll use the paper for verification.
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a mi da uzmemo papir za potvrdu.
04:44
So this is how you vote.
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Ovako izgleda glasanje.
04:46
You get one of these ballot forms at random,
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Nasumičnim izborom dobijete jedan od ovih listića,
04:50
and then you go into the voting booth,
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odete u glasačku kabinu,
04:52
and you mark your choices,
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obeležite svoje izbore,
04:54
and you tear along a perforation.
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i pocepate duž perforacije.
04:59
And you shred the candidate list.
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I uništite listu kandidata.
05:02
And the bit that remains, the one with your marks --
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I ono što ostane, ono sa vašim glasovima,
05:05
this is your encrypted vote.
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to je vaš šifrovani glas.
05:07
So you let a poll station worker
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Nakon toga date radniku na izborima
05:09
scan your encrypted vote.
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da skenira vaš šifrovan glas.
05:11
And because it's encrypted,
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I zbog toga što je šifrovan,
05:13
it can be submitted, stored
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može da se upiše, sačuva
05:15
and counted centrally
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i računa,
05:18
and displayed on a website
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i da se prikaže na sajtu
05:20
for anyone to see, including you.
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da svako može da vidi, pa i vi.
05:23
So you take this encrypted vote
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Tako da i nosite taj šifrovan glas
05:26
home as your receipt.
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kući kao vašu priznanicu.
05:28
And after the close of the election,
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I nakon zatvaranja glasačkih mesta,
05:30
you can check that your vote was counted
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možete proveriti da li su brojali vaše glasove
05:32
by comparing your receipt
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poredeći vašu potvrdu
05:35
to the vote on the website.
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sa glasovima na sajtu.
05:39
And remember, the vote is encrypted
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I zapamtite, glas je šifrovan
05:41
from the moment you leave the voting booth,
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od trenutka kada napustite glasačko mesto,
05:44
so if an election official wants to find out how you voted,
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tako da i u slučaju da zvaničnici izbora žele da saznaju kako ste glasali,
05:47
they will not be able to.
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neće to moći.
05:49
If the government wants to find out how you voted,
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Ako vlada želi da sazna kako ste glasali,
05:51
they won't be able to.
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neće to moći.
05:54
No hacker can break in
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Ni jedan haker ne može da
05:56
and find out how you voted.
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provali i sazna kako ste glasali.
05:58
No hacker can break in and change your vote,
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Ni jedan haker ne može da provali i promeni vaš glas,
06:01
because then it won't match your receipt.
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jer se onda neće slagati sa vašom priznanicom.
06:04
Votes can't go missing
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Glasovi ne mogu da nestanu,
06:07
because then you won't find yours when you look for it.
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jer onda nećete naći svoj glas kada ga budete tražili.
06:11
But the election magic doesn't stop there.
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Ali magija izbora se ovde ne završava.
06:14
Instead, we want to make the whole process
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Mi želimo da čitav proces napravimo tako
06:16
so transparent
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transparentnim
06:18
that news media and international observers
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da novinari i međunarodni posmatrači
06:21
and anyone who wants to
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ili svako ko to želi,
06:23
can download all the election data
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može da preuzme podatke sa izbora
06:25
and do the count themselves.
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i sam prebroji glasove.
06:27
They can check that all the votes were counted correctly.
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Mogu proveriti da li su svi glasovi ispravno prebrojani.
06:30
They can check
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Mogu proveriti
06:32
that the announced result of the election
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da li je objavljeni rezultat izbora
06:34
is the correct one.
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ispravan.
06:36
And these are elections
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Ovo su izbori od
06:38
by the people, for the people.
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naroda, za narod, tako
06:40
So the next step for our democracies
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da je sledeći korak u našoj demokratiji
06:43
are transparent
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transparentni
06:45
and verifiable elections.
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i proverljivi izbori.
06:47
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
06:49
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Bismark - Voting system designerDavid Bismark has co-developed an electronic voting system that contains a simple and reliable method of verification.
Why you should listen
One of the main objections to e-voting is that it's difficult for each voter to know that her vote was recorded accurately and counted correctly, while she remains anonymous. In the system designed by David Bismark and his colleagues, each voter gets a takeaway slip that serves as a record of the vote, and allows elections to be independently verified.
Apart from his work on voting systems, Bismark runs Recito Förlag, a publishing company in Sweden.
David Bismark | Speaker | TED.com