TEDGlobal 2009
Evgeny Morozov: How the Net aids dictatorships
Evgenij Morozov (Evgeny Morozov): Da li je internet ono čega se Orvel pribojavao?
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Učesnik TED Fellow programa i novinar Evgenij Morozov ukazuje na ono što on zove "iPod liberalizam" - pretpostavku da tehnološke inovacije uvek promovišu slobodu, demokratiju - sa jezivim primerima kako internet pomaže tiranskim režimima da uguše proteste.
Evgeny Morozov - Internet scientist
Evgeny Morozov wants to know how the Internet has changed the conduct of global affairs, because it certainly has ... but perhaps not in all the ways we think. Full bio
Evgeny Morozov wants to know how the Internet has changed the conduct of global affairs, because it certainly has ... but perhaps not in all the ways we think. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Good morning. I think, as a grumpy Eastern European,
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Dobro jutro. Mislim da sam kao
džangrizav istočni Evropljanin
džangrizav istočni Evropljanin
00:17
I was brought in to play the pessimist this morning. So bear with me.
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doveden ovde da izgravam pesimistu ovog jutra.
Stoga, moraćete da me trpite.
Stoga, moraćete da me trpite.
00:21
Well, I come from the former Soviet Republic of Belarus,
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Ja dolazim iz bivše Sovjetske republike Belorusije,
00:24
which, as some of you may know,
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koja, kao što neki od vas možda znaju,
00:27
is not exactly an oasis of liberal democracy.
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nije baš oaza liberalne demokratije.
00:30
So that's why I've always been fascinated
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Zato sam uvek bio fasciniran
00:34
with how technology could actually reshape
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time kako tehnologija može da preoblikuje
00:37
and open up authoritarian societies like ours.
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i otvori autoritativna društva kao naše.
00:40
So, I'm graduating college
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Pa, diplomirao sam na fakultetu
00:42
and, feeling very idealistic,
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i, osećajući se vrlo idealistično,
00:44
I decided to join the NGO
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rešio sam da se priključim nevladinoj organizaciji
00:46
which actually was using new media
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koja je zapravo koristila nove medije
00:48
to promote democracy and media reform
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da promoviše demokratiju i reformu medija
00:50
in much of the former Soviet Union.
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u gotovo celom nekadašnjem Sovjetskom Savezu.
00:53
However, to my surprise,
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Međutim, na moje iznenađenje
00:55
I discovered that dictatorships
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otkrio sam da se diktature
00:57
do not crumble so easily.
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ne slamaju tako lako.
00:59
In fact, some of them actually
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Zapravo, neke od njih su
01:02
survived the Internet challenge,
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preživele izazov interneta,
01:04
and some got even more repressive.
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a neke su postale još represivnije.
01:07
So this is when I ran out of my idealism and
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Tada sam napustio moj idealizam i
01:10
decided to quit my NGO job
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rešio da napustim posao u nevladinoj organizaciji
01:12
and actually study how the Internet could impede democratization.
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i proučavam kako to internet
može da sputava demokratizaciju.
može da sputava demokratizaciju.
01:17
Now, I must tell you that this was never
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Sada, moram vam reći da ovo nikada nije bio
01:19
a very popular argument,
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mnogo popularan argument
01:22
and it's probably not very popular yet
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i verovatno još uvek nije mnogo popularan
01:24
with some of you sitting in this audience.
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kod nekih od vas u publici.
01:26
It was never popular with many political leaders,
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Nikada nije bio popularan kod mnogih političkih vođa
01:29
especially those in the United States
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posebno onih u Sjedinjenim Državama
01:31
who somehow thought that new media
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koji su nekako mislili da će novi mediji
01:33
would be able to do what missiles couldn't.
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moći da urade ono što rakete nisu mogle.
01:37
That is, promote democracy in difficult places
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A to je, da promovišu demokratiju
u nestabilnim mestima
u nestabilnim mestima
01:40
where everything else has already been tried and failed.
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gde je već sve ostalo isprobano i nije uspelo.
01:44
And I think by 2009,
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Mislim da su do 2009,
01:46
this news has finally reached Britain,
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ove vesti konačno stigle do Britanije,
01:49
so I should probably add Gordon Brown to this list as well.
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pa bi trebalo verovatno da dodam
i Gordona Brauna na ovu listu.
i Gordona Brauna na ovu listu.
01:52
However, there is an underlying argument about logistics,
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Ipak, postoji osnovni argument o logistici
01:57
which has driven so much of this debate. Right?
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koja je bila pokretač ove debate.
02:00
So if you look at it close enough,
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Ako pažljivo posmatrate,
02:02
you'll actually see that much of this
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možete zapravo uočiti da je mnogo toga
02:04
is about economics.
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o ekonomiji.
02:07
The cybertopians say, much like fax machines
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Sajberutopisti kažu, baš kao što su faks mašine
02:10
and Xerox machines did in the '80s,
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i kopir mašine radile u 1980-im,
02:13
blogs and social networks
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blogovi i društvene mreže
02:15
have radically transformed the economics of protest,
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su radikalno transformisali ekonomiku protesta,
02:18
so people would inevitably rebel.
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pa bi se ljudi neizbežno pobunili.
02:21
To put it very simply,
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Da pojednostavimo,
02:23
the assumption so far has been
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pretpostavka je dosad bila
02:25
that if you give people enough connectivity,
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da ako date ljudima dovoljno povezanosti,
02:28
if you give them enough devices,
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ako im date dovoljno uređaja,
02:31
democracy will inevitably follow.
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demokratija će neizvesno ići uz to.
02:33
And to tell you the truth,
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I da vam kažem istinu,
02:35
I never really bought into this argument,
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nikad nisam pao na ovaj argument,
02:38
in part because I never saw three American presidents
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delimično zato što nisam nikada video
da se tri američka predsednika
da se tri američka predsednika
02:41
agree on anything else in the past.
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slože oko bilo čega u prošlosti.
02:43
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:47
But, you know, even beyond that,
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Ali, znate, čak iza toga,
02:49
if you think about the logic underlying it,
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ako mislite na logiku koja je u osnovi,
02:51
is something I call iPod liberalism,
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to je nešto što ja zovem iPod liberalizam,
02:54
where we assume that every single Iranian or Chinese
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gde pretpostavljamo da svaki Iranac ili Kinez
02:58
who happens to have and love his iPod
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koji poseduje i voli svoj iPod
03:00
will also love liberal democracy.
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će voleti i liberalnu demokratiju.
03:04
And again, I think this is kind of false.
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Ponavljam, mislim da je ovo neka vrsta laži.
03:08
But I think a much bigger problem with this
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Ali mislim da je mnogo veći problem sa ovim
03:10
is that this logic --
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taj da ova logika -
03:12
that we should be dropping iPods not bombs --
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da treba da bacamo iPodove, a ne bombe -
03:15
I mean, it would make a fascinating title
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mislim, to bi bio fascinantan naslov
03:18
for Thomas Friedman's new book.
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za novu knjigu Tomasa Fridmana.
03:20
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:21
But this is rarely a good sign. Right?
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Ali ovo je retko kada dobar znak. U redu?
03:25
So, the bigger problem with this logic
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Veći problem u vezi sa ovom logikom
03:29
is that it confuses the intended
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je da meša nameravanu
03:31
versus the actual uses of technology.
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sa stvarnom upotrebom tehnologije.
03:35
For those of you who think that
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Za neke od vas koji misle da
03:37
new media of the Internet
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novi medij internet
03:39
could somehow help us avert genocide,
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može nekako da nam pomogne
da izbegnemo genocid,
da izbegnemo genocid,
03:42
should look no further than Rwanda,
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ne treba da gledate dalje od Ruande,
03:44
where in the '90s it was actually two radio stations
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gde je 1990-ih bilo zapravo 2 radio stanice
03:47
which were responsible for fueling much of the ethnic hatred in the first place.
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koje su bile zadužene za potpirivanje
etničke mržnje na prvom mestu.
etničke mržnje na prvom mestu.
03:51
But even beyond that, coming back to the Internet,
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Još dalje od toga, vraćamo se na internet,
03:54
what you can actually see
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ono što zaista možete videti
03:56
is that certain governments
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je da su određene vlade
03:58
have mastered the use of cyberspace
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ovladale korišćenjem sajberprostora
04:01
for propaganda purposes. Right?
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u propagandne svrhe. U redu?
04:03
And they are building what I call the Spinternet.
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I grade ono što ja zovem Spinternet.
04:05
The combination of spin, on the one hand,
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Kombinaciju spinovanja, s jedne strane
04:08
and the Internet on the other.
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i interneta sa druge.
04:10
So governments from Russia to China to Iran
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Zato vlade od Rusije preko Kine do Irana
04:13
are actually hiring, training and paying bloggers
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zapravo unajmljuju, osposobljavaju
i plaćaju blogere
i plaćaju blogere
04:16
in order to leave ideological comments
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koji ostavljaju ideološke komentare
04:19
and create a lot of ideological blog posts
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i kreiraju mnogo ideoloških blogova
04:21
to comment on sensitive political issues. Right?
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u kojima komentarišu osetljiva politička pitanja. U redu?
04:24
So you may wonder, why on Earth are they doing it?
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Pitate se, zašto oni to rade?
04:28
Why are they engaging with cyberspace?
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Zašto se angažuju u sajberprostoru?
04:30
Well my theory is that
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Moja teorija je da
04:32
it's happening because censorship actually
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se to dešava jer je cenzura zapravo
04:35
is less effective than you think it is in many of those places.
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manje efikasna nego što mislite
u mnogim tim mestima.
u mnogim tim mestima.
04:38
The moment you put something critical in a blog,
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Onog trenutka kad stavite nesto kritično na blog,
04:42
even if you manage to ban it immediately,
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čak iako uspete odmah da ga zabranite,
04:45
it will still spread around thousands and thousands of other blogs.
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i dalje će se širiti širom hiljada i hiljada drugih blogova.
04:49
So the more you block it,
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Tako da što ih više blokirate,
04:51
the more it emboldens people to actually avoid the censorship
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više ohrabrujete ljude da izbegavaju cenzuru
04:54
and thus win in this cat-and-mouse game.
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i samim tim pobede u ovoj igri mačke i miša.
04:57
So the only way to control this message
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Jedini način da kontrolišete tu poruku
05:01
is actually to try to spin it
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je tako što ćete da je spinujete
05:03
and accuse anyone who has written something critical
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i optužite nekoga ko je napisao nešto kritično
05:06
of being, for example, a CIA agent.
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da je, na primer, agent CIA.
05:08
And, again, this is happening quite often.
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I, ponavljam, ovo se dešava prilično često.
05:11
Just to give you an example of how it works in China, for example.
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Samo da vam dam primer
kako to funkcioniše u Kini.
kako to funkcioniše u Kini.
05:15
There was a big case in February 2009
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Postojao je veliki slučaj u februaru 2009.
05:19
called "Elude the Cat."
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koji se zvao: "Izbegni mačku".
05:21
And for those of you who didn't know, I'll just give a little summary.
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Za vas koji niste znali, daću vam kratak uvid u to.
05:25
So what happened is that a 24-year-old man,
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Desilo se da je 24-godišnji čovek,
05:28
a Chinese man, died in prison custody.
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Kinez, umro u pritvoru.
05:31
And police said that it happened
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Policija je rekla da se to desilo
05:34
because he was playing hide and seek,
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jer je igrao žmurke
05:36
which is "elude the cat" in Chinese slang,
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što se kaže "izbegni mačku" u kineskom žargonu,
05:39
with other inmates and hit his head
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sa drugim zatvorenicima i udario glavu
05:41
against the wall,
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u zid,
05:43
which was not an explanation which sat well with many Chinese bloggers.
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što je objašnjenje koje se nije baš svidelo
mnogim kineskim blogerima.
mnogim kineskim blogerima.
05:50
So they immediately began posting a lot of critical comments.
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Tako da su odmah počeli da ostavljaju
gomilu kritičnih komentara.
gomilu kritičnih komentara.
05:54
In fact, QQ.com, which is a popular Chinese website,
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Zapravo, QQ.com, popularni kineski sajt,
05:58
had 35,000 comments
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je imao 35 000 komentara
06:00
on this issue within hours.
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na ovu temu za nekoliko sati.
06:02
But then authorities did something very smart.
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A onda su vlasti uradile nešto veoma pametno.
06:05
Instead of trying to purge these comments,
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Umesto pročišćavanja ovih komentara,
06:08
they instead went and reached out to the bloggers.
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oni su se obratili blogerima.
06:11
And they basically said, "Look guys. We'd like you to become netizen investigators."
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U suštini su rekli: "Gledajte momci.
Želeli bismo da postanete istražitelji preko neta."
Želeli bismo da postanete istražitelji preko neta."
06:16
So 500 people applied,
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Prijavilo se 500 ljudi
06:19
and four were selected to actually go and tour the facility in question,
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i njih četvoro je izabrano da zaista idu
i ispituju po objektu
i ispituju po objektu
06:23
and thus inspect it and then blog about it.
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i samim tim ga pregledaju, a zatim bloguju o tome.
06:27
Within days the entire incident was forgotten,
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Za nekoliko dana incident je zaboravljen,
06:30
which would have never happened if they simply tried to block the content.
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što se nikad ne bi desilo da su oni jednostavno
pokušali da blokiraju sadržaj.
pokušali da blokiraju sadržaj.
06:33
People would keep talking about it for weeks.
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Ljudi bi govorili o ovome nedeljama.
06:36
And this actually fits with another interesting theory
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A ovo se slaže sa još jednom zanimljivom teorijom
06:40
about what's happening in authoritarian states
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o tome šta se dešava u autoritativnim državama
06:43
and in their cyberspace.
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i njihovom sajberprostoru.
06:45
This is what political scientists call authoritarian deliberation,
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To je ono što politikolozi zovu autoritativno razmatranje,
06:48
and it happens when governments are actually reaching out to their critics
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i dešava se kada vlade pokušavaju
da dopru do svojih kritičara
da dopru do svojih kritičara
06:53
and letting them engage with each other online.
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i puštaju ih da se angažuju sa drugima onlajn.
06:55
We tend to think
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Skloni smo razmišljanju
06:57
that somehow this is going to harm these dictatorships,
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da će ovo nekako da šteti ovim diktaturama,
07:00
but in many cases it only strengthens them.
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ali ih u mnogo slučajeva ojača.
07:03
And you may wonder why.
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Možda se pitate zašto.
07:05
I'll just give you a very short list of reasons
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Daću vam veoma kratkak spisak razloga
07:07
why authoritarian deliberation
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zašto autoritativno razmatranje
07:10
may actually help the dictators.
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može zapravo da pomogne diktatorima.
07:12
And first it's quite simple.
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Prvo je prilično jednostavno.
07:14
Most of them operate in a complete information vacuum.
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Mnogi od njih rade u potpunom
informacionom vakuumu.
informacionom vakuumu.
07:17
They don't really have the data they need
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Oni zapravo nemaju podatke koji su im potrebni
07:20
in order to identify emerging threats facing the regime.
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da bi prepoznali narastajuće pretnje režimu.
07:23
So encouraging people to actually go online
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Zato ohrabrivanje ljudi da budu onlajn
07:26
and share information and data
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i dele informacije i podatke
07:28
on blogs and wikis is great
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na blogovima i wikijima je sjajno
07:30
because otherwise, low level apparatchiks and bureaucrats
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jer u suprotnom, osrednje birokrate
07:33
will continue concealing what's actually happening in the country, right?
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će nastaviti da prikrivaju šta se
stvarno dešava u državi, u redu?
stvarno dešava u državi, u redu?
07:37
So from this perspective, having blogs and wikis
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Zato iz ove perspektive, imati blogove i wikije
07:39
produce knowledge has been great.
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koji proizvode znanje je bilo sjajno.
07:41
Secondly, involving public in any decision making
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Drugo, uključivanje javnosti u donošenje odluka
07:44
is also great
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je takođe sjajno
07:46
because it helps you to share the blame
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jer vam pomaže da podelite krivicu
07:48
for the policies which eventually fail.
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za politiku koja će na kraju propasti.
07:50
Because they say, "Well look, we asked you,
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Zato što kažu: "Pa vidite, pitali smo vas,
07:52
we consulted you, you voted on it.
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konsultovali se sa vama, glasali ste za to.
07:54
You put it on the front page of your blog.
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Stavili ste ga na naslavnu stranu bloga.
07:56
Well, great. You are the one who is to blame."
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Pa, divno. VI ste ti koje treba kriviti."
07:59
And finally, the purpose of
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I konačno, svrha
08:02
any authoritarian deliberation efforts
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bilo kog autoritativnog razmatranja
08:04
is usually to increase the legitimacy of the regimes, both at home and abroad.
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je uglavnom da poveća legitimnost režima,
kod kuće i u inostranstvu.
kod kuće i u inostranstvu.
08:07
So inviting people to all sorts of public forums,
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Stoga pozivanje ljudi na bilo koju vrstu javnog foruma,
08:11
having them participate in decision making,
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njihovo učestvovanje u donošenju odluka,
08:13
it's actually great.
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je zapravo sjajno.
08:15
Because what happens is that then
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Jer ono što se dešava tada je da
08:17
you can actually point to this initiative and say,
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možete ukazati na ovu inicijativu i reći:
08:19
"Well, we are having a democracy. We are having a forum."
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"Pa, imamo demokratiju. Imamo forum."
08:22
Just to give you an example,
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Čisto da vam dam primer,
08:24
one of the Russian regions, for example,
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jedan od ruskih regiona, recimo,
08:26
now involves its citizens
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sada uključuje svoje građane
08:28
in planning its strategy up until year 2020.
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u donošenje strategije do 2020. godine.
08:32
Right? So they can go online
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Tako da oni mogu da budu online
08:34
and contribute ideas on what that region would look like by the year 2020.
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i doprinose idejama kako bi region
trebao da izgleda do 2020. godine.
trebao da izgleda do 2020. godine.
08:38
I mean, anyone who has been to Russia would know
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Mislim, svako ko je bio u Rusiji zna
08:40
that there was no planning in Russia for the next month.
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da u Rusiji nije bilo planiranja za naredni mesec.
08:43
So having people involved in planning for 2020
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Tako da uključivanje ljudi u planiranje za 2020.
08:46
is not necessarily going to change anything,
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neće nužno da promeni bilo šta,
08:48
because the dictators are still the ones who control the agenda.
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jer su diktatori i dalje ti koji kontrolišu dnevni red.
08:52
Just to give you an example from Iran,
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Čisto da vam dam primer iz Irana,
08:54
we all heard about the Twitter revolution
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Svi smo čuli za Twitter revoluciju
08:56
that happened there,
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koja se tamo dogodila,
08:58
but if you look close enough, you'll actually see
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ali ako dobro pogledate, zapravo ćete videti
09:00
that many of the networks and blogs
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da mnoge od ovih mreža i blogova
09:02
and Twitter and Facebook were actually operational.
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i Twitter i Facebook su zapravo bili funkcionalni.
09:05
They may have become slower,
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Možda su postali sporiji,
09:07
but the activists could still access it
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ali aktivisti i dalje mogu da im pristupe
09:09
and actually argue that having access to them
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i tvrde da imati pristup njima
09:11
is actually great for many authoritarian states.
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je odlično za mnoge autoritativne države.
09:14
And it's great simply because
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A odlično je čisto jer
09:17
they can gather open source intelligence.
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mogu da sakupe otvorenu inteligenciju.
09:21
In the past it would take you weeks, if not months,
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U prošlosti bi vam trebale nedelje,
ako ne i meseci,
ako ne i meseci,
09:24
to identify how Iranian activists connect to each other.
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da utvrdite kako se povezuju
iranski aktivisti jedni sa drugima.
iranski aktivisti jedni sa drugima.
09:27
Now you actually know how they connect to each other
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Sada zaista znate kako se povezuju
09:29
by looking at their Facebook page.
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gledanjem njihovih Facebook profila.
09:31
I mean KGB, and not just KGB,
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Mislim KGB, i ne samo KGB,
09:33
used to torture in order to actually get this data.
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je mučio u cilju dobijanja ovih podataka.
09:36
Now it's all available online.
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Sada je dostupno onlajn.
09:38
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:40
But I think the biggest conceptual pitfall
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Ali ja mislim da je najveća konceptualna zamka
09:42
that cybertopians made
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koju su sajberutopisti napravili
09:44
is when it comes to digital natives, people who have grown up online.
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je ona koja se tiče digitalnih urođenika,
ljudi koji su odrasli onlajn.
ljudi koji su odrasli onlajn.
09:47
We often hear about cyber activism,
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Često slušamo o sajber aktivizmu,
09:50
how people are getting more active because of the Internet.
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kako su ljudi aktivniji zahvaljujući internetu.
09:53
Rarely hear about cyber hedonism, for example,
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Ređe slušamo o sajber hedonizmu, na primer,
09:55
how people are becoming passive.
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kako ljudi postaju pasivni.
09:57
Why? Because they somehow assume that the Internet
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Zašto? Zato što oni nekako
pretpostavljaju da će internet
pretpostavljaju da će internet
09:59
is going to be the catalyst of change
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biti katalizator promene
10:01
that will push young people into the streets,
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koji će da pogura mlade ljude na ulicu,
10:03
while in fact it may actually be the new opium for the masses
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dok zapravo može biti novi opijum za mase
10:06
which will keep the same people in their rooms downloading pornography.
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koji će držati te iste ljude u svojim sobama
skidajući pornografiju.
skidajući pornografiju.
10:09
That's not an option being considered too strongly.
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Ta opcija nije dovoljno razmatrana.
10:13
So for every digital renegade that is revolting in the streets of Tehran,
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Zato za svakog digitalnog otpadnika
koji se pobunjuje na ulicama Teherana,
koji se pobunjuje na ulicama Teherana,
10:16
there may as well be two digital captives
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isto tako može biti 2 digitalna zarobljenika
10:18
who are actually rebelling only in the World of Warcraft.
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koji se pobunjuju jedino u World of Warcraft.
10:21
And this is realistic. And there is nothing wrong about it
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I ovo je realnost. Ništa nije pogrešno u vezi s tim
10:23
because the Internet has greatly empowered many of these young people
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jer je internet osnažio mnoge od ovih mladih ljudi
10:27
and it plays a completely different social role for them.
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i igra potpuno drugačiju društvenu ulogu za njih.
10:29
If you look at some of the surveys
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Ako gledate neka ispitivanja
10:31
on how the young people actually benefit from the Internet,
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o tome kako mladi zapravo profitiraju od interneta,
10:34
you'll see that the number of teenagers in China, for example,
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videćete da broj tinejdžera u Kini, na primer,
10:37
for whom the Internet actually broadens their sex life,
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za koje internet zapravo obogaćuje
njihov seksualni zivot,
njihov seksualni zivot,
10:40
is three times more than in the United States.
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je tri puta veći nego u Sjedinjenim Državama.
10:43
So it does play a social role,
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Stoga on ima i socijalnu ulogu,
10:45
however it may not necessarily lead to political engagement.
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međutim to nužno ne mora da
vodi političkom angažovanju.
vodi političkom angažovanju.
10:48
So the way I tend to think of it
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Zato na to mislim
10:50
is like a hierarchy of cyber-needs in space,
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kao na hijerarhiju sajber potreba u svemiru,
10:52
a total rip-off from Abraham Maslow.
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potpuni preokret od Abrahama Maslova.
10:54
But the point here is that
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Poenta ovde je da
10:56
when we get the remote Russian village online,
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kada dobijemo udaljeno rusko selo onlajn,
10:59
what will get people to the Internet
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ono što će privući ljude na internet
11:01
is not going to be the reports from Human Rights Watch.
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neće biti izveštaj Čuvara ljudskih prava.
11:03
It's going to be pornography, "Sex and the City,"
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Biće pornografija, "Seks i grad"
11:06
or maybe watching funny videos of cats.
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ili možda gledanje smešnih videa mačaka.
11:09
So this is something you have to recognize.
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Zato je ovo nešto što morate da prepoznate.
11:11
So what should we do about it?
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Šta bi trebalo da radimo povodom toga?
11:13
Well I say we have to stop thinking
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Pa, ja kažem da moramo da
prestanemo da razmišljamo
prestanemo da razmišljamo
11:15
about the number of iPods per capita
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o broju iPodova po glavi stanovnika
11:18
and start thinking about ways in which
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i da počnemo da razmišljamo
o načinima na koje
o načinima na koje
11:20
we can empower intellectuals,
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možemo da osnažimo intelektualce,
11:23
dissidents, NGOs and then the members of civil society.
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disidente, nevladine organizacije
i članove civilnog društva.
i članove civilnog društva.
11:26
Because even what has been happening up 'til now
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Jer uprkos tome što se dešavalo do sada
11:29
with the Spinternet and authoritarian deliberation,
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sa Spinternetom i autoritativnim razmatranjem,
11:31
there is a great chance that those voices will not be heard.
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postoji velika šansa da se ti glasovi neće čuti.
11:34
So I think we should shatter some of our utopian assumptions
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Zato mislim da treba da odbacimo
neke od naših utopijskih pretpostavki
neke od naših utopijskih pretpostavki
11:37
and actually start doing something about it.
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i zaista počnemo da radimo nesto povodom toga.
11:39
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
11:41
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Evgeny Morozov - Internet scientistEvgeny Morozov wants to know how the Internet has changed the conduct of global affairs, because it certainly has ... but perhaps not in all the ways we think.
Why you should listen
Writer Evgeny Morozov studies the political and social aspects of the Internet. Right now, he's working on a book about the Internet's role in politics -- and especially how the Web influences civic engagement and regime stability in authoritarian, closed societies or in countries "in transition."
Morozov writes the much-quoted Foreign Policy blog Net.Effect, and is known for debunking -- with facts, figures and sound research -- myths and media-bandwagon assumptions about the impact of the Internet and mobile technologies on politics and society. We all want to be cyber-optimists, assuming that free societies necessarily follow from free data. Morozov is careful to say that it's not quite that simple: yes, social change can be empowered by new tech, but so can the policies of repressive regimes. Morozov attended TEDGlobal 2009 as one of 25 TEDGlobal Fellows.
Evgeny Morozov | Speaker | TED.com