TEDxColumbus
Chris Domas: The 1s and 0s behind cyber warfare
Kris Doma (Chris Domas): Jedinice i nule koje stoje iza sajber ratovanja
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Readability: 4
1,109,814 views
Kris Doma je istraživač sajberbezbednosti koji radi na onome što je postalo novo ratno polje, ,,sajber". U ovom upečatljivom govoru, on pokazuje kako istraživači koriste prepoznavanje šablona i obrnuti inženjering (i provode po koju besanu noć) da bi razumeli odlomke binarnih kodova čija svrha i sadržaj im nisu poznati.
Chris Domas - Cybersecurity researcher
Chris Domas is an embedded systems engineer and cybersecurity researcher. Full bio
Chris Domas is an embedded systems engineer and cybersecurity researcher. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
This is a lot of ones and zeros.
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Ovo je puno jedinica i nula.
00:15
It's what we call binary information.
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Ovo je ono što zovemo
binarnim informacijama.
binarnim informacijama.
00:18
This is how computers talk.
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Ovako kompjuteri govore.
00:19
It's how they store information.
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Ovako čuvaju informacije.
00:21
It's how computers think.
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Ovako kompjuteri misle.
00:23
It's how computers do
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Ovako kompjuteri rade
00:24
everything it is that computers do.
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sve ono što rade.
00:27
I'm a cybersecurity researcher,
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Ja sam istraživač sajberbezbednosti,
što znači da je moj posao da sednem
i od ovih podataka
i od ovih podataka
00:29
which means my job is to sit
down with this information
down with this information
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00:31
and try to make sense of it,
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pokušam da izvučem neki smisao,
00:32
to try to understand what all
the ones and zeroes mean.
the ones and zeroes mean.
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da probam da shvatim šta sve ove
jedinice i nule znače.
jedinice i nule znače.
00:35
Unfortunately for me, we're not just talking
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Nesrećom po mene, ne radi se samo
00:37
about the ones and zeros
I have on the screen here.
I have on the screen here.
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o ovim jedinicama i nulama na ekranu.
00:39
We're not just talking about a
few pages of ones and zeros.
few pages of ones and zeros.
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Ne pričamo samo
o nekoliko stranica nula i jedinica.
o nekoliko stranica nula i jedinica.
00:42
We're talking about billions and billions
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Govorimo o milijardama i milijardama
00:45
of ones and zeros,
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jedinica i nula,
00:46
more than anyone could possibly comprehend.
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više nego što se može zamisliti.
00:49
Now, as exciting as that sounds,
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Sad, koliko god to uzbudljivo zvučalo,
00:50
when I first started doing cyber —
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kad sam tek počeo da se bavim sajberom
00:53
(Laughter) —
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(Smeh)
u početku nisam bio siguran
00:55
when I first started doing cyber, I wasn't sure
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da je pregledanje jedinica i nula
00:57
that sifting through ones and zeros
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00:58
was what I wanted to do with the rest of my life,
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baš ono čime želim
da se bavim ceo život,
da se bavim ceo život,
jer u mojoj glavi,
01:00
because in my mind, cyber
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sajber je bilo držanje virusa podalje
od kompjutera moje bake,
od kompjutera moje bake,
01:02
was keeping viruses off of my grandma's computer,
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ili zaštita korisnika Majspejsa
od hakovanja,
od hakovanja,
01:06
it was keeping people's Myspace
pages from being hacked,
pages from being hacked,
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a možda bi, jednog mog slavnog dana,
01:09
and maybe, maybe on my most glorious day,
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to bilo sprečavanje krađe informacija
sa kreditne kartice.
sa kreditne kartice.
01:12
it was keeping someone's credit
card information from being stolen.
card information from being stolen.
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To su sve važne stvari,
01:15
Those are important things,
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ali nisam tako želeo da provedem život.
01:17
but that's not how I wanted to spend my life.
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Ali posle pola sata rada
01:19
But after 30 minutes of work
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u namenskoj industriji,
01:21
as a defense contractor,
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01:23
I soon found out that my idea of cyber
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shvatio sam da je moja ideja o sajberu
pomalo pogrešna.
01:26
was a little bit off.
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Zapravo, u kontekstu
nacionalne bezbednosti,
nacionalne bezbednosti,
01:27
In fact, in terms of national security,
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čuvanje bakinog kompjutera
od virusa je bilo
od virusa je bilo
01:29
keeping viruses off of my grandma's computer
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01:31
was surprisingly low on their priority list.
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iznenađujuće nisko na listi prioriteta.
Razlog za ovo je to što je sajber
01:35
And the reason for that is cyber
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01:36
is so much bigger than any one of those things.
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mnogo veći od svih ovih stvari.
Sajber je sastavni deo naših života,
01:40
Cyber is an integral part of all of our lives,
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jer su kompjuteri
sastavni deo naših života
sastavni deo naših života
01:43
because computers are an
integral part of all of our lives,
integral part of all of our lives,
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01:46
even if you don't own a computer.
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čak i ako nemamo kompjuter.
Kompjuteri kontrolišu sve u vašim kolima,
01:48
Computers control everything in your car,
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od GPS-a do vazdušnih jastuka.
01:50
from your GPS to your airbags.
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Kontrolišu vaše telefone.
01:52
They control your phone.
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Oni su razlog što možete zvati policiju
01:53
They're the reason you can call 911
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01:55
and get someone on the other line.
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i dobiti odgovor sa druge strane.
01:56
They control our nation's entire infrastructure.
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Oni kontrolišu celu infrastrukturu nacije.
Oni su razlog zašto imamo struju,
01:59
They're the reason you have electricity,
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grejanje, čistu vodu, hranu.
02:01
heat, clean water, food.
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Kompjuteri kontrolišu vojnu opremu,
02:03
Computers control our military equipment,
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sve od raketnih silosa i satelita,
02:05
everything from missile silos to satellites
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02:07
to nuclear defense networks.
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do nuklearne mreže odbrane.
Sve ove stvari su moguće
02:11
All of these things are made possible
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zahvaljujući kompjuterima,
02:13
because of computers,
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pa prema tome i zahvaljujući sajberu,
02:14
and therefore because of cyber,
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02:16
and when something goes wrong,
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jer kad nešto krene naopako,
02:18
cyber can make all of these things impossible.
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sajber može sve te stvari da onemogući.
Ali tada na scenu stupam ja.
02:21
But that's where I step in.
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Važan deo mog posla
je zaštita svih tih stvari,
je zaštita svih tih stvari,
02:22
A big part of my job is defending all of these things,
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održavanje njihovog rada,
02:25
keeping them working,
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ali ponekad, to je i rušenje
nekih od ovih stvari,
nekih od ovih stvari,
02:27
but once in a while, part of my
job is to break one of these things,
job is to break one of these things,
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02:29
because cyber isn't just about defense,
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jer sajber nije samo odbrana,
već i napad.
02:32
it's also about offense.
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Ulazimo u doba u kojem se govori
02:34
We're entering an age where we talk about
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o sajber oružju.
02:35
cyberweapons.
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02:37
In fact, so great is the potential for cyber offense
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Zapravo, potencijal
sajber napada je toliki
sajber napada je toliki
02:40
that cyber is considered a new domain of warfare.
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da se sajber smatra novim ratnim poljem.
Ratno polje.
02:44
Warfare.
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To nije nužno loša stvar.
02:45
It's not necessarily a bad thing.
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S jedne strane,
to znači da imamo ceo jedan novi front
to znači da imamo ceo jedan novi front
02:47
On the one hand, it means we have whole new front
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na kome moramo da se branimo,
02:50
on which we need to defend ourselves,
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02:52
but on the other hand,
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ali s druge strane,
to znači da imamo potpuno
nov način da napadamo,
nov način da napadamo,
02:53
it means we have a whole new way to attack,
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02:55
a whole new way to stop evil people
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potpuno nov način da zaustavimo zle ljude
02:57
from doing evil things.
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u njihovim zlim namerama.
Pa hajde da zamislimo jedan primer ovoga,
02:59
So let's consider an example of this
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03:01
that's completely theoretical.
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koji je potpuno teoretski.
Recimo da terorista hoće
da raznese zgradu,
da raznese zgradu,
03:03
Suppose a terrorist wants to blow up a building,
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i hoće to da uradi još nekoliko puta
03:05
and he wants to do this again and again
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u budućnosti.
03:07
in the future.
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Znači, ne želi da bude u zgradi
kad ona eksplodira.
kad ona eksplodira.
03:09
So he doesn't want to be in
that building when it explodes.
that building when it explodes.
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Koristiće mobilni telefon
03:11
He's going to use a cell phone
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kao daljinski detonator.
03:13
as a remote detonator.
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Nekada je jedini način
03:15
Now, it used to be the only way we had
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da se terorista zaustavi
03:17
to stop this terrorist
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bio pomoću pištolja i jurnjavom kolima,
03:19
was with a hail of bullets and a car chase,
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ali sada to više nije nužno tako.
03:21
but that's not necessarily true anymore.
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Ulazimo u doba
kada ga možemo zaustaviti
kada ga možemo zaustaviti
03:24
We're entering an age where we can stop him
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03:25
with the press of a button
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samo pritiskom dugmeta,
03:26
from 1,000 miles away,
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s udaljenosti od 1 600 kilometara,
jer, znao on to ili ne,
03:28
because whether he knew it or not,
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čim je rešio da koristi mobilni,
03:30
as soon as he decided to use his cell phone,
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03:32
he stepped into the realm of cyber.
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zakoračio je u carstvo sajbera.
Dobro osmišljen sajber napad bi mogao
da uđe u podatke s njegovog telefona,
da uđe u podatke s njegovog telefona,
03:35
A well-crafted cyber attack
could break into his phone,
could break into his phone,
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onemogući zaštitu baterije
od prevelikog napona,
od prevelikog napona,
03:38
disable the overvoltage protections on his battery,
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03:40
drastically overload the circuit,
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preoptereti strujna kola,
03:42
cause the battery to overheat, and explode.
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prouzrokuje pregrevanje baterije,
i ona eksplodira.
i ona eksplodira.
03:44
No more phone, no more detonator,
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Nema više telefona, nema detonatora,
03:47
maybe no more terrorist,
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možda više nema ni teroriste,
i sve to pritiskom na dugme
03:49
all with the press of a button
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03:50
from a thousand miles away.
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sa ogromne udaljenosti.
Pa kako to funkcioniše?
03:52
So how does this work?
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03:54
It all comes back to those ones and zeros.
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Sve počinje od ovih nula i jedinica.
03:56
Binary information makes your phone work,
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Binarne informacije
omogućavaju rad telefona,
omogućavaju rad telefona,
i ako se pravilno koriste,
mogu uzrokovati da telefon eksplodira.
mogu uzrokovati da telefon eksplodira.
03:59
and used correctly, it can make your phone explode.
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Pa kada se sajber posmatra iz ovog ugla,
04:03
So when you start to look at
cyber from this perspective,
cyber from this perspective,
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život proveden u pregledanju
binarnih informacija
binarnih informacija
04:05
spending your life sifting through binary information
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počinje da izgleda uzbudljivije.
04:09
starts to seem kind of exciting.
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Ali evo i cake: ovo je teško,
04:11
But here's the catch: This is hard,
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jako, jako teško,
04:14
really, really hard,
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i evo zašto.
04:15
and here's why.
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Pomislite na sve ono
što imate u telefonu.
što imate u telefonu.
04:17
Think about everything you have on your cell phone.
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04:20
You've got the pictures you've taken.
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Imate svoje slike.
Imate muziku koju slušate.
04:22
You've got the music you listen to.
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04:24
You've got your contacts list,
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Imate listu kontakata,
04:25
your email, and probably 500 apps
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imejl, i verovatno 500 aplikacija
04:27
you've never used in your entire life,
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koje niste nikad u životu koristili,
04:30
and behind all of this is the software, the code,
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i iza svega toga stoji softver,
kod koji kontroliše telefon,
04:34
that controls your phone,
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i negde, sakriven unutar tog koda
04:35
and somewhere, buried inside of that code,
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04:38
is a tiny piece that controls your battery,
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je malecni deo koji kontroliše bateriju,
i to je baš ono što meni treba,
04:41
and that's what I'm really after,
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ali sve to, gomila jedinica i nula,
04:42
but all of this, just a bunch of ones and zeros,
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i sve je to pomešano zajedno.
04:46
and it's all just mixed together.
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U sajberu ovo zovemo
traženje igle u gomili igala,
traženje igle u gomili igala,
04:48
In cyber, we call this finding a
needle in a stack of needles,
needle in a stack of needles,
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jer sve izgleda jako slično.
04:51
because everything pretty much looks alike.
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Ja tražim jedan ključni deo
04:54
I'm looking for one key piece,
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04:55
but it just blends in with everything else.
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ali on se utapa u sve oko njega.
Hajde da se malo udaljimo
od ove teoretske situacije
od ove teoretske situacije
04:58
So let's step back from this theoretical situation
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05:01
of making a terrorist's phone explode,
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u kojoj pokušavamo
da raznesemo telefon teroriste
da raznesemo telefon teroriste
05:03
and look at something that actually happened to me.
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i pričamo o nečemu
što mi se zapravo dogodilo.
što mi se zapravo dogodilo.
Uglavnom, šta god da radim,
05:06
Pretty much no matter what I do,
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05:07
my job always starts with sitting down
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moj posao započinje tako što sednem
05:09
with a whole bunch of binary information,
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pred gomilu binarnih informacija,
05:11
and I'm always looking for one key piece
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i uvek tražim jedan ključni deo
05:13
to do something specific.
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da bih mogao da uradim
nešto konkterno.
nešto konkterno.
U ovom slučaju,
tražio sam veoma napredan,
tražio sam veoma napredan,
05:15
In this case, I was looking for a very advanced,
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05:17
very high-tech piece of code
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visokotehnološki deo koda
05:18
that I knew I could hack,
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za koji sam znao
da mogu da hakujem,
da mogu da hakujem,
05:20
but it was somewhere buried
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ali bio je negde zatrpan
05:21
inside of a billion ones and zeroes.
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u milijardi jedinica i nula.
Na moju žalost, nisam znao
05:23
Unfortunately for me, I didn't know
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05:25
quite what I was looking for.
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šta tačno treba da tražim.
05:27
I didn't know quite what it would look like,
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Nisam znao baš kako to izgleda,
05:28
which makes finding it really, really hard.
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što je pronalaženje činilo još težim.
Kad moram da radim nešto ovako,
05:31
When I have to do that, what I have to do
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praktično moram
da gledam u različite delove
da gledam u različite delove
05:33
is basically look at various pieces
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05:35
of this binary information,
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ovih binarnih informacija,
probam da dešifrujem svaki deo,
05:37
try to decipher each piece, and see if it might be
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i vidim da li bi to moglo biti
ono što tražim.
ono što tražim.
05:39
what I'm after.
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05:40
So after a while, I thought I had found the piece
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I posle nekog vremena, mislio sam
05:42
I was looking for.
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da sam našao deo koji sam tražio.
05:43
I thought maybe this was it.
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Mislio sam da je to možda to.
05:45
It seemed to be about right, but I couldn't quite tell.
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Izgledalo je dobro,
ali nisam bio siguran.
ali nisam bio siguran.
05:47
I couldn't tell what those
ones and zeros represented.
ones and zeros represented.
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Nisam znao šta su tačno
te nule i jedinice predstavljale.
te nule i jedinice predstavljale.
Tako sam proveo neko vreme
pokušavajući sve da sklopim,
pokušavajući sve da sklopim,
05:50
So I spent some time trying to put this together,
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ali nisam baš imao sreće,
05:54
but wasn't having a whole lot of luck,
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i na kraju sam ipak odlučio
05:55
and finally I decided,
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05:56
I'm going to get through this,
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da ću da dovedem stvar do kraja,
05:58
I'm going to come in on a weekend,
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da ću da dođem preko vikenda
06:00
and I'm not going to leave
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i neću da odem dok ne otkrijem
06:01
until I figure out what this represents.
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šta taj deo predstavlja.
06:03
So that's what I did. I came
in on a Saturday morning,
in on a Saturday morning,
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To sam i uradio.
Došao sam u subotu ujutro,
Došao sam u subotu ujutro,
06:05
and about 10 hours in, I sort of
had all the pieces to the puzzle.
had all the pieces to the puzzle.
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i posle desetak sati,
imao sam sve delove slagalice.
imao sam sve delove slagalice.
Samo nisam znao
kako se uklapaju u celinu.
kako se uklapaju u celinu.
06:08
I just didn't know how they fit together.
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06:10
I didn't know what these ones and zeros meant.
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Nisam znao šta sve nule i jedinice znače.
I posle 15 sati,
06:13
At the 15-hour mark,
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2067
06:15
I started to get a better picture of what was there,
168
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2602
počeo sam da dobijam jasniju sliku
onoga što sam našao,
onoga što sam našao,
06:17
but I had a creeping suspicion
169
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1772
ali imao sam jeziv predosećaj
da ono u šta sam gledao
06:19
that what I was looking at
170
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1589
06:21
was not at all related to what I was looking for.
171
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2923
nema veze sa onim što sam tražio.
Posle 20 sati,
delići su se počeli uklapati
delići su se počeli uklapati
06:24
By 20 hours, the pieces started to come together
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06:26
very slowly — (Laughter) —
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veoma polako - (Smeh) -
06:30
and I was pretty sure I was going down
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i tad sam već bio siguran
06:31
the wrong path at this point,
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1939
da sam bio na pogrešnom putu,
06:33
but I wasn't going to give up.
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ali nisam hteo da odustanem.
Posle 30 sati provedenih u laboratoriji,
06:35
After 30 hours in the lab,
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2834
znao sam tačno u šta gledam,
06:38
I figured out exactly what I was looking at,
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i bio sam u pravu,
to nije bilo ono što sam tražio.
to nije bilo ono što sam tražio.
06:40
and I was right, it wasn't what I was looking for.
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Proveo sam 30 sati slažući
06:43
I spent 30 hours piecing together
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06:45
the ones and zeros that
formed a picture of a kitten.
formed a picture of a kitten.
181
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2722
jedinice i nule
koje su formirale sliku mačeta,
koje su formirale sliku mačeta,
(Smeh)
06:48
(Laughter)
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Potrošio sam 30 sati života
tražeći ovo mače
tražeći ovo mače
06:49
I wasted 30 hours of my life searching for this kitten
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06:53
that had nothing at all to do
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koje nije imalo veze sa onim
06:55
with what I was trying to accomplish.
185
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1987
što sam želeo da uradim.
06:57
So I was frustrated, I was exhausted.
186
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3863
Bio sam frustriran i premoren.
Posle 30 sati u laboratoriji,
verovatno sam užasno i mirisao.
verovatno sam užasno i mirisao.
07:01
After 30 hours in the lab, I probably smelled horrible.
187
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3226
Ali umesto da samo odem kući
07:04
But instead of just going home
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2230
07:06
and calling it quits, I took a step back
189
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2530
i odustanem, zastao sam
07:09
and asked myself, what went wrong here?
190
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2541
i zapitao se šta je ovde pošlo naopako?
Kako sam mogao da napravim
ovako glupu grešku?
ovako glupu grešku?
07:11
How could I make such a stupid mistake?
191
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2212
Prilično sam dobar u ovome.
07:14
I'm really pretty good at this.
192
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1398
Bavim se time.
07:15
I do this for a living.
193
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1319
Pa šta se desilo?
07:16
So what happened?
194
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2148
Pa, pomislio sam, kad tražiš
informacije na ovom nivou
informacije na ovom nivou
07:19
Well I thought, when you're
looking at information at this level,
looking at information at this level,
195
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2775
07:21
it's so easy to lose track of what you're doing.
196
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2827
tako je lako izgubiti pojam
o onome što radiš.
o onome što radiš.
07:24
It's easy to not see the forest through the trees.
197
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1744
Lako je ne videti šumu od drveća,
07:26
It's easy to go down the wrong rabbit hole
198
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2164
lako je završiti u ćorsokaku
07:28
and waste a tremendous amount of time
199
436548
1762
i potrošiti ogromnu količinu vremena
07:30
doing the wrong thing.
200
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1820
radeći pogrešnu stvar.
Ali, imao sam prosvetljenje.
07:32
But I had this epiphany.
201
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1600
07:33
We were looking at the data completely incorrectly
202
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2999
Tražili smo podatke
na potpuno pogrešan način
na potpuno pogrešan način
07:36
since day one.
203
444729
1490
od samog početka.
Ovako kompjuteri misle,
u jedinicama i nulama.
u jedinicama i nulama.
07:38
This is how computers think, ones and zeros.
204
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2103
07:40
It's not how people think,
205
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1392
Ljudi ne razmišljaju ovako,
ali pokušavali smo da prilagodimo svoj um
07:41
but we've been trying to adapt our minds
206
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2314
07:44
to think more like computers
207
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1345
tako da misle slično kompjuterima
07:45
so that we can understand this information.
208
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2597
da bismo mogli
da razumemo ove informacije.
da razumemo ove informacije.
Umesto da prilagodimo
naš um problemu,
naš um problemu,
07:47
Instead of trying to make our minds fit the problem,
209
455970
1950
07:49
we should have been making the problem
210
457920
1648
trebalo bi da prilagodimo problem
07:51
fit our minds,
211
459568
969
našem umu,
07:52
because our brains have a tremendous potential
212
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2109
jer naš mozak ima ogroman potencijal
07:54
for analyzing huge amounts of information,
213
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3086
da analizira ogromne
količine informacija,
količine informacija,
samo ne na ovaj način.
07:57
just not like this.
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465732
1297
Šta ako bismo mogli
da oslobodimo taj potencijal,
da oslobodimo taj potencijal,
07:59
So what if we could unlock that potential
215
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1467
08:00
just by translating this
216
468496
1527
samo prevodeći ovo
08:02
to the right kind of information?
217
470023
2848
u pravu vrstu informacija?
Sa ovom idejom na umu
08:04
So with these ideas in mind,
218
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1194
08:06
I sprinted out of my basement lab at work
219
474065
1618
izleteo sam iz laboratorije sa posla
08:07
to my basement lab at home,
220
475683
1307
u laboratoriju kod kuće,
08:08
which looked pretty much the same.
221
476990
1996
koje izgledaju skoro pa isto.
Glavna razlika je što sam na poslu
08:10
The main difference is, at work,
222
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1824
okružen sajber materijalom,
08:12
I'm surrounded by cyber materials,
223
480810
1579
a izgleda da je baš sajber
bio problem u ovoj situaciji.
bio problem u ovoj situaciji.
08:14
and cyber seemed to be the
problem in this situation.
problem in this situation.
224
482389
2605
08:16
At home, I'm surrounded by
everything else I've ever learned.
everything else I've ever learned.
225
484994
3353
Kod kuće, okružen sam
svime ostalim što sam naučio.
svime ostalim što sam naučio.
Pa sam prošao kroz svaku
knjigu koju sam našao
knjigu koju sam našao
08:20
So I poured through every book I could find,
226
488347
1872
08:22
every idea I'd ever encountered,
227
490219
1332
svaku ideju koju sam dobio
08:23
to see how could we translate a problem
228
491551
2146
da vidim kako da prevedem problem
08:25
from one domain to something completely different?
229
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3132
iz jednog domena
u nešto potpuno drugačije?
u nešto potpuno drugačije?
08:28
The biggest question was,
230
496829
1394
Najvažnije pitanje bilo je
08:30
what do we want to translate it to?
231
498223
1968
u šta tačno da ga prevedemo?
Šta naš mozak radi savršeno prirodno,
08:32
What do our brains do perfectly naturally
232
500191
2112
08:34
that we could exploit?
233
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1878
a što možemo da iskoristimo?
08:36
My answer was vision.
234
504181
2289
Moj odgovor je bio vid.
Imamo izvanrednu sposobnost
da analiziramo vizuelne informacije.
da analiziramo vizuelne informacije.
08:38
We have a tremendous capability
to analyze visual information.
to analyze visual information.
235
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3149
Možemo da kombinujemo
nijanse boja, znakove dubine,
nijanse boja, znakove dubine,
08:41
We can combine color gradients, depth cues,
236
509619
2583
08:44
all sorts of these different signals
237
512202
1788
sve te različite signale
08:45
into one coherent picture of the world around us.
238
513990
2395
u jednu skladnu sliku sveta oko nas.
To je neverovatno.
08:48
That's incredible.
239
516385
1407
Pa ako bismo mogli da pronađemo način
08:49
So if we could find a way to translate
240
517792
1381
08:51
these binary patterns to visual signals,
241
519173
2186
da prevedemo ove binarne obrasce
u vizuelne signale,
u vizuelne signale,
08:53
we could really unlock the power of our brains
242
521359
1832
zaista bismo oslobodili moć našeg mozga
08:55
to process this stuff.
243
523191
2710
da obradi ove podatke.
Tako sam počeo da pregledam
binarne informacije
binarne informacije
08:57
So I started looking at the binary information,
244
525901
1843
08:59
and I asked myself, what do I do
245
527744
1090
i zapitao se šta ja radim
09:00
when I first encounter something like this?
246
528834
1876
kada se prvi put sretnem
sa nečim ovakvim?
sa nečim ovakvim?
09:02
And the very first thing I want to do,
247
530710
1623
I prva stvar koju sam želeo da uradim,
09:04
the very first question I want to answer,
248
532333
1359
prvo pitanje na koje
sam želeo da odgovorim
sam želeo da odgovorim
09:05
is what is this?
249
533692
1278
09:06
I don't care what it does, how it works.
250
534970
2528
bilo je šta je ovo?
Ne zanima me šta radi, kako radi.
09:09
All I want to know is, what is this?
251
537498
2479
Sve što me zanima je šta je to.
I način na koji to mogu da saznam
09:11
And the way I can figure that out
252
539977
1675
09:13
is by looking at chunks,
253
541652
1683
je gledajući odlomke,
09:15
sequential chunks of binary information,
254
543335
2453
uzastopne grupe binarnih informacija
i pogledam veze između njih.
09:17
and I look at the relationships
between those chunks.
between those chunks.
255
545788
2902
Kada ih sakupim dovoljno,
09:20
When I gather up enough of these sequences,
256
548690
1772
09:22
I begin to get an idea of exactly
257
550462
2004
počinjem da dobijam ideju
šta bi ova informacija tačno mogla biti.
09:24
what this information must be.
258
552466
2634
Pa hajde da se vratimo na situaciju
09:27
So let's go back to that
259
555100
1184
09:28
blow up the terrorist's phone situation.
260
556284
2090
u kojoj raznesemo telefon teroriste.
Ovako izgleda engleski tekst
09:30
This is what English text looks like
261
558374
2203
na binarnom nivou.
09:32
at a binary level.
262
560577
1313
09:33
This is what your contacts list would look like
263
561890
2326
Ovako bi vaša lista kontakata izgledala
09:36
if I were examining it.
264
564216
1560
kada bih je pregledao.
09:37
It's really hard to analyze this at this level,
265
565776
2234
Veoma je teško analizirati na ovom nivou,
09:40
but if we take those same binary chunks
266
568010
2104
ali ako uzmemo te iste binarne odlomke
09:42
that I would be trying to find,
267
570114
1182
koje bih pokušavao da nađem,
09:43
and instead translate that
268
571296
1764
i umesto toga ih prevedemo
09:45
to a visual representation,
269
573060
1920
u vizuelne prikaze,
prevedemo njihove odnose,
09:46
translate those relationships,
270
574980
1797
dobijamo ovo.
09:48
this is what we get.
271
576777
1556
Ovako izgleda tekst na engleskom
09:50
This is what English text looks like
272
578333
1914
09:52
from a visual abstraction perspective.
273
580247
2671
iz perspektive vizuelne apstrakcije.
Iznenada,
09:54
All of a sudden,
274
582918
1140
pokazuje nam sve iste informacije
09:56
it shows us all the same information
275
584058
1435
koje su bile u jedinicama i nulama
09:57
that was in the ones and zeros,
276
585493
1172
09:58
but show us it in an entirely different way,
277
586665
2321
ali pokazuje ih na skroz drugačiji način,
na način koji možemo odmah da razumemo.
10:00
a way that we can immediately comprehend.
278
588986
1717
10:02
We can instantly see all of the patterns here.
279
590703
2965
Možemo odmah da vidimo šablon.
Treba mi samo par sekundi
da ovde izdvojim šablone,
da ovde izdvojim šablone,
10:05
It takes me seconds to pick out patterns here,
280
593668
2592
ali bi mi trebali sati, dani,
10:08
but hours, days, to pick them out
281
596260
2254
da ih uočim u nulama i jedinicama.
10:10
in ones and zeros.
282
598514
1320
Potrebno je samo nekoliko minuta
10:11
It takes minutes for anybody to learn
283
599834
1736
da se nauči šta ovi šabloni predstavljaju,
10:13
what these patterns represent here,
284
601570
1665
10:15
but years of experience in cyber
285
603235
2247
ali su potrebne godine iskustva u sajberu
10:17
to learn what those same patterns represent
286
605482
1654
da se nauči šta ti isti šabloni
predstavljaju u jedinicama i nulama.
10:19
in ones and zeros.
287
607136
1586
10:20
So this piece is caused by
288
608722
1662
Ovaj deo izgleda ovako
jer predstavlja mala slova
iza kojih sledi još malih slova
iza kojih sledi još malih slova
10:22
lower case letters followed by lower case letters
289
610384
2024
10:24
inside of that contact list.
290
612408
1767
unutar ove liste kontakata.
10:26
This is upper case by upper case,
291
614175
1341
Ovo su velika slova pored velikih slova,
10:27
upper case by lower case, lower case by upper case.
292
615516
2685
velika pored malih, mala pored velikih.
10:30
This is caused by spaces. This
is caused by carriage returns.
is caused by carriage returns.
293
618201
2686
Ovo su razmaci.
Ovo je prelazak u novi red.
Ovo je prelazak u novi red.
Možemo pregledati svaki detalj
10:32
We can go through every little detail
294
620887
1508
10:34
of the binary information in seconds,
295
622395
2966
binarnih informacija u sekundama,
nasuprot nedeljama, mesecima,
na ovom nivou,
na ovom nivou,
10:37
as opposed to weeks, months, at this level.
296
625361
3534
Ovako izgleda slika
10:40
This is what an image looks like
297
628895
1512
sa vašeg telefona.
10:42
from your cell phone.
298
630407
1876
Ali ovako izgleda
10:44
But this is what it looks like
299
632283
1013
10:45
in a visual abstraction.
300
633296
1891
njena vizuelna apstrakcija.
10:47
This is what your music looks like,
301
635187
1985
Ovako izgleda vaša muzika,
ali ovo je njena vizuelna apstrakcija.
10:49
but here's its visual abstraction.
302
637172
2203
Za mene najvažnije,
10:51
Most importantly for me,
303
639375
1760
10:53
this is what the code on your cell phone looks like.
304
641135
3275
ovako ozgleda kod na vašem telefonu.
Na kraju, ovo je ono što mi treba,
10:56
This is what I'm after in the end,
305
644410
2157
ali ovo je njegova vizuelna apstrakcija.
10:58
but this is its visual abstraction.
306
646567
2140
Ako ne mogu da nađem ovo,
ne mogu da učinim da telefon eksplodira.
ne mogu da učinim da telefon eksplodira.
11:00
If I can find this, I can't make the phone explode.
307
648707
2509
11:03
I could spend weeks trying to find this
308
651216
2619
Mogao bih provesti nedelje tražeći ovo
u jedinicama i nulama,
11:05
in ones and zeros,
309
653835
1177
11:07
but it takes me seconds to pick out
310
655012
1784
ali trebaju mi sekunde da ga izdvojim
11:08
a visual abstraction like this.
311
656796
3304
od ostalih vizualnih apstrakcija.
Jedna od najboljih stvari u ovome
11:12
One of those most remarkable parts about all of this
312
660100
2492
je što nam daje potpuno nov način
da razumemo
da razumemo
11:14
is it gives us an entirely new way to understand
313
662592
2832
nove informacije,
stvari koje nismo pre videli.
stvari koje nismo pre videli.
11:17
new information, stuff that we haven't seen before.
314
665424
3239
Znam kako engleski izgleda
na binarnom nivou,
na binarnom nivou,
11:20
So I know what English looks like at a binary level,
315
668663
2504
11:23
and I know what its visual abstraction looks like,
316
671167
2110
i znam kako njegova
vizuelna apstrakcija izgleda,
vizuelna apstrakcija izgleda,
11:25
but I've never seen Russian binary in my entire life.
317
673277
3315
ali nikad nisam video
ruski na binarnom nivou.
ruski na binarnom nivou.
Trebale bi mi nedelje samo da provalim
11:28
It would take me weeks just to figure out
318
676592
1800
11:30
what I was looking at from raw ones and zeros,
319
678392
2997
u šta gledam,
samo na osnovu jedinica i nula,
samo na osnovu jedinica i nula,
ali pošto naš mozak može odmah da izdvoji
11:33
but because our brains can instantly pick up
320
681389
1751
11:35
and recognize these subtle patterns inside
321
683140
2817
i prepozna ove suptilne šablone
unutar ovih vizuelnih apstrakcija,
11:37
of these visual abstractions,
322
685957
1488
11:39
we can unconsciously apply those
323
687445
1832
možemo ih nesvesno primeniti
11:41
in new situations.
324
689277
1573
i u novim situacijama.
Pa evo kako ruski izgleda
11:42
So this is what Russian looks like
325
690850
1482
11:44
in a visual abstraction.
326
692332
1580
u vizualnoj apstrakciji.
11:45
Because I know what one language looks like,
327
693912
1804
Pošto znam kako jedan jezik izgleda,
11:47
I can recognize other languages
328
695716
1576
mogu da prepoznam i druge jezike,
11:49
even when I'm not familiar with them.
329
697292
1870
čak i ako ih ne znam.
Ovako izgleda fotografija,
11:51
This is what a photograph looks like,
330
699162
1786
11:52
but this is what clip art looks like.
331
700948
1887
ali ovako izgleda crtež.
Ovako izgleda kod na vašem telefonu,
11:54
This is what the code on your phone looks like,
332
702835
2555
a ovako izgleda kod na vašem kompjuteru.
11:57
but this is what the code on
your computer looks like.
your computer looks like.
333
705390
2707
Naš mozak može da uoči ove šablone
12:00
Our brains can pick up on these patterns
334
708097
1864
na načine na koje mi nikada ne bismo mogli
12:01
in ways that we never could have
335
709961
1951
12:03
from looking at raw ones and zeros.
336
711912
2496
kada bismo samo gledali u jedinice i nule.
Ali ovim smo tek zagrebali površinu
12:06
But we've really only scratched the surface
337
714408
1856
12:08
of what we can do with this approach.
338
716264
2137
onoga što se može uraditi ovim pristupom.
12:10
We've only begun to unlock the capabilities
339
718401
1678
Tek smo počeli da otključavamo mogućnosti
12:12
of our minds to process visual information.
340
720079
3315
našeg uma da procesira
vizuelne informacije.
vizuelne informacije.
Ako uzmemo te iste koncepte i prevedemo ih
12:15
If we take those same concepts and translate them
341
723394
1990
12:17
into three dimensions instead,
342
725384
1651
u tri dimenzije,
dobijamo potpuno nov način
razumevanja ovih informacija.
razumevanja ovih informacija.
12:19
we find entirely new ways of
making sense of information.
making sense of information.
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U sekundi možemo naći svaki šablon ovde.
12:22
In seconds, we can pick out every pattern here.
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12:24
we can see the cross associated with code.
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Možemo videti krst povezan sa kodom.
12:26
We can see cubes associated with text.
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Možemo videti kockice povezane sa tekstom.
12:28
We can even pick up the tiniest visual artifacts.
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Možemo čak razaznati
najsitnije vizuelne artefakte.
najsitnije vizuelne artefakte.
12:30
Things that would take us weeks,
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Stvari za koje bi nam trebale nedelje,
pa i meseci da ih pronađemo
među nulama i jedinicama,
među nulama i jedinicama,
12:33
months to find in ones and zeroes,
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2194
12:35
are immediately apparent
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odmah su uočljive
12:37
in some sort of visual abstraction,
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u nekoj vrsti vizuelne apstrakcije,
i kako nastavljamo ovim putem,
12:39
and as we continue to go through this
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12:40
and throw more and more information at it,
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2016
i ubacujemo sve više i više informacija,
12:42
what we find is that we're capable of processing
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shvatamo da smo sposobni da procesuiramo
12:44
billions of ones and zeros
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milijarde nula i jedinica
u roku od nekoliko sekundi
12:47
in a matter of seconds
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1168
12:48
just by using our brain's built-in ability
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koristeći samo prirodnu
sposobnost našeg mozga
sposobnost našeg mozga
12:51
to analyze patterns.
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1954
da analizira šablone.
12:53
So this is really nice and helpful,
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Ovo je sve stvarno lepo i korisno,
ali sve što ovako saznajem
je u šta gledam.
je u šta gledam.
12:55
but all this tells me is what I'm looking at.
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U ovoj fazi, na osnovu vizuelnih šablona,
12:58
So at this point, based on visual patterns,
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1484
12:59
I can find the code on the phone.
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mogu da pronađem kod na telefonu.
13:02
But that's not enough to blow up a battery.
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Ali to nije dovoljno da raznesem bateriju.
Sledeće što treba da uradim
je da nađem kod
je da nađem kod
13:04
The next thing I need to find is the code
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13:06
that controls the battery, but we're back
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koji kontroliše bateriju,
ali sad smo se vratili
ali sad smo se vratili
13:08
to the needle in a stack of needles problem.
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na problem igle u gomili igala.
13:09
That code looks pretty much like all the other code
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Taj kod izgleda baš kao i gomila
drugih kodova u sistemu.
13:12
on that system.
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Dakle, možda ne mogu da nađem kod
koji kontroliše bateriju,
koji kontroliše bateriju,
13:14
So I might not be able to find the
code that controls the battery,
code that controls the battery,
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13:16
but there's a lot of things
that are very similar to that.
that are very similar to that.
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2011
ali postoji mnogo stvari sličnih njemu.
13:18
You have code that controls your screen,
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1854
Imamo kod koji kontroliše ekran,
13:20
that controls your buttons,
that controls your microphones,
that controls your microphones,
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koji kontroliše dugmad,
koji kontroliše mikrofon,
koji kontroliše mikrofon,
13:22
so even if I can't find the code for the battery,
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pa čak i ako ne mogu
da nađem kod za bateriju,
da nađem kod za bateriju,
13:24
I bet I can find one of those things.
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sigurno mogu da nađem neku od ovih stvari.
13:27
So the next step in my binary analysis process
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Tako je moj sledeći korak
u binarnoj analizi
u binarnoj analizi
da pregledam informacije
13:29
is to look at pieces of information
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797808
1231
13:31
that are similar to each other.
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799039
2018
koje su međusobno slične.
13:33
It's really, really hard to do at a binary level,
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To je stvarno jako teško uraditi
na binarnom nivou,
na binarnom nivou,
ali ako prevedemo te sličnosti
u vizuelne apstrakcije,
u vizuelne apstrakcije,
13:37
but if we translate those similarities
to a visual abstraction instead,
to a visual abstraction instead,
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ja čak ne moram
ni da pretražujem informacije.
ni da pretražujem informacije.
13:40
I don't even have to sift through the raw data.
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Samo treba da sačekam da slika zasvetli
13:43
All I have to do is wait for the image to light up
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2155
13:45
to see when I'm at similar pieces.
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da vidim kad sam blizu sličnih delova.
13:47
I follow these strands of similarity
like a trail of bread crumbs
like a trail of bread crumbs
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Pratim ove niti sličnosti
kao trag od mrvica hleba
kao trag od mrvica hleba
13:50
to find exactly what I'm looking for.
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3106
da nađem baš to što meni treba.
U ovoj fazi procesa,
13:53
So at this point in the process,
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locirao sam kod
13:55
I've located the code
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1318
13:56
responsible for controlling your battery,
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1685
koji kontrološe bateriju,
13:58
but that's still not enough to blow up a phone.
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826383
2576
ali to i dalje nije dovoljno
da raznesem telefon.
da raznesem telefon.
Poslednji delić slagalice
14:00
The last piece of the puzzle
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828959
1564
je razumevanje kako taj kod
14:02
is understanding how that code
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2679
kontroliše bateriju.
14:05
controls your battery.
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1202
Za ovo, moram da identifikujem
14:06
For this, I need to identify
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14:08
very subtle, very detailed relationships
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1716
veoma suptilne, veoma detaljne odnose
14:10
within that binary information,
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2089
unutar tih binarnih informacija,
što je još jedna veoma teška stvar
14:12
another very hard thing to do
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1755
14:14
when looking at ones and zeros.
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2312
kada se gledaju nule i jedinice.
Ali ako te informacije prevedemo
14:16
But if we translate that information
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1396
14:18
into a physical representation,
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2180
u fizičku reprezentaciju,
možemo da sednemo i pustimo
naš vizuelni korteks da uradi težak posao.
naš vizuelni korteks da uradi težak posao.
14:20
we can sit back and let our
visual cortex do all the hard work.
visual cortex do all the hard work.
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3016
14:23
It can find all the detailed patterns,
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On može da nađe sve detaljne šablone,
14:24
all the important pieces, for us.
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2020
sve važne delove, umesto nas.
14:27
It can find out exactly how the pieces of that code
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Možđe da nađe tačno kako delovi tog koda
rade zajedno i kontrolišu bateriju.
14:29
work together to control that battery.
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857603
2934
Sve ovo se može završiti za nekoliko sati,
14:32
All of this can be done in a matter of hours,
404
860537
3004
dok bi nam za ceo posao
14:35
whereas the same process
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1356
14:36
would have taken months in the past.
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864897
2922
u prošlosti trebali meseci.
Sve je ovo dobro
14:39
This is all well and good
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1189
14:41
in a theoretical blow up a terrorist's phone situation.
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869008
2942
u teoretskoj situaciji
gde raznosimo telefon teroriste.
gde raznosimo telefon teroriste.
14:43
I wanted to find out if this would really work
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871950
2847
Hteo sam da saznam
da li ovo stvarno može da funkcioniše
da li ovo stvarno može da funkcioniše
na poslu koji radim svaki dan.
14:46
in the work I do every day.
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2629
14:49
So I was playing around with these same concepts
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3055
Tako sam se malo igrao
sa ovim istim konceptima,
sa ovim istim konceptima,
sa nekim informacijama
sa kojima sam radio ranije,
sa kojima sam radio ranije,
14:52
with some of the data I've looked at in the past,
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3024
i ponovo, pokušavao sam da nađem
14:55
and yet again, I was trying to find
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2492
14:57
a very detailed, specific piece of code
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885997
2208
neki veoma detaljan, specifičan deo koda
15:00
inside of a massive piece of binary information.
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888205
3595
unutar ogromne količine
binarnih informacija.
binarnih informacija.
Tako sam tražio na ovom nivou,
15:03
So I looked at it at this level,
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891800
1773
15:05
thinking I was looking at the right thing,
417
893573
1950
misleći da sam našao pravu stvar,
15:07
only to see this doesn't have
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2321
samo da bih shvatio da ovo baš i nema
povezanost kakvu sam očekivao da ima
15:09
the connectivity I would have expected
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897844
1740
15:11
for the code I was looking for.
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899584
1905
kod koji sam tražio.
15:13
In fact, I'm not really sure what this is,
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2603
Zapravo, nisam baš siguran šta je ovo,
ali kada sam otišao korak unazad
15:16
but when I stepped back a level
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1012
15:17
and looked at the similarities within the code
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1715
i pogledao sličnosti unutar kodova,
15:18
I saw, this doesn't have similarities
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2294
video sam, ovaj nema nikakvih sličnosti
15:21
like any code that exists out there.
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1491
sa kodovima koji postoje.
15:22
I can't even be looking at code.
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2225
Ovo što gledam čak nije ni kod.
Zapravo, iz ove perspektive,
15:24
In fact, from this perspective,
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2386
mogao sam da vidim da ovo nije kod.
15:27
I could tell, this isn't code.
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2048
Ovo je neka slika.
15:29
This is an image of some sort.
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2048
I odavde, vidim
15:31
And from here, I can see,
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1682
15:32
it's not just an image, this is a photograph.
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920993
2911
da to nije samo neka sličica,
ovo je fotografija.
ovo je fotografija.
Sad kad znam da je to fotografija,
15:35
Now that I know it's a photograph,
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1392
15:37
I've got dozens of other
binary translation techniques
binary translation techniques
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2930
imam gomilu drugih tehnika
prevoda binarnih informacija
prevoda binarnih informacija
da vizualizujem i razumem te informacije,
15:40
to visualize and understand that information,
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928226
2421
pa u par sekundi mogu
da uzmem te informacije,
da uzmem te informacije,
15:42
so in a matter of seconds,
we can take this information,
we can take this information,
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provučem ih kroz grupu drugih
vizuelnih prevodilačkih tehnika
vizuelnih prevodilačkih tehnika
15:45
shove it through a dozen other
visual translation techniques
visual translation techniques
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933190
2397
15:47
in order to find out exactly what we were looking at.
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935587
3731
da bih pronašao šta je to u šta gledam.
Video sam - (Smeh) -
15:51
I saw — (Laughter) —
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1682
15:53
it was that darn kitten again.
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3456
da je to opet ono prokleto mače.
Sve ovo je omogućeno
15:56
All this is enabled
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944456
1050
15:57
because we were able to find a way
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945506
1495
jer smo uspeli da nađemo način
15:59
to translate a very hard problem
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2029
da prevedemo veoma težak problem
16:01
to something our brains do very naturally.
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2512
u nešto što naš mozak radi prirodno.
Pa šta sad ovo znači?
16:03
So what does this mean?
444
951542
2238
Pa, za mačiće, znači
16:05
Well, for kittens, it means
445
953780
1545
16:07
no more hiding in ones and zeros.
446
955325
2417
da nema više skrivanja
među nulama i jedinicama.
među nulama i jedinicama.
16:09
For me, it means no more wasted weekends.
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3303
Za mene, znači da
nema više protraćenih vikenda.
nema više protraćenih vikenda.
16:13
For cyber, it means we have a radical new way
448
961045
2612
Za sajber, to znači da imamo
potpuno nov način
potpuno nov način
16:15
to tackle the most impossible problems.
449
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2965
da se suočimo sa najtežim problemima.
Znači da imamo novo oružje
16:18
It means we have a new weapon
450
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1812
16:20
in the evolving theater of cyber warfare,
451
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2416
na ovoj novoj sceni sajber ratnog polja
16:22
but for all of us,
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ali za sve nas,
16:24
it means that cyber engineers
453
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1475
znači da sajber inženjeri
16:25
now have the ability to become first responders
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sada imaju mogućnost da prvi odreaguju
16:27
in emergency situations.
455
975891
2583
u hitnim situacijama.
16:30
When seconds count,
456
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1047
Za situacije kada su i sekunde važne,
16:31
we've unlocked the means to stop the bad guys.
457
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3409
pronašli smo način
da zaustavimo loše momke.
da zaustavimo loše momke.
16:34
Thank you.
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Hvala.
(Aplauz)
16:36
(Applause)
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2962
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Domas - Cybersecurity researcherChris Domas is an embedded systems engineer and cybersecurity researcher.
Why you should listen
Chris Domas is a cyber-security researcher at the Battelle Memorial Institute. He specializes in embedded systems reverse-engineering (RE) and vulnerability analysis, figuring out how to manipulate electronic devices. Applying this towards national security, his group develops cyber technology that protects people on the newest front of global war.
Domas graduated from Ohio State University, where he set out to take every class offered by the school. He bounced between majors in electrical engineering, physics, mathematics, mechanical engineering, biology, chemistry, statistics, biomedical engineering, computer graphics, psychology, and linguistics, but finally ran out of money and was forced to graduate. Settling on a degree in computer science, with an irrelevant handful of minors, he joined Battelle as a cyber security researcher. Today, he strives to incorporate ideas from these disparate fields to tackle the world’s most challenging cyber problems in innovative and unexpected ways. As a result of his work, he received Battelle’s coveted 2013 Emerging Scientist and 2013 Technical Achievement awards. He continues to present research around the country, most recently at the cyber security conferences Black Hat, REcon and DerbyCon.
Chris Domas | Speaker | TED.com