ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Deepika Kurup - Inventor, student scientist
Water is the basis of life, and too many people around the world suffer from waterborne illnesses. Deepika Kurup is working to change that.

Why you should listen

Deepika Kurup is a scientist, speaker, social entrepreneur and student at Harvard University. She has been passionate about solving the global water crisis ever since she was in middle school. After witnessing children in India drinking dirty water, Kurup developed a water purification system that harnesses solar energy to remove contaminants from water.

Recognized as "America’s Top Young Scientist" in 2012, Kurup won the grand prize in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge. In 2014 she was honored with the "United States President's Environmental Youth Award" and represented the United States in Stockholm, Sweden at the international Stockholm Junior Water Prize. Most recently Kurup was named one of the Forbes' "30 Under 30: Energy" and was the National Geographic Explorer Award Winner in the 2015 Google Science Fair. She attended the 2016 (and 2013) White House Science Fair. Currently she is CEO and founder Catalyst for World Water, a social enterprise aimed at deploying the technology she developed in water-scarce areas. 

Along with research, Kurup is passionate about STEM education, and she feels that STEM education has the power to revolutionize the world. In her free time, she enjoys giving talks and writing articles to encourage students all around the world to pursue science, technology, engineering and math, and to increase awareness of the global water crisis. She has been invited to speak at schools, international conferences and the United Nations. 

More profile about the speaker
Deepika Kurup | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2016

Deepika Kurup: A young scientist's quest for clean water

Deepika Kurup: A busca de uma jovem cientista por água potável

Filmed:
1,176,301 views

Deepika Kurup está determinada a resolver a crise global de água desde que tinha 14 anos, depois de ver crianças perto da casa de seus avós na Índia bebendo água que parecia suja demais até para ser tocada. Sua pesquisa começou na cozinha de sua família e por fim a levou a um prêmio importante de ciências. Ouça como esta cientista adolescente desenvolveu uma maneira econômica e ecologicamente sustentável de purificar água.
- Inventor, student scientist
Water is the basis of life, and too many people around the world suffer from waterborne illnesses. Deepika Kurup is working to change that. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Every summer, my family and I
travel across the world,
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Todo verão, eu e minha família
atravessamos o mundo,
00:17
3,000 miles away
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5 mil quilômetros de distância,
00:19
to the culturally diverse
country of India.
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para o país de cultura diversa da Índia.
00:22
Now, India is a country infamous
for its scorching heat and humidity.
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A Índia é um país mal-afamado
pelo calor escaldante e umidade.
00:27
For me, the only relief from this heat
is to drink plenty of water.
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Para mim, o único alívio para o calor
é beber muita água.
00:32
Now, while in India,
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Quando estamos na Índia,
00:34
my parents always remind me
to only drink boiled or bottled water,
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meus pais sempre me lembram
de só beber água fervida ou engarrafada,
00:39
because unlike here in America,
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porque, diferente daqui, nos EUA,
00:41
where I can just turn on a tap
and easily get clean, potable water,
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onde eu posso abrir a torneira
e ter água limpa e potável,
00:46
in India, the water is often contaminated.
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na Índia, a água
é frequentemente contaminada.
00:49
So my parents have to make sure
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Então meus pais têm que se assegurar
de que a água que tomamos é segura.
00:51
that the water we drink is safe.
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00:54
However, I soon realized
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Mas eu percebi rapidamente
que nem todos têm o privilégio
00:56
that not everyone is fortunate enough
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de desfrutar da água limpa
que nós desfrutamos.
00:59
to enjoy the clean water we did.
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01:03
Outside my grandparents' house
in the busy streets of India,
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Saindo da casa dos meus avós,
nas ruas movimentadas da Índia,
eu vi pessoas esperando em filas longas
01:07
I saw people standing in long lines
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01:10
under the hot sun
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debaixo do sol quente
01:11
filling buckets with water from a tap.
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enchendo baldes com água de uma torneira.
01:15
I even saw children,
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Eu até vi crianças,
01:17
who looked the same age as me,
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que pareciam ter a minha idade,
01:20
filling up these clear plastic bottles
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enchendo garrafas de plástico transparente
01:22
with dirty water
from streams on the roadside.
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com água suja dos córregos
à beira da estrada.
01:26
Watching these kids
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Ver estas crianças
01:28
forced to drink water
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forçadas a tomar água
01:30
that I felt was too dirty to touch
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que eu achava que era
suja demais para ser tocada
01:33
changed my perspective on the world.
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mudou a minha perspectiva do mundo.
01:37
This unacceptable social injustice
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Essa injustiça social inaceitável
01:40
compelled me to want to find a solution
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me encorajou a querer
encontrar uma solução
01:43
to our world's clean water problem.
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para o problema de água potável do mundo.
01:46
I wanted to know
why these kids lacked water,
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Eu queria saber porque essas
crianças não tinham água,
uma substância essencial para a vida.
01:50
a substance that is essential for life.
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01:53
And I learned that we are facing
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Eu aprendi que estamos enfrentando
uma crise global de água.
01:55
a global water crisis.
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01:58
Now, this may seem surprising,
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Isto pode parecer surpreendente,
02:00
as 75 percent of our planet
is covered in water,
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já que 75% do nosso planeta
é coberto por água,
02:04
but only 2.5 percent
of that is freshwater,
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mas só 2,5% disso é água doce,
02:08
and less than one percent
of Earth's freshwater supply
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e menos de 1% do abastecimento
de água da Terra está disponível
02:12
is available for human consumption.
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para o consumo humano.
02:15
With rising populations,
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Com as populações aumentando,
02:17
industrial development
and economic growth,
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desenvolvimento industrial
e crescimento econômico,
02:20
our demand for clean water is increasing,
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nossa demanda de água potável
está aumentando,
02:23
yet our freshwater resources
are rapidly depleting.
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enquanto que nossas fontes de água doce
estão se esgotando rapidamente.
02:27
According to the
World Health Organization,
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De acordo com a Organização
Mundial da Saúde,
02:30
660 million people in our world
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660 milhões de pessoas no mundo
02:34
lack access to a clean water source.
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não têm acesso a uma fonte
de água potável.
02:37
Lack of access to clean water
is a leading cause of death
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A falta de acesso à água potável
é a causa principal da mortalidade
02:41
in children under the age of five
in developing countries,
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de crianças abaixo de cinco anos
em países em desenvolvimento,
02:44
and UNICEF estimates that 3,000 children
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e a UNICEF estima que 3 mil crianças
02:47
die every day from
a water-related disease.
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morrem todos os dias
de doenças relacionadas à água.
02:52
So after returning home
one summer in eighth grade,
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Depois de voltar para casa um verão,
quando eu estava na oitava série,
02:55
I decided that I wanted
to combine my passion
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eu decidi que queria combinar minha paixão
02:58
for solving the global water crisis
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por resolver o problema global da água
com meu interesse por ciências.
03:00
with my interest in science.
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03:03
So I decided that the best thing to do
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Então eu decidi que a melhor coisa a fazer
03:05
would be to convert my garage
into a laboratory.
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seria transformar minha garagem
em um laboratório.
03:11
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
03:13
Actually, at first I converted
my kitchen into a laboratory,
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Na verdade, primeiro eu transformei
minha cozinha em um laboratório,
03:17
but my parents didn't really approve
and kicked me out.
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mas meus pais não aprovaram
e me expulsaram.
03:21
I also read a lot of journal papers
on water-related research,
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Eu também li muitos artigos da área
relacionados à pesquisa sobre água
e descobri que atualmente
em países em desenvolvimento,
03:25
and I learned that currently
in developing countries,
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03:28
something called solar disinfection,
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algo chamado de desinfecção solar,
03:31
or SODIS, is used to purify water.
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ou SODIS, é usado para purificar a água.
03:35
In SODIS, clear plastic bottles
are filled with contaminated water
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No SODIS,
garrafas plásticas transparentes
são cheias com água contaminada
03:39
and then exposed to sunlight
for six to eight hours.
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e então expostas à luz do sol
de seis a oito horas.
03:43
The UV radiation from the sun
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A radiação UV do sol
03:45
destroys the DNA
of these harmful pathogens
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destrói do DNA dos patógenos nocivos
03:49
and decontaminates the water.
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e descontamina a água.
03:51
Now, while SODIS is really easy to use
and energy-efficient,
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Enquanto que o SODIS é muito fácil
de usar e energeticamente eficiente,
03:55
as it only uses solar energy,
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porque só usa energia solar,
ele é muito lento,
03:57
it's really slow,
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e pode levar dois dias com tempo nublado.
03:59
as it can take up to two days
when it's cloudy.
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04:02
So in order to make
the SODIS process faster,
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Para tornar o processo
de SODIS mais rápido,
04:06
this new method called photocatalysis
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um método novo chamado fotocatálise
04:09
has recently been used.
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tem sido usado ultimamente.
04:11
So what exactly is this photocatalysis?
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O que é exatamente a fotocatálise?
04:14
Let's break it down:
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Vamos por partes:
04:15
"photo" means from the sun,
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"foto" significa do sol,
04:17
and a catalyst is something
that speeds up a reaction.
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e catalista é algo que acelera uma reação.
04:21
So what photocatalysis is doing
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Então a fotocatálise acelera
o processo solar de desinfecção.
04:23
is it's just speeding up
this solar disinfection process.
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04:27
When sunlight comes in
and strikes a photocatalyst,
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Quando a luz penetra
e atinge um fotocatalista,
04:30
like TiO2, or titanium dioxide,
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como o TiO2, ou dióxido de titânio,
04:34
it creates these
really reactive oxygen species,
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cria essas espécies
de oxigênio muito reagentes,
04:37
like superoxides, hydrogen peroxide
and hydroxyl radicals.
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como superoxidas, peróxido de hidrogênio
e radicais de hidroxila.
04:42
These reactive oxygen species
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Essas espécies de oxigênio reagentes
podem remover bactéria e orgânicos
04:44
are able to remove bacteria and organics
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e vários contaminantes da água potável.
04:47
and a whole lot of contaminants
from drinking water.
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04:51
But unfortunately,
there are several disadvantages
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Mas infelizmente, há diversas desvantagens
04:55
to the way photocatalytic SODIS
is currently deployed.
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na maneira com que a SODIS
fotocatalítica é implantada hoje.
04:59
See, what they do is they take
the clear plastic bottles
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Eles pegam garrafas
de plástico transparente
05:02
and they coat the inside
with this photocatalytic coating.
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e revestem seu interior
com uma camada do fotocatalítico.
05:07
But photocatalysts like titanium dioxide
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Mas fotocatalistas,
como o dióxido de titanio,
são muito usados em protetores solares
para bloquear radiação UV.
05:10
are actually commonly used in sunscreens
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05:13
to block UV radiation.
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05:15
So when they're coated
on the inside of these bottles,
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Ao revestir o interior das garrafas,
05:18
they're actually blocking
some of the UV radiation
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estão bloqueando parte da radiação UV
05:21
and diminishing the efficiency
of the process.
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e diminuindo a efeciência do processo.
05:24
Also, these photocatalytic coatings
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Também, os revestimentos fotocatalíticos
05:26
are not tightly bound
to the plastic bottle,
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não são estreitamente ligados
à garrafa de plástico,
05:29
which means they wash off,
and people end up drinking the catalyst.
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o que quer dizer que saem com água,
e as pessoas acabam tomando o catalista.
05:34
While TiO2 is safe and inert,
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Enquando que o TiO2 é seguro e inerte,
05:37
it's really inefficient
if you keep drinking the catalyst,
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é na verdade ineficiente
se ficarmos tomando o catalista,
05:39
because then you have
to continue to replenish it,
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porque então temos que revesti-lo de novo,
mesmo após poucos usos.
05:42
even after a few uses.
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05:44
So my goal was
to overcome the disadvantages
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Meu objetivo era resolver as desvantagens
dos métodos de tratamento em uso
05:47
of these current treatment methods
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e criar um método seguro,
sustentável, econômico
05:49
and create a safe, sustainable,
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05:52
cost-effective and eco-friendly
method of purifying water.
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e ecologicamente correto
de purificar a água.
05:57
What started off as an eighth grade
science fair project
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O que começou como um projeto
de oitavo ano da feira de ciências
06:00
is now my photocatalytic composite
for water purification.
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é agora o meu composto fotocatalítico
para purificar água.
06:05
The composite combines
titanium dioxide with cement.
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O composto combina dióxido
de titânio com cimento.
06:09
The cement-like composite can be formed
into several different shapes,
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O composto análogo ao cimento
pode ser formado por vários formatos,
06:13
which results in an extremely
versatile range of deployment methods.
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o que resulta numa gama extremamente
versátil de métodos de implantação.
06:18
For example, you could create a rod
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Por exemplo, podemos criar um bastão
06:20
that can easily be placed
inside water bottles for individual use
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que pode ser colocado numa garrafa
para uso individual
06:24
or you could create a porous filter
that can filter water for families.
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ou podemos criar um filtro poroso
que pode filtrar água para famílias.
06:29
You can even coat the inside
of an existing water tank
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Podemos até revestir o interior
de um tanque de água
para purificar quantias maiores de água
06:33
to purify larger amounts of water
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para comunidades por um período maior.
06:35
for communities
over a longer period of time.
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06:39
Now, over the course of this,
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Ao longo deste percurso,
minha jornada não tem sido fácil.
06:41
my journey hasn't really been easy.
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06:44
You know, I didn't have access
to a sophisticated laboratory.
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Eu não tinha acesso
a um laboratório sofisticado.
06:47
I was 14 years old when I started,
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Eu tinha 14 anos quando comecei,
06:51
but I didn't let my age deter me
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mas não deixei minha idade me dissuadir
06:53
in my interest
in pursuing scientific research
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do meu interesse em prosseguir
com minha pesquisa científica
06:56
and wanting to solve
the global water crisis.
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e da minha vontade de resolver
a crise global da água.
06:59
See, water isn't
just the universal solvent.
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Água não é só um solvente universal.
07:03
Water is a universal human right.
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Água é um direito universal do ser humano.
07:07
And for that reason,
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Por isso,
07:08
I'm continuing to work
on this science fair project from 2012
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eu continuo a trabalhar neste projeto
da feira de ciências desde 2012
07:12
to bring it from the laboratory
into the real world.
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para levá-lo do laboratório ao mundo real.
07:15
And this summer,
I founded Catalyst for World Water,
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Neste verão, eu fundei
o Catalyst for World Water,
07:19
a social enterprise aimed at catalyzing
solutions to the global water crisis.
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uma iniciativa social que busca soluções
catalisadoras para a crise de água global.
07:25
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
07:32
Alone, a single drop of water
can't do much,
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Sozinha, uma gota de água
não pode fazer muito,
07:36
but when many drops come together,
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mas quando muitas gotas se juntam,
podem abastecer a vida em nosso planeta.
07:38
they can sustain life on our planet.
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07:42
Just as water drops
come together to form oceans,
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Assim como gotas de água
se juntam para formam oceanos,
eu creio que nós precisamos nos juntar
07:45
I believe that we all must come together
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07:48
when tackling this global problem.
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para enfrentar este problema global.
07:51
Thank you.
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Obrigada.
07:52
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
07:55
Thank you.
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Obrigada.
07:57
(Applause)
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Translated by Denise Pelusch
Reviewed by Maricene Crus

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Deepika Kurup - Inventor, student scientist
Water is the basis of life, and too many people around the world suffer from waterborne illnesses. Deepika Kurup is working to change that.

Why you should listen

Deepika Kurup is a scientist, speaker, social entrepreneur and student at Harvard University. She has been passionate about solving the global water crisis ever since she was in middle school. After witnessing children in India drinking dirty water, Kurup developed a water purification system that harnesses solar energy to remove contaminants from water.

Recognized as "America’s Top Young Scientist" in 2012, Kurup won the grand prize in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge. In 2014 she was honored with the "United States President's Environmental Youth Award" and represented the United States in Stockholm, Sweden at the international Stockholm Junior Water Prize. Most recently Kurup was named one of the Forbes' "30 Under 30: Energy" and was the National Geographic Explorer Award Winner in the 2015 Google Science Fair. She attended the 2016 (and 2013) White House Science Fair. Currently she is CEO and founder Catalyst for World Water, a social enterprise aimed at deploying the technology she developed in water-scarce areas. 

Along with research, Kurup is passionate about STEM education, and she feels that STEM education has the power to revolutionize the world. In her free time, she enjoys giving talks and writing articles to encourage students all around the world to pursue science, technology, engineering and math, and to increase awareness of the global water crisis. She has been invited to speak at schools, international conferences and the United Nations. 

More profile about the speaker
Deepika Kurup | Speaker | TED.com

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