TEDWomen 2016
Deepika Kurup: A young scientist's quest for clean water
Dipika Kurup (Deepika Kurup): Potraga jedne mlade naučnice za čistom vodom
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Dipika Kurup je sa 14 godina rešila da okonča svetsku krizu nedostatka čiste vode, kada je ispred kuće svojih deke i bake u Indiji videla decu kako piju vodu koja je njoj izgledala previše prljava da bi je i dotakla. Njeno istraživanje je počelo u kuhinji porodičnog doma i najzad dovelo do velike nagrade u polju nauke. Poslušajte kako je ova naučnica još kao tinejdžerka razvila jeftin i ekološki način za pročišćavanje vode.
Deepika Kurup - Inventor, student scientist
Water is the basis of life, and too many people around the world suffer from waterborne illnesses. Deepika Kurup is working to change that. Full bio
Water is the basis of life, and too many people around the world suffer from waterborne illnesses. Deepika Kurup is working to change that. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Every summer, my family and I
travel across the world,
travel across the world,
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Svakog leta, moja porodica i ja
putujemo preko pola sveta,
putujemo preko pola sveta,
na udaljenost od skoro 5 000 kilometara,
00:17
3,000 miles away
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00:19
to the culturally diverse
country of India.
country of India.
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u kulturološki raznoliku zemlju Indiju.
00:22
Now, India is a country infamous
for its scorching heat and humidity.
for its scorching heat and humidity.
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Indija je zloglasna država
zbog svoje vreline i vlažnosti.
zbog svoje vreline i vlažnosti.
00:27
For me, the only relief from this heat
is to drink plenty of water.
is to drink plenty of water.
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Za mene je jedini spas od ove vreline
u tome što pijem dosta vode.
u tome što pijem dosta vode.
00:32
Now, while in India,
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Ali dok smo u Indiji,
00:34
my parents always remind me
to only drink boiled or bottled water,
to only drink boiled or bottled water,
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roditelji me uvek podsećaju da pijem
samo prokuvanu ili flaširanu vodu,
samo prokuvanu ili flaširanu vodu,
00:39
because unlike here in America,
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jer za razliku od Amerike,
00:41
where I can just turn on a tap
and easily get clean, potable water,
and easily get clean, potable water,
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gde mogu samo da odvrnem česmu
i dobijem čistu vodu za piće,
i dobijem čistu vodu za piće,
00:46
in India, the water is often contaminated.
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u Indiji je voda često zagađena.
00:49
So my parents have to make sure
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Stoga moji roditelji moraju da provere
00:51
that the water we drink is safe.
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da je voda koju pijemo bezbedna.
00:54
However, I soon realized
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Međutim, ubrzo sam shvatila
00:56
that not everyone is fortunate enough
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da nemaju svi tu sreću
00:59
to enjoy the clean water we did.
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da uživaju u čistoj vodi kao mi.
01:03
Outside my grandparents' house
in the busy streets of India,
in the busy streets of India,
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Ispred kuće mojih deke i bake
u prometnim indijskim ulicama,
u prometnim indijskim ulicama,
01:07
I saw people standing in long lines
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videla sam ljude
koji stoje u dugim redovima
koji stoje u dugim redovima
01:10
under the hot sun
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na vrelom suncu
01:11
filling buckets with water from a tap.
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i pune kante vodom sa česme.
01:15
I even saw children,
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Videla sam čak i decu,
01:17
who looked the same age as me,
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koja su izgledala mojih godina,
01:20
filling up these clear plastic bottles
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kako pune plastične boce
01:22
with dirty water
from streams on the roadside.
from streams on the roadside.
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prljavom vodom iz potoka kraj puta.
01:26
Watching these kids
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Posmatranje ove dece
01:28
forced to drink water
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koja moraju da piju vodu
01:30
that I felt was too dirty to touch
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koja se meni činila
previše prljavom da je dodirnem
previše prljavom da je dodirnem
01:33
changed my perspective on the world.
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je promenilo moj pogled na svet.
01:37
This unacceptable social injustice
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Ova neprihvatljiva društvena nepravda
01:40
compelled me to want to find a solution
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me je naterala da poželim da nađem rešenje
01:43
to our world's clean water problem.
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svetskog problema nedostatka čiste vode.
01:46
I wanted to know
why these kids lacked water,
why these kids lacked water,
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Želela sam da znam
zašto ova deca nemaju čistu vodu,
zašto ova deca nemaju čistu vodu,
01:50
a substance that is essential for life.
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supstancu koja je neophodna za život.
01:53
And I learned that we are facing
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Shvatila sam da se susrećemo
01:55
a global water crisis.
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sa globalnim krizom nedostatka vode.
01:58
Now, this may seem surprising,
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Ovo vas može začuditi,
02:00
as 75 percent of our planet
is covered in water,
is covered in water,
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jer je 75% naše planete prekriveno vodom,
02:04
but only 2.5 percent
of that is freshwater,
of that is freshwater,
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ali samo 2,5% toga je slatka voda,
02:08
and less than one percent
of Earth's freshwater supply
of Earth's freshwater supply
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a manje od 1% slatke vode
02:12
is available for human consumption.
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je dostupno za ljudsku upotrebu.
02:15
With rising populations,
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Uz populaciju koja se povećava,
02:17
industrial development
and economic growth,
and economic growth,
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industrijski razvoj i ekonomski rast,
02:20
our demand for clean water is increasing,
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naša potreba za vodom se uvećava,
02:23
yet our freshwater resources
are rapidly depleting.
are rapidly depleting.
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ali se naše zalihe slatke vode
ubrzano troše.
ubrzano troše.
02:27
According to the
World Health Organization,
World Health Organization,
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Prema podacima
Svetske zdravstvene organizacije,
Svetske zdravstvene organizacije,
02:30
660 million people in our world
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660 miliona ljudi na svetu
02:34
lack access to a clean water source.
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nema pristup čistoj vodi.
02:37
Lack of access to clean water
is a leading cause of death
is a leading cause of death
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Nedostatak čiste vode
je glavni uzrok smrti
je glavni uzrok smrti
02:41
in children under the age of five
in developing countries,
in developing countries,
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među decom mlađom od pet godina
u zemljama u razvoju,
u zemljama u razvoju,
02:44
and UNICEF estimates that 3,000 children
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a UNICEF procenjuje da oko 3 000 dece
02:47
die every day from
a water-related disease.
a water-related disease.
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svakodnevno umru od bolesti
koje se prenose vodom.
koje se prenose vodom.
02:52
So after returning home
one summer in eighth grade,
one summer in eighth grade,
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I tako, vrativši se kući jednog leta
u osmom razredu,
u osmom razredu,
02:55
I decided that I wanted
to combine my passion
to combine my passion
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odlučila sam da želim
da spojim svoju strast
da spojim svoju strast
02:58
for solving the global water crisis
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za rešavanjem globalne krize
nedostatka vode
nedostatka vode
03:00
with my interest in science.
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sa svojim zanimanjem za nauku.
Odlučila sam da bi najbolja stvar
koju bi mogla da uradim
koju bi mogla da uradim
03:03
So I decided that the best thing to do
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03:05
would be to convert my garage
into a laboratory.
into a laboratory.
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bilo da pretvorim garažu u laboratoriju.
03:11
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:13
Actually, at first I converted
my kitchen into a laboratory,
my kitchen into a laboratory,
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U stvari, prvo sam pretvorila
kuhinju u laboratoriju,
kuhinju u laboratoriju,
03:17
but my parents didn't really approve
and kicked me out.
and kicked me out.
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ali se moji roditelji
nisu baš složili i isterali su me.
nisu baš složili i isterali su me.
03:21
I also read a lot of journal papers
on water-related research,
on water-related research,
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Takođe sam čitala
dosta istraživačkih radova o vodi
dosta istraživačkih radova o vodi
03:25
and I learned that currently
in developing countries,
in developing countries,
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i otkrila da se trenutno
u razvijenim zemljama
u razvijenim zemljama
03:28
something called solar disinfection,
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nešto pod nazivom solarna dezinfekcija
03:31
or SODIS, is used to purify water.
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ili SODIS koristi za pročišćavanje vode.
03:35
In SODIS, clear plastic bottles
are filled with contaminated water
are filled with contaminated water
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Čiste plastične boce
se napune zagađenom vodom
se napune zagađenom vodom
03:39
and then exposed to sunlight
for six to eight hours.
for six to eight hours.
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i onda ostave na suncu šest do osam sati.
03:43
The UV radiation from the sun
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Sunčevo UV zračenje
03:45
destroys the DNA
of these harmful pathogens
of these harmful pathogens
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uništava DNK ovih štetnih patogena
03:49
and decontaminates the water.
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i čisti vodu.
03:51
Now, while SODIS is really easy to use
and energy-efficient,
and energy-efficient,
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Iako je SODIS zaista jednostavan
i štedi energiju
i štedi energiju
03:55
as it only uses solar energy,
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time što koristi samo solarnu energiju,
03:57
it's really slow,
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veoma je spor,
03:59
as it can take up to two days
when it's cloudy.
when it's cloudy.
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jer proces može da potraje
do dva dana kada je oblačno.
do dva dana kada je oblačno.
04:02
So in order to make
the SODIS process faster,
the SODIS process faster,
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Kako bi se ubrzao proces,
04:06
this new method called photocatalysis
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novi metod pod imenom fotokataliza
04:09
has recently been used.
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se od nedavno koristi.
04:11
So what exactly is this photocatalysis?
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Dakle, šta je tačno fotokataliza?
04:14
Let's break it down:
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Rastavimo je u delove:
04:15
"photo" means from the sun,
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„foto“ znači da dolazi od sunca,
04:17
and a catalyst is something
that speeds up a reaction.
that speeds up a reaction.
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a katalizator je nešto
što ubrzava datu reakciju.
što ubrzava datu reakciju.
04:21
So what photocatalysis is doing
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Dakle, fotokatalizator samo ubrzava
04:23
is it's just speeding up
this solar disinfection process.
this solar disinfection process.
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proces solarnog pročišćavanja vode.
04:27
When sunlight comes in
and strikes a photocatalyst,
and strikes a photocatalyst,
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Kada se pojavi sunčeva svetlost
i dosegne fotokatalizator,
i dosegne fotokatalizator,
04:30
like TiO2, or titanium dioxide,
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kao što je TiO2 ili titanijum-dioksid,
04:34
it creates these
really reactive oxygen species,
really reactive oxygen species,
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on stvara veoma reaktivne vrste kiseonika
04:37
like superoxides, hydrogen peroxide
and hydroxyl radicals.
and hydroxyl radicals.
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poput superoksida, hidrogen-peroksida
ili hidroksil radikala.
ili hidroksil radikala.
04:42
These reactive oxygen species
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Ove reaktivne vrste kiseonika
04:44
are able to remove bacteria and organics
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mogu da uklone iz pijaće vode
bakterije, organska jedinjenja
bakterije, organska jedinjenja
04:47
and a whole lot of contaminants
from drinking water.
from drinking water.
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i veliki broj drugih zagađivača.
04:51
But unfortunately,
there are several disadvantages
there are several disadvantages
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Nažalost, postoji nekoliko mana
04:55
to the way photocatalytic SODIS
is currently deployed.
is currently deployed.
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načina na koji se fotokalizatorski SODIS
trenutno upotrebljava.
trenutno upotrebljava.
04:59
See, what they do is they take
the clear plastic bottles
the clear plastic bottles
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Oni uzimaju prazne plastične boce
05:02
and they coat the inside
with this photocatalytic coating.
with this photocatalytic coating.
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i oblažu unutrašnjost tom
fotokatalizatorskom oblogom.
fotokatalizatorskom oblogom.
05:07
But photocatalysts like titanium dioxide
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Ali neki od fotokatalizatora
poput titanijum-dioksida
poput titanijum-dioksida
05:10
are actually commonly used in sunscreens
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se često koriste u kremama za sunčanje
05:13
to block UV radiation.
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da blokiraju UV zračenje.
05:15
So when they're coated
on the inside of these bottles,
on the inside of these bottles,
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Tako da kada unutrašnjost boca
obložimo njima,
obložimo njima,
05:18
they're actually blocking
some of the UV radiation
some of the UV radiation
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u stvari blokiraju jedan deo UV zračenja
05:21
and diminishing the efficiency
of the process.
of the process.
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i smanjuju efikasnost procesa.
05:24
Also, these photocatalytic coatings
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Takođe, ova fotokatalitička obloga
05:26
are not tightly bound
to the plastic bottle,
to the plastic bottle,
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nije tesno pripijena uz plastičnu bocu,
05:29
which means they wash off,
and people end up drinking the catalyst.
and people end up drinking the catalyst.
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što znači da otpadne i ljudi na kraju
popiju sam katalizator.
popiju sam katalizator.
05:34
While TiO2 is safe and inert,
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Iako je TiO2 bezbedan i inertan,
05:37
it's really inefficient
if you keep drinking the catalyst,
if you keep drinking the catalyst,
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zaista je neefikasno
ako kontinuirano pijete katalizator
ako kontinuirano pijete katalizator
05:39
because then you have
to continue to replenish it,
to continue to replenish it,
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jer onda morate da ga dopunite
posle svega nekoliko upotreba.
05:42
even after a few uses.
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05:44
So my goal was
to overcome the disadvantages
to overcome the disadvantages
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Moj cilj je stoga bio da savladam mane
05:47
of these current treatment methods
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ovih aktuelnih metoda
05:49
and create a safe, sustainable,
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i stvorim bezbedan, održiv,
05:52
cost-effective and eco-friendly
method of purifying water.
method of purifying water.
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jeftin i ekološki način
pročišćavanja vode.
pročišćavanja vode.
Ono što je počelo kao projekat
za naučno takmičenje u osmom razredu
za naučno takmičenje u osmom razredu
05:57
What started off as an eighth grade
science fair project
science fair project
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06:00
is now my photocatalytic composite
for water purification.
for water purification.
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je sada moja fotokatolizatorska smeša
za pročišćavanje vode.
za pročišćavanje vode.
06:05
The composite combines
titanium dioxide with cement.
titanium dioxide with cement.
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Smeša je kombinacija
titanijum-dioksida i cementa.
titanijum-dioksida i cementa.
06:09
The cement-like composite can be formed
into several different shapes,
into several different shapes,
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Smeša na bazi cementa se može oblikovati
u nekoliko različitih oblika,
u nekoliko različitih oblika,
06:13
which results in an extremely
versatile range of deployment methods.
versatile range of deployment methods.
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što dovodi do veoma raznovrsnih
metoda za upotrebu.
metoda za upotrebu.
06:18
For example, you could create a rod
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Na primer, mogli biste da napravite šipku
06:20
that can easily be placed
inside water bottles for individual use
inside water bottles for individual use
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koju biste lako stavili
u bocu za ličnu upotrebu
u bocu za ličnu upotrebu
06:24
or you could create a porous filter
that can filter water for families.
that can filter water for families.
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ili biste mogli da napravite
propustljiv filter
propustljiv filter
koji može da pročišćava vodu za porodice.
06:29
You can even coat the inside
of an existing water tank
of an existing water tank
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Mogli biste čak da obložite
unutrašnjost rezervoara za vodu
unutrašnjost rezervoara za vodu
06:33
to purify larger amounts of water
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da biste pročistili dovoljno vode
06:35
for communities
over a longer period of time.
over a longer period of time.
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za čitave zajednice
tokom dužeg vremenskog perioda.
tokom dužeg vremenskog perioda.
06:39
Now, over the course of this,
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Tokom razvoja ovog projekta,
06:41
my journey hasn't really been easy.
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moj put nije bio bez poteškoća.
06:44
You know, I didn't have access
to a sophisticated laboratory.
to a sophisticated laboratory.
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Nisam imala pristup
opremljenoj laboratoriji.
opremljenoj laboratoriji.
06:47
I was 14 years old when I started,
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Imala sam 14 godina kad sam počela,
06:51
but I didn't let my age deter me
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ali me moje godine nisu odvratile
06:53
in my interest
in pursuing scientific research
in pursuing scientific research
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od interesovanja za naučno istraživanje
06:56
and wanting to solve
the global water crisis.
the global water crisis.
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i želje da nađem rešenje
za globalnu krizu vode.
za globalnu krizu vode.
06:59
See, water isn't
just the universal solvent.
just the universal solvent.
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Znate, voda nije
samo univerzalni rastvarač.
samo univerzalni rastvarač.
07:03
Water is a universal human right.
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Voda je univerzalno ljudsko pravo.
07:07
And for that reason,
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I zbog toga nastavljam da radim
na ovom projektu iz 2012. godine
na ovom projektu iz 2012. godine
07:08
I'm continuing to work
on this science fair project from 2012
on this science fair project from 2012
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07:12
to bring it from the laboratory
into the real world.
into the real world.
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kako bi dospeo iz laboratorije
u stvaran svet.
u stvaran svet.
07:15
And this summer,
I founded Catalyst for World Water,
I founded Catalyst for World Water,
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A ovog leta sam osnovala
„Katalizator za vodu u svetu“
„Katalizator za vodu u svetu“
07:19
a social enterprise aimed at catalyzing
solutions to the global water crisis.
solutions to the global water crisis.
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društveno odgovorno preduzeće čiji je cilj
da razvije rešenja za globalnu krizu vode.
da razvije rešenja za globalnu krizu vode.
07:25
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
07:32
Alone, a single drop of water
can't do much,
can't do much,
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Jedna kapljica vode
sama ne može da učini puno,
sama ne može da učini puno,
07:36
but when many drops come together,
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ali kada se združi mnogo kapljica,
07:38
they can sustain life on our planet.
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mogu da održe život na zemlji.
07:42
Just as water drops
come together to form oceans,
come together to form oceans,
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Baš kao što se kapljice vode
združuju da stvore okeane,
združuju da stvore okeane,
07:45
I believe that we all must come together
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verujem da svi mi moramo da se udružimo
07:48
when tackling this global problem.
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u borbi protiv ovog globalnog problema.
07:51
Thank you.
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Hvala.
07:52
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
07:55
Thank you.
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Hvala.
07:57
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Deepika Kurup - Inventor, student scientistWater is the basis of life, and too many people around the world suffer from waterborne illnesses. Deepika Kurup is working to change that.
Why you should listen
Deepika Kurup is a scientist, speaker, social entrepreneur and student at Harvard University. She has been passionate about solving the global water crisis ever since she was in middle school. After witnessing children in India drinking dirty water, Kurup developed a water purification system that harnesses solar energy to remove contaminants from water.
Recognized as "America’s Top Young Scientist" in 2012, Kurup won the grand prize in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge. In 2014 she was honored with the "United States President's Environmental Youth Award" and represented the United States in Stockholm, Sweden at the international Stockholm Junior Water Prize. Most recently Kurup was named one of the Forbes' "30 Under 30: Energy" and was the National Geographic Explorer Award Winner in the 2015 Google Science Fair. She attended the 2016 (and 2013) White House Science Fair. Currently she is CEO and founder Catalyst for World Water, a social enterprise aimed at deploying the technology she developed in water-scarce areas.
Along with research, Kurup is passionate about STEM education, and she feels that STEM education has the power to revolutionize the world. In her free time, she enjoys giving talks and writing articles to encourage students all around the world to pursue science, technology, engineering and math, and to increase awareness of the global water crisis. She has been invited to speak at schools, international conferences and the United Nations.
Deepika Kurup | Speaker | TED.com